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| author | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2021-04-26 12:58:45 +0200 |
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| committer | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2021-04-26 12:59:49 +0200 |
| commit | d13363cb6a76964b7355312421ec2b35a7f9db86 (patch) | |
| tree | df765fb4a3efad7ef3236d4b9ee9670c89138b82 /talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en | |
| parent | 0072a5085b77a42fd5435234875867b2901c3c69 (diff) | |
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update articles
Diffstat (limited to 'talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en')
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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/amazonpatent.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/amazonpatent.html index aebce38..f48b4a1 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/amazonpatent.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/amazonpatent.html @@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ September 28, 1999 purchase the item in accordance with the billing and shipment information whereby the purchaser effects the ordering of the product by selection of the order button. +</P> <P> <STRONG>RMS Note:</STRONG> Translated into ordinary language, this means they ask you for some information about you, record it, and send your browser a cookie containing a customer number to identify you. - +</P> <P> Then, every time you click on a page from the same server, the browser @@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ sends back the cookie that it previously got from the same server. (That is not Amazon's idea; that is what browsers always do with cookies.) This gives the server your customer number. It uses your customer number to find your customer information. - +</P> <P> @@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ customer number to find your customer information. 345/962 </TD></TR> </TABLE> +</P> <HR><CENTER><B>References Cited [Referenced By]</B></CENTER><HR> <CENTER><B>U.S. Patent Documents</B></CENTER> <TABLE WIDTH="100%"><TR><TD WIDTH="25%">4937863</TD><TD WIDTH="25%">Jun., 1990</TD><TD WIDTH="25%" ALIGN="LEFT">Robert et al.</TD><TD WIDTH="25%" ALIGN="RIGHT">380/4. @@ -198,10 +200,12 @@ customer number to find your customer information. additional information; and <BR><BR>fulfilling the generated order to complete purchase of the item <BR><BR>whereby the item is ordered without using a shopping cart ordering model. +</P> <P> <STRONG>RMS Note:</STRONG> Note that this list of elements includes a several things that any E-commerce web site must do. The result is a long list of elements, only a few of which have to do with one-click purchasing. +</P> <P> <BR><BR>2. The method of claim 1 wherein the displaying of information includes displaying information indicating the single action. @@ -279,6 +283,7 @@ only a few of which have to do with one-click purchasing. partial payment information supplied by the server system. <BR><BR>26. The method of claim 11 wherein the displaying includes displaying a moniker identifying a shipping address for the customer. +</P> <HR> <CENTER><B><I> Description</I></B></CENTER> <HR> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html index df18cee..7cff006 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ <blockquote> <p>Originally published in 2005 in -<a href="http://cnet.com/au/news/bill-gates-and-other-communists/">CNET +<a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/bill-gates-and-other-communists/">CNET News.com</a>.</p> </blockquote> @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2005, 2015 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2005, 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2015/10/06 13:43:20 $ +$Date: 2021/01/31 17:25:34 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/can-you-trust.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/can-you-trust.html index 51db680..d6a504c 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/can-you-trust.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/can-you-trust.html @@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ package, makes security features available to the users; <em>they</em> use <em>i Treacherous computing is designed to impose restrictions on the users; <em>it</em> uses <em>them</em>.</p></li> -<li><p> +<li><p id="beneficial"> The supporters of treacherous computing focus their discourse on its -<a name="beneficial">beneficial uses</a>. What they say is often +beneficial uses. What they say is often correct, just not important.</p> <p> Like most hardware, treacherous-computing hardware can be used for @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ systems are no accident; they result from the basic goal. It is the goal we must reject.</p></li> </ol> -<hr /> +<hr class="thin" /> <p>As of 2015, treacherous computing has been implemented for PCs in the form of the “Trusted Platform Module”; however, for @@ -261,9 +261,9 @@ is harmless only because it failed in the attempt to make remote attestation feasible. We must not presume that all future attempts will fail too.</p> -<hr /> +<hr class="thin" /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2016/11/18 06:31:39 $ +$Date: 2020/12/08 20:06:40 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/compromise.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/compromise.html index 29d6d65..9887f7a 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/compromise.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/compromise.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 --> <title>Avoiding Ruinous Compromises - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <style type="text/css" media="print,screen"> @@ -56,11 +56,12 @@ announced a plan</a> to create a completely free operating system called GNU—for ‘GNU's Not Unix’. As part of the 25th anniversary of the GNU system, I have written this article on how our community can avoid ruinous compromises. In addition to avoiding -such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/help.html">help -GNU</a> and free software. One basic way is -to <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate/support_freedom/join_fsf?referrer=4052"> -join the Free Software Foundation</a> as an Associate -Member.”—<b>Richard Stallman</b></p></blockquote> +such compromises, there are many ways you can <a href="/help/help.html"> +help GNU</a> and free software. One way is to say no to the use of a +nonfree program or an online disservice as often as you can or +<a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> +even once.</a>”—<b>Richard Stallman</b></p></blockquote> + <p>The free software movement aims for a social change: <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">to make all software @@ -73,16 +74,16 @@ injustice.</p> is <a href="http://www.fsf.org/bulletin/2008/spring/the-last-mile-is-always-the-hardest/"> a long road</a>. It will take many steps and many years to reach a world in which it is normal for software users to have freedom. Some -of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become easier -if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p> +of these steps are hard, and require sacrifice. Some of them become +easier if we make compromises with people that have different goals.</p> <p>Thus, the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a> makes compromises—even major ones. For instance, we made compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of -the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) so -that major companies would contribute to and distribute GPLv3-covered -software and thus bring some patents under the effect of these -provisions. </p> +the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> +(GNU GPL) so that major companies would contribute to and distribute +GPLv3-covered software and thus bring some patents under the effect of +these provisions. </p> <img src="/graphics/gplv3-large.png" alt=" [GPLv3 Logo] " class="imgleft" /> @@ -107,18 +108,18 @@ destructive. 2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or decayed.">ruinous</abbr> compromise.</p> <p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the -long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of -actions.</p> +long term. That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the +level of actions.</p> <p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer” -values, which means they judge any program only on practical characteristics -such as price and convenience.</p> +values, which means they judge any program only on practical +characteristics such as price and convenience.</p> -<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and -Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to +<p>Dale Carnegie's classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends +and Influence People</cite>, advises that the most effective way to persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal to per values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values typical in our society. For instance, free software obtained gratis @@ -133,10 +134,10 @@ freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense in terms of consumer values. That's what the term “open source” and its associated rhetoric do.</p> -<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People -who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it -only as long as it is more convenient. And they will see no reason not -to use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p> +<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. +People who use free software only because it is convenient will stick +with it only as long as it is more convenient. And they will see no +reason not to use convenient proprietary programs along with it.</p> <p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That's why we @@ -159,12 +160,12 @@ they are the basis of our actions. We must reject the Dale Carnegie compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their consumer values.</p> -<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we can -and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals -the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore, -when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate -frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em> reasons -to prefer it.</p> +<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at +all—we can and we do. It becomes a problem only when the +practical advantage steals the scene and pushes freedom into the +background. Therefore, when we cite the practical advantages of free +software, we reiterate frequently that those are just <em>additional, +secondary</em> reasons to prefer it.</p> <p>It's not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid @@ -197,8 +198,8 @@ proprietary software is the problem.</p> <p>A ruinous compromise is not just a bad influence on others. It can distort your own values, too, through cognitive dissonance. If you have certain values, but your actions imply other, conflicting values, -you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve the -contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical +you are likely to change your values or your actions so as to resolve +the contradiction. Thus, projects that argue only from practical advantages, or direct people toward some nonfree software, nearly always shy away from even <em>suggesting</em> that nonfree software is unethical. For their participants, as well as for the public, they @@ -208,14 +209,13 @@ to keep our values straight.</p> <p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal of freedom, look at <a href="http://www.fsf.org/resources">the FSF's resources area</a>. It lists hardware and machine configurations that -work with free software, <a href="/distros/distros.html"> totally free GNU/Linux -distros</a> to install, and <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/"> -thousands of free software packages</a> that -work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to help the -community stay on the road to freedom, one important way is to -publicly uphold citizen values. When people are discussing what is -good or bad, or what to do, cite the values of freedom and community -and argue from them.</p> +work with free software, <a href="/distros/distros.html"> totally free +GNU/Linux distros</a> to install, and <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/"> +thousands of free software packages</a> that work in a 100 percent +free software environment. If you want to help the community stay on +the road to freedom, one important way is to publicly uphold citizen +values. When people are discussing what is good or bad, or what to +do, cite the values of freedom and community and argue from them.</p> <p>A road that lets you go faster is not better if it leads to the wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal, @@ -259,8 +259,8 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard -Stallman</a>.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 +<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a>.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:28 $ +$Date: 2020/10/27 08:30:32 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/contradictory-support.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/contradictory-support.html index 675f011..a043369 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/contradictory-support.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/contradictory-support.html @@ -43,8 +43,13 @@ software” causes confusion about what we stand for.</p> <p>If you encounter such an organization, please explain these points to the people who work on it: that such courses go directly against the principles of the free software movement. Explain to them why, if -they want to help the free software cause, they need to teach people -to choose free software, not legitimize nonfree software.</p> +they want to help the free software cause, they need to teach people to +choose free software, not legitimize nonfree software.</p> + +<p>If they ask you to participate in those courses, as a student or +teacher, that gives you an opportunity +to <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> say no</a> for a +change.</p> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> @@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2016 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2016, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2016/07/19 01:44:35 $ +$Date: 2020/12/19 16:11:48 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-and-globalization.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-and-globalization.html index 1e73da9..70b46e9 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-and-globalization.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-and-globalization.html @@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ friends and they like eating it, they might ask you, “Could I have the recipe?” Then maybe you'll write down your version and give them copies. That is exactly the same thing that we much later started doing in the free-software community.</p> -<p><a name="opinions"></a> +<p id="opinions"> So that's one class of work. The second class of work is works whose purpose is to say what certain people think. Talking about those people is their purpose. This includes, say, memoirs, essays of @@ -1251,7 +1251,7 @@ others will do other pieces.</p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This speech is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This speech is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -1313,7 +1313,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +$Date: 2020/12/08 11:48:20 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/danger-of-software-patents.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/danger-of-software-patents.html index 8276c2b..2b95d27 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/danger-of-software-patents.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/danger-of-software-patents.html @@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ you Richard.</dd> </dl> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This speech is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This speech is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/07/07 12:25:06 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html index c7078d0..3f78ea9 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html @@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ to resist them, collectively and individually.</p> <p>Digital surveillance systems are spreading. The UK uses computers with cameras to track all car travel. China plans to identify and -photograph everyone that uses an Internet cafe.<a name="tex2html1" +photograph everyone that uses an Internet cafe.<a id="tex2html1" href="#foot100"><sup>1</sup></a></p> <p>Cell phones are Big Brother's tools. Some can be activated by remote command to listen to the user's conversations without giving -any sign of listening, by the police<a name="tex2html3" +any sign of listening, by the police<a id="tex2html3" href="#foot101"><sup>2</sup></a> and by unauthorized -individuals.<a name="tex2html5" href="#foot102"><sup>3</sup></a> Users +individuals.<a id="tex2html5" href="#foot102"><sup>3</sup></a> Users are unable to stop this because the software in the phone is not free/libre, thus not under the users' control.</p> @@ -82,19 +82,19 @@ political opposition as “terrorists,” and using supposed “anti-terror” laws to infiltrate and sabotage their activities, threatens democracy everywhere. For instance, the US Joint Terrorism Task Force infiltrated a wide range of political -opposition groups.<a name="tex2html7" +opposition groups.<a id="tex2html7" href="#foot103"><sup>4</sup></a></p> <p>False accusations of “terrorism” are standard practice for suppressing political opposition. In the US, protesters who smashed windows at the 2008 Republican National Convention were -charged with “terrorism.”<a name="tex2html9" +charged with “terrorism.”<a id="tex2html9" href="#foot104"><sup>5</sup></a> More recently, Iran described protesters demanding a new election as -“terrorists.”<a name="tex2html11" +“terrorists.”<a id="tex2html11" href="#foot105"><sup>6</sup></a> The generals who ruled most of South America in the 1970s offered precisely that justification for their -systematic murder of dissidents.<a name="tex2html13" +systematic murder of dissidents.<a id="tex2html13" href="#foot20"><sup>7</sup></a></p> <p>A free society does not guarantee anonymity in what you do outside @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ fight surveillance even if it is established while we have no particular secrets to keep.</p> <p>The UK car travel surveillance system has already been used against -political dissidents.<a name="tex2html14" +political dissidents.<a id="tex2html14" href="#foot106"><sup>8</sup></a></p> <h3 id="censorship">CENSORSHIP</h3> @@ -131,22 +131,22 @@ do likewise, but has met strong resistance, so instead it has forbidden links to a long list of URLs. Electronic Frontiers Australia was forced, under threat of fines of AUD 11,000 per day, to remove a link to an anti-abortion political web -site.<a name="tex2html16" href="#foot107"><sup>9</sup></a> Denmark's +site.<a id="tex2html16" href="#foot107"><sup>9</sup></a> Denmark's secret list of forbidden URLs was leaked and posted on Wikileaks; that -page is now on Australia's banned list.<a name="tex2html18" +page is now on Australia's banned list.<a id="tex2html18" href="#foot108"><sup>10</sup></a> Germany is on the verge of launching -Internet censorship.<a name="tex2html20" +Internet censorship.<a id="tex2html20" href="#foot109"><sup>11</sup></a></p> <p>Censorship of the contents of web sites is also a threat. India just announced a broad plan of censorship that would effectively -abolish freedom of the press on the Internet.<a name="tex2html22" +abolish freedom of the press on the Internet.<a id="tex2html22" href="#foot110"><sup>12</sup></a></p> <p>Some European countries censor particular political views on the Internet. In the United States, people have been imprisoned as “terrorists” for running a web site which discussed -actions taken against experiments on animals.<a name="tex2html24" +actions taken against experiments on animals.<a id="tex2html24" href="#foot28"><sup>13</sup></a></p> <p>Another common excuse for censorship is the claim that @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Fiction revolted me, and I will try never to see such a thing again. But that does not justify censoring it; no matter how obscene a work may be, censorship is more so. A variant of this excuse is “protecting children,” which plays to the exaggerated and -mostly misplaced fears of parents.<a name="tex2html25" +mostly misplaced fears of parents.<a id="tex2html25" href="#foot111"><sup>14</sup></a></p> <p>Censorship is nothing new. What is new is the ease and @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ in 1960 achieved effective censorship by cutting its population off from the world, but that held back the country's development, which was painful for the regime as well as for the population. Today China uses digital technology to achieve effective political censorship -without cutting itself off in other ways.<a name="tex2html27" +without cutting itself off in other ways.<a id="tex2html27" href="#foot112"><sup>15</sup></a></p> <h3 id="control">SOFTWARE YOU CAN'T CONTROL</h3> @@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ means it must be <em>free software</em>, which I here call freedom, not price.</p> <p>A program is free/libre if it gives the user these four essential -freedoms:<a name="tex2html29" href="#foot113"><sup>16</sup></a></p> +freedoms:<a id="tex2html29" href="#foot113"><sup>16</sup></a></p> <ul> <li>0. Freedom to run the program as you wish.</li> @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ divided and helpless. Avoiding this injustice and giving users control over their computing requires the four freedoms. Freedoms 0 and 1 give you control over your own computing, and freedom 3 enables users to work together to jointly control their computing, while -freedom 2 means users are not kept divided.<a name="tex2html31" +freedom 2 means users are not kept divided.<a id="tex2html31" href="#foot114"><sup>17</sup></a></p> <p>Many argue that free/libre software is impossible on theoretical @@ -221,13 +221,13 @@ facts.</p> <p>We know that free software can be developed because so much of it exists. There are thousands of useful free -programs,<a name="tex2html34" href="#foot115"><sup>18</sup></a> and -millions of users<a name="tex2html36" +programs,<a id="tex2html34" href="#foot115"><sup>18</sup></a> and +millions of users<a id="tex2html36" href="#foot116"><sup>19</sup></a> run the -GNU/Linux<a name="tex2html38" +GNU/Linux<a id="tex2html38" href="#foot117"><sup>20</sup></a>operating system. Thousands of programmers write useful free software as -volunteers.<a name="tex2html40" href="#foot118"><sup>21</sup></a> +volunteers.<a id="tex2html40" href="#foot118"><sup>21</sup></a> Companies such as Red Hat, IBM, Oracle, and Google pay programmers to write free software. I do not know even approximately how many paid free software developers there are; studying the question would be @@ -245,13 +245,13 @@ believe that “reputable” developers will not use their power to mistreat you. The fact is that they do.</p> <p>Microsoft Windows has features to spy on the -user,<a name="tex2html43" href="#foot119"><sup>22</sup></a> Digital +user,<a id="tex2html43" href="#foot119"><sup>22</sup></a> Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) features designed to stop the user from -making full use of his own files,<a name="tex2html45" +making full use of his own files,<a id="tex2html45" href="#foot120"><sup>23</sup></a> and an all-purpose back door with which Microsoft can forcibly change the software in any way at any -time.<a name="tex2html47" href="#foot121"><sup>24</sup></a> Microsoft -can alter any software, not just its own.<a name="tex2html49" +time.<a id="tex2html47" href="#foot121"><sup>24</sup></a> Microsoft +can alter any software, not just its own.<a id="tex2html49" href="#foot122"><sup>25</sup></a> Cell phones tied to particular phone networks may give the network a similar back door. MacOS also has DRM features designed to restrict the user.</p> @@ -278,14 +278,14 @@ video in VC-1 format, whose specifications are available only under nondisclosure agreement from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers. (As of 2016 RAI seems to have shifted to a non-secret format.) Ironically, the SMPTE states this in a Word file, -which is not suitable to cite as a reference.<a name="tex2html51" +which is not suitable to cite as a reference.<a id="tex2html51" href="#foot123"><sup>26</sup></a> This standard has been partly decoded through reverse engineering.</p> <p>Most music distribution on the Internet uses the patented MP3 -format<a name="tex2html82" href="#foot137"><sup>42</sup></a>, and most +format<a id="tex2html82" href="#foot137"><sup>42</sup></a>, and most video uses patented MPEG-4 formats such as DIVX and H.264. VC-1 is -also patented.<a name="tex2html53" href="#foot124"><sup>27</sup></a> +also patented.<a id="tex2html53" href="#foot124"><sup>27</sup></a> Any software patent directly attacks every user's freedom to use her computer. Use of patented data formats is comparable to mandating that people use officially approved scribes rather than do their own @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ ever, forbidding the act of sharing.</p> any length they can get away with to wage the War on Sharing. In the US, the record companies' legal arm (the RIAA) regularly sues teenagers for hundreds of thousands of dollars, and one sharer was -fined almost two million.<a name="tex2html56" +fined almost two million.<a id="tex2html56" href="#foot125"><sup>28</sup></a> The French government recently passed a law (HADOPI) to abolish the principle of due process of law, by punishing Internet users with disconnection on the mere accusation @@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ were empowered to make such accusations; thus, this law meant to abolish Liberté, Egalité, and Fraternité with one blow. <span class="gnun-split"></span>The law was rejected as unconstitutional by the Constitutional -Council.<a name="tex2html58" href="#foot126"><sup>29</sup></a> (It was +Council.<a id="tex2html58" href="#foot126"><sup>29</sup></a> (It was subsequently changed, introducing a sham trial, to make it acceptable.) A similar law in New Zealand was withdrawn this year after public protests. The European Parliament recently voted against imposing @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ engaged in negotiating the “Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement.” The negotiations are secret, but Canada reluctantly published a list of suggestions it received from private parties, and HADOPI-style punishment without trial was one of -them.<a name="tex2html60" href="#foot127"><sup>30</sup></a> The +them.<a id="tex2html60" href="#foot127"><sup>30</sup></a> The suggestion is likely to have come from the copyright lobby, which has great influence in the US government and others, so the danger is not negligible. European officials may seek to use this treaty to @@ -439,9 +439,9 @@ it is. They call sharing “piracy,” equating helping your neighbor with attacking a ship.</p> <p>Public anger over these measures is growing, but it is held back by -propaganda. Terms such as “piracy,”<a name="tex2html62" +propaganda. Terms such as “piracy,”<a id="tex2html62" href="#foot128"><sup>31</sup></a> “protecting authors” and -“intellectual property,”<a name="tex2html64" +“intellectual property,”<a id="tex2html64" href="#foot129"><sup>32</sup></a> and claims that reading, viewing or listening to anything without paying is “theft,” have convinced many readers that their rights and interests do not count. @@ -462,10 +462,10 @@ wish to read a book, listen to a song, or watch a video. They could make people's copies disappear on a planned schedule. They could even make copies unreadable at will, if they have all-purpose back-doors such as found in Windows, or special features for the -purpose.<a name="tex2html66" href="#foot130"><sup>33</sup></a></p> +purpose.<a id="tex2html66" href="#foot130"><sup>33</sup></a></p> <p>Designing products and media to restrict the user is called Digital -Restrictions Management, or DRM.<a name="tex2html68" +Restrictions Management, or DRM.<a id="tex2html68" href="#foot66"><sup>34</sup></a> Its purpose is an injustice: to deny computer users what would otherwise be their legal rights in using their copies of published works. Its method is a second injustice, @@ -525,17 +525,17 @@ not justify these means. Fortunately, it does not require them either. Public sharing of copies tends to call attention to obscure or niche works: when Monty Python put its video files on the net for download, its sales increased by a factor of over -200.<a name="tex2html69" href="#foot131"><sup>35</sup></a> Meanwhile, +200.<a id="tex2html69" href="#foot131"><sup>35</sup></a> Meanwhile, digital technology also offers new ways to support the arts.</p> <h4 id="donations">Donations</h4> <p>The singer Jane Siberry offers her music for -download through her own web site, called <a name="tex2html71" +download through her own web site, called <a id="tex2html71" href="http://janesiberry.com">janesiberry.com</a> in 2010, allowing people to pay whatever amount they wish. The average price paid per song was earlier reported to be more than the $.99 that the major -record companies charge.<a name="tex2html72" +record companies charge.<a id="tex2html72" href="#foot132"><sup>36</sup></a></p> <p>Bestsellers also can still do well without stopping people from @@ -545,13 +545,13 @@ copies. Radiohead made millions in 2007 by inviting fans to copy an album and pay what they wished, while it was also shared on the Internet. In 2008, Nine Inch Nails released an album with permission to share copies and made 750,000 dollars in a few -days.<a name="tex2html74" href="#foot133"><sup>37</sup></a></p> +days.<a id="tex2html74" href="#foot133"><sup>37</sup></a></p> <p>Even hampered by today's inconvenient methods of sending money to artists, voluntary contributions from fans can support them. Kevin Kelly, former editor of Wired Magazine, estimates the artist need only find approximately 1,000 true fans in order to earn a living from -their support.<a name="tex2html76" +their support.<a id="tex2html76" href="#foot134"><sup>38</sup></a></p> <p>But when computer networks provide an easy anonymous method for @@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ inconvenience, and voluntary support for artists will soar.</p> <p>Another way to support the arts is with tax funds: perhaps with a special tax on blank media or Internet connectivity, or with general -revenue.<a name="tex2html78" href="#foot135"><sup>39</sup></a> If this +revenue.<a id="tex2html78" href="#foot135"><sup>39</sup></a> If this is to succeed in supporting artists, the state should distribute the tax money directly and entirely to them, and make sure it cannot under any pretext be taken from them by publishers such as record companies. @@ -603,10 +603,10 @@ everyone involved. Fortunately it appears not to be necessary to solve this problem, because people already put so much effort into developing free/libre functional works.</p> -<p>Francis Muguet<a name="tex2html80" href="#foot79"><sup>40</sup></a> +<p>Francis Muguet<a id="tex2html80" href="#foot79"><sup>40</sup></a> and I have developed a new proposal called the Mécénat Global (or Global Patronage) which combines the idea of tax-support -and voluntary payments.<a name="tex2html81" +and voluntary payments.<a id="tex2html81" href="#foot136"><sup>41</sup></a> Every Internet subscriber would pay a monthly fee to support certain arts that are shared on the Internet. Each user could optionally divide up to a certain maximum portion of @@ -726,9 +726,9 @@ introduced.</p> <dt id="foot102">… individuals.<a href="#tex2html5"><sup>3</sup></a></dt> <dd>See - <a -href="http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379"> -http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379</a>. + <!--<a Dead link as of 2021-01-30 +href="http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379">--> +http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379<!--</a>-->. </dd> <dt id="foot103">… groups<a @@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929</a>. href="#tex2html16"><sup>9</sup></a></dt> <dd>See <a - href="http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1">http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine?fp=16&fpid=1</a>. + href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918142631/https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine">https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine</a> (archived). </dd> <dt id="foot108">… list.<a @@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ https://web.archive.org/web/20160313214751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/ <dd>The standard in machine-readable form is only available to be “leased”; <a - href="http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf"> + href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423155515/http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf"> http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>. </dd> @@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:25:53 $ +$Date: 2021/01/31 17:25:34 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/dmarti-patent.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/dmarti-patent.html index 3f036dc..e7516fa 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/dmarti-patent.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/dmarti-patent.html @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fix its broken system, get someone to nominate you. <p> Last year, Acting Secretary of Commerce Robert L. Mallett appointed <a -href="https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/acting-commerce-secretary-robert-l-mallett-names-members-new-uspto-advisory">an initial +href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020233115/https://www.uspto.gov/about-us/news-updates/acting-commerce-secretary-robert-l-mallett-names-members-new-uspto-advisory">an initial complement of nine</a> to the committee: six lawyers, two patent-holding inventors and two professors. (One of the professors is a professor of law, so it adds up to nine, if you're counting.) None are patent reform @@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ medium, provided this notice is preserved. <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/03/07 13:40:22 $ +$Date: 2020/12/26 14:28:40 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/eldred-amicus.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/eldred-amicus.html index 952357a..107f3eb 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/eldred-amicus.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/eldred-amicus.html @@ -83,39 +83,39 @@ copyrights by <i>seriatim</i> adoption of nominally <!--Table of Contents--> <ul> -<li><a name="tex2html16" +<li><a id="tex2html16" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION01000000000000000000">Question Presented</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html17" +<li><a id="tex2html17" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION02000000000000000000">Contents</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html18" +<li><a id="tex2html18" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION03000000000000000000">Table of Authorities</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html19" +<li><a id="tex2html19" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION04000000000000000000">Interest of <i>Amicus Curiae</i></a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html20" +<li><a id="tex2html20" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION05000000000000000000">Summary of Argument</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html21" +<li><a id="tex2html21" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06000000000000000000">Argument</a> <ul> -<li><a name="tex2html22" +<li><a id="tex2html22" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06010000000000000000">The Framers Intended Copyright to Be a Statutory Monopoly Awarded to Works of Authorship For A Strictly Limited Time</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html23" +<li><a id="tex2html23" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06020000000000000000">The Historical Policy Embodied in the Copyright Clause is Absolutely Essential to Reconcile the Copyright Monopoly with the System of Free Expression</a> <ul> -<li><a name="tex2html24" +<li><a id="tex2html24" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06021000000000000000">Indefinite Extension of the Term of Monopoly on Existing Works of Authorship is Incompatible with Both the Copyright Clause and the First Amendment</a></li> -<li><a name="tex2html25" +<li><a id="tex2html25" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06022000000000000000">The Fifth Amendment Prohibits Legislative Action Such as This With Respect to Physical Property Rights, and There Is No Constitutional @@ -123,13 +123,13 @@ copyrights by <i>seriatim</i> adoption of nominally to be Done with Free Expression</a></li> </ul> </li> -<li><a name="tex2html26" +<li><a id="tex2html26" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION06030000000000000000">Particular Dangers of Abuse and Corruption Justify Strict Constitutional Scrutiny When the Term of Statutory Monopolies is Extended</a></li> </ul> </li> -<li><a name="tex2html27" +<li><a id="tex2html27" href="eldred-amicus.html#SECTION07000000000000000000">Conclusion</a></li> </ul> <!--End of Table of Contents--> @@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ Curiae</i></h3> <p> This brief is filed on behalf of the Free Software Foundation, a charitable corporation with its main offices in Boston, -Massachusetts.<a name="tex2html1" +Massachusetts.<a id="tex2html1" href="#foot151"><strong>[1]</strong></a> The Foundation believes that people should be free to study, share and improve all the software they use, as they are free to share and improve all the recipes they @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ The Framers of the Constitution unanimously accepted the idea of the limited term for copyrights in the drafting of Article I, without substantial discussion. <i>See</i> 2 Max Farrand, <i>The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787</i>, at 321-325, 505-510, 570, 595 -(1937).<a name="tex2html2" href="#foot152"><strong>[2]</strong></a> In +(1937).<a id="tex2html2" href="#foot152"><strong>[2]</strong></a> In doing so, as the subsequent employment in the Copyright Act of 1790 of the term of years from the Statute of Monopolies shows, the Framers and the First Congress acted in full awareness of the long history of @@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ increase the benefit to the monopolists, whose works have already been created in reliance on the previous allocation of rights, neither promotes the progress of knowledge nor respects the critically-important free speech interest in the health of the public -domain.<a name="tex2html3" +domain.<a id="tex2html3" href="#foot138"><strong>[3]</strong></a></p> <p> @@ -799,20 +799,20 @@ Counsel for <i>Amicus Curiae</i> <hr /> <ul> -<li><a name="foot151" href="#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a> Counsel for +<li><a id="foot151" href="#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a> Counsel for both parties have consented to the filing of this brief, and those consents have been filed with the Clerk of this Court. No counsel for either party had any role in authoring this brief, and no person other than the <i>amicus</i> and its counsel made any monetary contribution to its preparation and submission.</li> -<li><a name="foot152" href="#tex2html2"><sup>2</sup></a> The only +<li><a id="foot152" href="#tex2html2"><sup>2</sup></a> The only amendment made was in the replacement of the phrase originally suggested by Charles Pinckney of South Carolina, that monopolies be granted for a “certain” time. <i>See</i> 3 <i>id.</i>, at 122.</li> -<li><a name="foot138" href="#tex2html3"><sup>3</sup></a> The Court of +<li><a id="foot138" href="#tex2html3"><sup>3</sup></a> The Court of Appeals minimized the importance of the impoverishment of the public domain when it maintained that “[p]reserving access to works that would otherwise disappear—not enter the public domain but @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ notice, and the copyright notice, are preserved.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2015/05/29 07:59:56 $ +$Date: 2020/12/08 22:02:36 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-even-more-important.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-even-more-important.html index ca33d7c..8b6d676 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-even-more-important.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-even-more-important.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 --> <title>Free Software Is Even More Important Now - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.translist" --> @@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free <div class="announcement"> <p> -<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software movement</a> +<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software +movement</a> </p> </div> <hr class="thin" /> @@ -33,17 +34,17 @@ and community, we call it “free software.”</p> <p>We also sometimes call it “libre software” to emphasize that we're talking about liberty, not price. Some proprietary (nonfree) programs, such as Photoshop, are very expensive; others, -such as Flash Player, are available gratis—but that's a minor +such as the Uber app, are available gratis—but that's a minor detail. Either way, they give the program's developer power over the users, power that no one should have.</p> <p>Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are both <em>malware</em>. That is, both have functionalities designed to mistreat the user. Proprietary software nowadays is often malware -because <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">the developers' power -corrupts them</a>. That directory lists around 450 different -malicious functionalities (as of January, 2020), but it is surely just the -tip of the iceberg.</p> +because <a href="/malware">the developers' power +corrupts them</a>. That directory lists around 500 different +malicious functionalities (as of January, 2021), but it is surely just +the tip of the iceberg.</p> <p>With free software, the users control the program, both individually and collectively. So they control what their computers do (assuming @@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ and do what the users' programs tell them to do).</p> <p>With proprietary software, the program controls the users, and some other entity (the developer or “owner”) controls the program. So the proprietary program gives its developer power over -its users. That is unjust in itself; moreover, it tempts the developer to -mistreat the users in other ways.</p> +its users. That is unjust in itself; moreover, it tempts the developer +to mistreat the users in other ways.</p> <p>Even when proprietary software isn't downright malicious, its developers have an incentive to make it @@ -76,7 +77,8 @@ something important in your life.</p> </p> <div class="important"> -<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever purpose.</p> +<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever +purpose.</p> <p>(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code”, and change it, so the program does your computing as you wish. @@ -109,15 +111,15 @@ program. With all four freedoms, the users fully control the program. If any of them is missing or inadequate, the program is proprietary (nonfree), and unjust.</p> -<p>Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, including -recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, reference -works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for displaying -paragraphs of text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people to build, -and patterns for making useful (not merely decorative) objects with a -3D printer. Since these are not software, the free software movement -strictly speaking doesn't cover them; but the same reasoning applies -and leads to the same conclusion: these works should carry the four -freedoms.</p> +<p>Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, +including recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, +reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for +displaying paragraphs of text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people +to build, and patterns for making useful (not merely decorative) +objects with a 3D printer. Since these are not software, the free +software movement strictly speaking doesn't cover them; but the same +reasoning applies and leads to the same conclusion: these works should +carry the four freedoms.</p> <p>A free program allows you to tinker with it to make it do what you want (or cease to do something you dislike). Tinkering with software @@ -136,21 +138,21 @@ program—and through it, exercises power over its users. A nonfree program is a yoke, an instrument of unjust power.</p> <p>In outrageous cases (though this outrage has become quite usual) <a -href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">proprietary programs are designed +href="/malware">proprietary programs are designed to spy on the users, restrict them, censor them, and abuse them</a>. For instance, the operating system of Apple <a -href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">iThings</a> does all of these, -and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips. Windows, mobile -phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include a universal back -door that allows some company to change the program remotely without -asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door that can erase -books.</p> +href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">iThings</a> does all +of these, and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips. +Windows, mobile phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include +a universal back door that allows some company to change the program +remotely without asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door +that can erase books.</p> <p>The use of nonfree software in the “internet of things” -would turn it into -the <a href="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806">“internet -of telemarketers”</a> as well as the “internet of -snoopers”.</p> +would turn it into the <a +href="https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html"> +“internet of telemarketers”</a> as well as the +“internet of snoopers”.</p> <p>With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free software movement develops free programs so users can free themselves. @@ -159,12 +161,12 @@ href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers run GNU, mainly in the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux combination</a>.</p> -<p>Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those users; -however, choosing not to distribute the program does not mistreat -anyone. If you write a program and use it privately, that does no -wrong to others. (You do miss an opportunity to do good, but that's -not the same as doing wrong.) Thus, when we say all software must -be free, we mean that every copy must come with the four freedoms, +<p>Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those +users; however, choosing not to distribute the program does not +mistreat anyone. If you write a program and use it privately, that +does no wrong to others. (You do miss an opportunity to do good, but +that's not the same as doing wrong.) Thus, when we say all software +must be free, we mean that every copy must come with the four freedoms, but we don't mean that someone has an obligation to offer you a copy.</p> <h3>Nonfree Software and SaaSS</h3> @@ -174,12 +176,12 @@ people's computing. Nowadays, there is another way, called Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS. That means letting someone else's server do your own computing tasks.</p> -<p>SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though they -often are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as using a -nonfree program: they are two paths to the same bad place. Take the -example of a SaaSS translation service: The user sends text to the -server, and the server translates it (from English to Spanish, say) -and sends the translation back to the user. Now the job of +<p>SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though +they often are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as +using a nonfree program: they are two paths to the same bad place. +Take the example of a SaaSS translation service: The user sends text +to the server, and the server translates it (from English to Spanish, +say) and sends the translation back to the user. Now the job of translating is under the control of the server operator rather than the user.</p> @@ -191,12 +193,12 @@ does that server really serve, after all?</a></p> <h3>Primary And Secondary Injustices</h3> -<p>When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do wrong -to yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you. For -your own sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you make a -promise not to share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a lesser -evil to break it; to be truly upright, you should not make the promise -at all.</p> +<p>When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do +wrong to yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you. +For your own sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you +make a promise not to share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a +lesser evil to break it; to be truly upright, you should not make the +promise at all.</p> <p>There are cases where using nonfree software puts pressure directly on others to do likewise. Skype is a clear example: when one person @@ -262,9 +264,9 @@ engineer it.”</p> <p>Proprietary developers would have us punish students who are good enough at heart to share software and thwart those curious enough to -want to change it. This means a bad education. See -<a href="/education/">http://www.gnu.org/education/</a> -for more discussion of the use of free software in schools.</p> +want to change it. This means a bad education. See more discussion +about <a href="/education/education.html">the use of free software in +schools</a>.</p> <h3>Free Software: More Than “Advantages”</h3> @@ -297,13 +299,26 @@ does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or change it.</p> <h3>Conclusion</h3> -<p>We deserve to have control of our own computing; how can we win -this control? By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own -or regularly use, and rejecting SaaSS. By <a +<p>We deserve to have control of our own computing. How can we win +this control?</p> + +<ul> + <li>By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own or +regularly use, and rejecting SaaSS.</li> + + <li>By <a href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> developing free -software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.) By refusing to -develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS. By <a -href="/help/help.html">spreading these ideas to others</a>.</p> +software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.)</li> + + <li>By refusing to develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS.</li> + + <li>By <a +href="/help/help.html">spreading these ideas to others</a>.</li> + + <li>By <a +href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">saying no and stating our +reasons</a> when we are invited to run a nonfree program.</li> +</ul> <p>We and thousands of users have done this since 1984, which is how we now have the free GNU/Linux operating system that @@ -357,7 +372,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -367,7 +382,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:29 $ +$Date: 2021/03/10 15:06:21 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-for-freedom.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-for-freedom.html index e58f8d4..269ece3 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-for-freedom.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-for-freedom.html @@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016 Free Software Foundation, +<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" @@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2016/11/18 06:31:39 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-rocket.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-rocket.html index f4663a6..6b58f45 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-rocket.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-software-rocket.html @@ -17,21 +17,23 @@ answering that question may illuminate similar issues about the sorts of products people really buy today.</p> <p>As far as I know, software as such is not capable of generating -thrust. A rocket is necessarily principally a physical device. But -it may include computerized control and telemetry systems, and thus -software.</p> +thrust. A rocket is necessarily principally a physical device, so it +can't literally <em>be</em> free software. But it may include +computerized control and telemetry systems, and thus software.</p> <p>If someone offered to sell me a rocket, I would treat it like any other appliance. Consider, for instance, a thermostat. If it contains software to be modified, all the software in it needs to be -free. If, however, the software in it need not ever be altered, and -it communicates <em>only</em> through some limited interface, such as buttons -on the control panel, a TV remote control, or a USB interface with a -fixed set of commands, I would not consider it crucial to know what is inside -the thermostat: whether it contains a special-purpose chip, or a -processor running code, makes no direct difference to me as user. If -it does contain code, it might as well have a special chip instead, so -I don't need to care which it is.</p> +free, and I alone should have the authority to decide whether to +install some change. If, however, the software in it is not meant +ever to be altered, and it communicates <em>only</em> through some +limited interface, such as buttons on the control panel, a TV remote +control, or a USB interface with a fixed set of commands, I would not +consider it crucial to know what is inside the thermostat: whether it +contains a special-purpose chip, or a processor running code, makes no +direct difference to me as user. If it does contain code, it might as +well have a special chip instead, so I don't need to care which it +is.</p> <p>I would object if that thermostat sent someone data about my activities, regardless of how that was implemented. Once again, @@ -47,14 +49,20 @@ makes it possible for people who have bought the rockets to work on improving the software in them, though the irreversible nature of many rocket failures may discourage tinkering.</p> +<p>Readers have pointed out that SpaceX has +received <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/18/18683455/nasa-space-angels-contracts-government-investment-spacex-air-force">important +financial support from the US government</a> to develop its rockets. +By rights, accepting this support should require SpaceX to release the +rocket software under a free license, even if it uses that software +only inside its own rockets.</p> + <p>Given the experience of Tesla cars, which are full of surveillance and tracking malware that Tesla can change but the owner can't, I suppose SpaceX rockets have that too. If someday rockets are sold like today's -cars and tractors, proprietary software in them would be unjust -(<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"> -https://gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>), -and it would probably be malware (<a href="/malware/malware.html"> -https://gnu.org/malware/</a>). If the +cars and tractors, <a +href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">software in +them would be unjust</a>, and it would <a +href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">probably be malware</a>. If the manufacturer could install modified software in it but the owner could not, that too would be unjust. People are starting to recognize this: look at the right-to-repair movement, which demands only the beginning @@ -80,10 +88,16 @@ does not mean “absolutely” or “100%”), so the instructions for the job are simple (take these boxes to address A by date D).</p> -<p>But there is one kind of activity which should never be treated as a -service: private computational activity. That's because a private -computational activity is exactly what you could do on your own -computer in freedom, given suitable free software.</p> +<p>If SpaceX has released the rocket software under a free license, +that would give you the right to make, use and distribute modified +versions, but would not give you the right to modify the code running +in SpaceX's rocket.</p> + +<p>But there is a kind of activity which a hypothetical future +spaceship might do, which should never be treated as a service: private +computational activity. That's because a private computational +activity is exactly what you could do on your own computer in freedom, +given suitable free software.</p> <p>When a program's task is to do computing for you, you are entitled to demand control over what it does and how, not just that it obey your @@ -98,9 +112,8 @@ control. Even things as minutely directed by the user as text editing! This is a scheme to get you to substitute their power for your freedom. We call that “Service as a Software Substitute”, SaaSS for short (see -<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> -https://gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a>), -and we reject it.</p> +“<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Who +does that server really serve?</a>”), and we reject it.</p> <p>For instance, imagine a hypothetical SpaceX Smart Spaceship, which as a “service” wants to know all about your business so SpaceX servers @@ -172,7 +185,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/09 11:36:53 $ +$Date: 2020/11/14 16:23:28 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-sw.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-sw.html index 728eef1..fa1541f 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-sw.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/free-sw.html @@ -109,26 +109,50 @@ are free. However, if we plan to modify A so that it doesn't use B, only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to that plan.</p> <p> -“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free -program must be available for commercial use, commercial development, -and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software -is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important. -You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have -obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies, -you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to -<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>. +“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. +On the contrary, a free program must be available for commercial use, +commercial development, and commercial distribution. This policy is +of fundamental importance—without this, free software could not +achieve its aims. </p> <p> -A free program must offer the four freedoms to any user that obtains a -copy of the software, provided the user has complied thus far with the -conditions of the free license covering the software. Putting some of -the freedoms off limits to some users, or requiring that users pay, in -money or in kind, to exercise them, is tantamount to not granting the -freedoms in question, and thus renders the program nonfree. +We want to invite everyone to use the GNU system, including businesses +and their workers. That requires allowing commercial use. We hope +that free replacement programs will supplant comparable proprietary +programs, but they can't do that if businesses are forbidden to use +them. We want commercial products that contain software to include +the GNU system, and that would constitute commercial distribution for +a price. Commercial development of free software is no longer +unusual; such free commercial software is very important. Paid, +professional support for free software fills an important need. </p> -<h3>Clarifying the line at various points</h3> +<p> +Thus, to exclude commercial use, commercial development or commercial +distribution would hobble the free software community and obstruct its +path to success. We must conclude that a program licensed with such +restrictions does not qualify as free software. +</p> + +<p> +A free program must offer the four freedoms to any would-be user that +obtains a copy of the software, who has complied thus far with the +conditions of the free license covering the software in any previous +distribution of it. Putting some of the freedoms off limits to some +users, or requiring that users pay, in money or in kind, to exercise +them, is tantamount to not granting the freedoms in question, and thus +renders the program nonfree. +</p> + +<p> +You may have paid money to get copies of a free program, or you may +have obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your +copies, you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, +even to <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>. +</p> + +<h3>Clarifying the boundary between free and nonfree</h3> <p>In the rest of this article we explain more precisely how far the various freedoms need to extend, on various issues, in order for a @@ -163,6 +187,10 @@ loss of usefulness, because freedoms 1 and 3 permit users and communities to make and distribute modified versions without the arbitrary nuisance code.</p> +<p>“As you wish” includes, optionally, “not at +all” if that is what you wish. So there is no need for a +separate “freedom not to run a program.”</p> + <h4>The freedom to study the source code and make changes</h4> <p> @@ -199,6 +227,12 @@ If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free. </p> +<p> +One special case of freedom 1 is to delete the program's code so it +returns after doing nothing, or make it invoke some other program. +Thus, freedom 1 includes the “freedom to delete the program.” +</p> + <h4>The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements</h4> <p>Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to @@ -460,6 +494,12 @@ was changed.</p> <ul> +<li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.168&r2=1.169">Version +1.169</a>: Explain more clearly why the four freedoms must apply +to commercial activity. Explain why the four freedoms imply the +freedom not to run the program and the freedom to delete it, so there +is no need to state those as separate requirements.</li> + <li><a href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.164&r2=1.165">Version 1.165</a>: Clarify that arbitrary annoyances in the code do not negate freedom 0, and that freedoms 1 and 3 enable users to remove them.</li> @@ -642,7 +682,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019 +<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2019, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" @@ -653,7 +693,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2019/07/30 10:09:02 $ +$Date: 2021/02/03 12:31:45 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/freedom-or-power.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/freedom-or-power.html index ec67828..a0dcc32 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/freedom-or-power.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/freedom-or-power.html @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Mass.: MIT Press, 1995), p. 111, as quoted by Lawrence Lessig in Basic Books, 2006), p. 5. <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2001, 2009, 2020 Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman</p> <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ without royalty in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:06 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-linux-faq.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-linux-faq.html index d338e82..5d36592 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-linux-faq.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-linux-faq.html @@ -1,19 +1,25 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.91 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>GNU/Linux FAQ - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> -<h2>GNU/Linux FAQ by Richard Stallman</h2> +<h2 class="c">GNU/Linux FAQ</h2> +<address class="byline c">by Richard Stallman</address> + +<div class="reduced-width"> +<hr class="no-display" /> <div class="announcement"> - <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read +<p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, our page on <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a> and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU -Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.</p></blockquote> +Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.</p> </div> +<hr class="thin" /> +<div class="article"> <p> When people see that we use and recommend the name GNU/Linux for a system that many others call just “Linux”, they ask many questions. @@ -279,6 +285,7 @@ is needed for the system to be GNU/Linux?</a></li> get more of their support by a different road?</a></li> </ul> +<hr class="thin" /> <dl> @@ -1623,10 +1630,12 @@ We hope that you are one of those for whom right and wrong do matter.</p> </dd> </dl> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -1644,13 +1653,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -1671,7 +1680,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 +<p>Copyright © 2001, 2006-2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014-2018, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" @@ -1682,7 +1691,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/05/04 07:34:37 $ +$Date: 2021/04/07 17:55:36 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-structure.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-structure.html index f2416d8..a62fb01 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-structure.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-structure.html @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ <address class="byline">by Brandon Invergo and Richard Stallman</address> -<p class="big"><strong>Version 1.0.1</strong></p> +<p><strong>Version 1.0.1</strong></p> <div class="announcement"> <p>An <a href="/gnu/gnu-structure.org">Org version</a> of this @@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:10 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:07:59 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html index 57ca4fb..b09348a 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html @@ -1,21 +1,26 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> -<h2>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</h2> +<h2 class="c">GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</h2> -<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></strong></p> +<address class="byline c">by <a +href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></address> +<div class="reduced-width"> +<hr class="no-display" /> <div class="announcement"> - <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read +<p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a> and our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>. -</p></blockquote> +</p> </div> +<hr class="thin" /> +<div class="article"> <p>Most people have never heard of GNU. Even most of the people who use the GNU system have never heard of GNU, since so many people and companies teach them to call it “Linux”. Indeed, GNU @@ -55,10 +60,12 @@ free software takes a totally practical (and thus amoral) approach. When we ask you to call the system “GNU/Linux”, we are asking you to help in making the public aware of the free software ideals.</p> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -76,13 +83,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -103,7 +110,8 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2006, 2007, 2013-2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 Free Software +Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -113,7 +121,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2019/03/22 00:25:52 $ +$Date: 2021/04/07 17:55:36 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html index acea076..7536ed7 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ <div id="dynamic-duo"> <p><strong>Download distributions</strong></p> <p><a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> -<img src="/graphics/gnu-and-penguin-color-300x276.jpg" alt="GNU and Linux" /></a></p> +<img src="/graphics/gnu-and-penguin-color-300x276.jpg" alt=" [GNU and Linux] " /></a></p> <p><em>If you're looking for a whole system to install, see our <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">list of GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free software</a>.</em></p> @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ apparently he had not yet started to put those two words together.</p> </ul> -<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU and Linux</h3> +<h3 id="gnulinux">GNU and Linux</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">The relationship between GNU @@ -104,16 +104,16 @@ apparently he had not yet started to put those two words together.</p> </ul> -<h3><a id="misc"></a>Other GNU-related resources</h3> +<h3 id="misc">Other GNU-related resources</h3> <ul> <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li> </ul> -<h3><a id="elsewhere"></a>GNU elsewhere</h3> +<h3 id="elsewhere">GNU elsewhere</h3> -<h4><a id="asteroid"></a>(9965) GNU</h4> +<h4 id="asteroid">(9965) GNU</h4> <p>Main-belt asteroid <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9965">(9965) @@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/05/06 01:00:42 $ +$Date: 2020/12/08 12:04:08 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/government-free-software.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/government-free-software.html index 7788f93..1d3f465 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/government-free-software.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/government-free-software.html @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Laws and public sector practices must be changed so that they never require or pressure individuals or organizations to use a nonfree program. They should also discourage communication and publication practices that imply such consequences (including -<a href="http://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm">Digital +<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/what_is_drm_digital_restrictions_management">Digital Restrictions Management</a>).</p></li> <li><p><b>Distribute only free software</b><br /> @@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +$Date: 2020/12/26 14:55:25 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/hackathons.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/hackathons.html index e75a375..e93f8c1 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/hackathons.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/hackathons.html @@ -1,10 +1,14 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>Hackathons should insist on free software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hackathons.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<div class="reduced-width"> <h2>Why hackathons should insist on free software</h2> +<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address> +<div class="thin"></div> <p>Hackathons are an accepted method of giving community support to digital development projects. The community invites developers to @@ -40,7 +44,8 @@ spirit that they are based on.</p> <p>Some perverse hackathons are specifically dedicated to aiding the computing of certain companies: in some cases, <a -href="https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en">European</a> and <a +href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122185507/https://www.beyondhackathon.com/en"> +European</a> and <a href="http://www.hackathon.io/rbc-digital">Canadian banks</a>, and <a href="http://expediaconnectivity.com/blog#madrid-hackathon-winners"> Expedia</a>. While they don't explicitly say, the announcements give the @@ -97,10 +102,11 @@ href="/education/edu-schools.html">free software supports the spirit of education, while proprietary software opposes it</a>. Schools should insist that all their software development be free software, including that of hackathons they support.</p> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -118,13 +124,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2017 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -155,7 +161,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2017/09/13 18:59:48 $ +$Date: 2021/03/27 12:56:20 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/install-fest-devil.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/install-fest-devil.html index 730ea38..366c2a6 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/install-fest-devil.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/install-fest-devil.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.87 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 --> <title>Install Fests - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/install-fest-devil.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> @@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ LibrePlanet March 23/24 2019</a></p></blockquote> <p>Install fests invite users to bring their computers so that experts -can install GNU/Linux on them. This is meant to promote the idea of -free software as well as the use of free software. In practice, these -two goals conflict: users that want to reject nonfree software -entirely need to choose their computers carefully to achieve that -goal.</p> +can install GNU/Linux on them. This is meant to promote the +<em>idea</em> of free software as well as the <em>use</em> of free +software. In today's circumstances, where nonfree software dominates, +these two goals conflict: users that want to reject nonfree software +entirely need to choose their computers carefully to achieve that goal.</p> <p>The problem is that most computers can't run with a completely free GNU/Linux distro. They contain peripherals, or coprocessors, that @@ -40,11 +40,12 @@ free software movement's message about freedom and justice</a>.</p> <p>The nonfree software means the user sacrifices freedom for functionality. If users had to wrestle with this choice, they could draw a moral lesson from it, and maybe get a better computer later. -But when the install fest makes the compromise on the user's behalf, -it shelters the user from the moral dimension; the user never sees -that something other than convenience is at stake. In effect, the -install fest makes the deal with the devil, on the user's behalf, -behind a curtain so the user doesn't recognize that it is one.</p> +But when the install fest makes the <a href="/philosophy/compromise.html"> +compromise</a> on the user's behalf, it shelters the user from the +moral dimension; the user never sees that something other than +convenience is at stake. In effect, the install fest makes the deal +with the devil, on the user's behalf, behind a curtain so the user +doesn't recognize that it is one.</p> <p>I propose that the install fest show users exactly what deal they are making. Let them talk with the devil individually, learn the deal's @@ -56,10 +57,11 @@ moral example of rejecting nonfree software.</p> <p>My new idea is that the install fest could allow the devil to hang around, off in a corner of the hall, or the next room. (Actually, a -human being wearing sign saying “The Devil,” and maybe a toy mask or -horns.) The devil would offer to install nonfree drivers in the -user's machine to make more parts of the computer function, explaining -to the user that the cost of this is using a nonfree (unjust) program.</p> +human being wearing sign saying “The Devil,” and maybe a +toy mask or horns.) The devil would offer to install nonfree drivers +in the user's machine to make more parts of the computer function, +explaining to the user that the cost of this is using a nonfree +(unjust) program.</p> <p>The install fest would tolerate the devil's presence but not officially sponsor the devil, or publicize the devil's availability. @@ -117,8 +119,9 @@ devil, I think that an explicit devil would be less bad. It would convert the install-fest dilemma from a debilitating contradiction into a teaching experience. Users would be able to get, if they insist, the nonfree drivers to make their peripherals run, then use -GNU/Linux knowing that there is a further step toward freedom that -they should take.</p> +GNU/Linux knowing that there is <a +href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">a further step toward +freedom</a> that they should take.</p> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> @@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -177,7 +180,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2019/03/21 17:00:59 $ +$Date: 2020/10/24 06:33:52 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html index f7ab401..6aafacf 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 --> <title>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.translist" --> @@ -7,11 +7,26 @@ <h2>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</h2> -<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard -Stallman</strong></a></p> +<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address> -<p>If you run a nonfree program on your computer, it denies your freedom; -the immediate wrong is directed at you.(<a href="#footnote">*</a>)</p> +<p>The question here is, is it ever a good thing to use a nonfree +program? Our conclusion is that it is usually a bad thing, +harmful to yourself and in some cases to others.</p> + +<p>If you run a nonfree program on your computer, it denies your +freedom; the immediate wrong is directed at +you.(<a href="#footnote">*</a>)</p> + +<p>That does <em>not</em> mean you're an “evildoer” or +“sinner” for running a nonfree program. When the harm +you're doing is mainly to yourself, we hope you will stop, for your +own sake.</p> + +<p>Sometimes you may face great pressure to run a nonfree program; we +don't say you must defy that pressure at all costs (though it is +inspiring when someone does that), but we do urge you +to <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> look for occasions +to where you can refuse, even in small ways</a>.</p> <p>If you recommend that others run the nonfree program, or lead them to do so, you're leading them to give @@ -26,6 +41,8 @@ even urging others to use it, can be a positive thing. That's when the use of the nonfree software aims directly at putting an end to the use of that very same nonfree software.</p> +<h3>In the past</h3> + <p>In 1983 I decided to develop the GNU operating system, as a free replacement for Unix. The feasible way to do it was to write and test the components one by one on Unix. But was it legitimate to use Unix @@ -52,6 +69,8 @@ more. Thus, whenever you're using a nonfree program for this sort of reason, you should reconsider from time to time whether the need still exists.</p> +<h3>Nowadays</h3> + <p>However, there are other nonfree programs we still need to replace, and the analogous question often arises. Should you run the nonfree driver for a peripheral to help you develop a free replacement driver? @@ -91,7 +110,7 @@ limits, and crucial for the progress of free software, but we must resist stretching it any further lest it turn into an all-purpose excuse for any profitable activity with nonfree software.</p> -<hr /> +<h3>Author's note</h3> <p>Occasionally it is necessary to use and even upgrade a nonfree system on a machine in order to install a free system to replace it on @@ -99,17 +118,18 @@ that machine. This is not exactly the same issue, but the same arguments apply: it is legitimate to recommend running some nonfree software momentarily in order to remove it.</p> - <hr /> -<p id="footnote">Footnote: Using the nonfree program can have -unfortunate indirect effects, such as rewarding the perpetrator and -encouraging more use of that program. This is a further reason to -shun use of nonfree programs.</p> +<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3> + +<p><a href="#footnote-rev" id="footnote">[*]</a> Using the nonfree +program can have unfortunate indirect effects, such as rewarding the +perpetrator and encouraging more use of that program. This is a +further reason to shun use of nonfree programs.</p> <p>Most proprietary programs come with an End User License Agreement that hardly anyone reads. Tucked away in it, in most cases, is an -unethical commitment to behave like an uncooperative, bad neighbor. +unethical commitment to behave like an uncooperative, bad neighbor. It claims you promised not to distribute copies to others, or even lend someone a copy.</p> @@ -168,7 +188,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -178,7 +198,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2017/08/27 14:56:06 $ +$Date: 2020/12/17 21:16:07 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/kind-communication.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/kind-communication.html index 3bcedda..368d864 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/kind-communication.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/kind-communication.html @@ -149,15 +149,17 @@ friendlier and reach conclusions more easily.</p> <ol> <li id="f1"> <p>Honoring people's preferences about gender identity includes - not referring to them in ways that conflict with that identity. - For instance, not to use pronouns for them that conflict with it. - There are several ways to avoid that; one way is to use - gender-neutral pronouns, since they don't conflict with any - possible gender identity. One choice is singular use of - “they,” “them” and “their.” - Another choice uses the gender-neutral singular pronouns, - “person,” “per” and “pers,” - which are used in + not referring to them in ways that conflict with that identity, + and using specific pronouns for it when those exist. If you + know someone wishes to be considered male, it is best to use + the masculine pronouns for him. If you know someone wishes to + be considered female, it is best to use the feminine pronouns + for her. Otherwise, use gender-neutral pronouns, since at + least they don't conflict with anyone's gender identity. One + choice is singular use of “they,” + “them” and “their.” Another choice uses + the gender-neutral singular pronouns, “person,” + “per” and “pers,” which are used in <a href="/prep/maintain/maintain.html#About-This-Document"> Information for Maintainers of GNU Software</a>. Other gender-neutral pronouns have also been used in English. @@ -213,7 +215,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" @@ -224,7 +226,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:33 $ +$Date: 2021/04/04 00:47:32 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/latest-articles.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/latest-articles.html deleted file mode 100644 index ce7a5fe..0000000 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/latest-articles.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,130 +0,0 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.85 --> -<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> - -<title>Latest Articles -- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> - -<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/latest-articles.translist" --> -<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> - -<div id="education-content"> - -<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/philosophy-menu.html" --> - -</div> <!-- id="education-content" --> -<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> -<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" --><!--#else --> -<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" --> -<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="no" --> -<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> -<!--#endif --> -<!--#endif --> -<h2>Philosophy of the GNU Project — Latest Articles</h2> - -<p>Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free -software and the GNU project.</p> - -<ul> -<li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-rocket.html">Should Rockets - Have Only Free Software? Free Software and Appliances</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">Saying No to unjust - computing even once is help</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/posting-videos.html">Posting Videos</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/install-fest-devil.html">Install Fests: - What to Do about the Deal with the Devil</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/upgrade-windows.html">What Is the Right Way to - Upgrade an Installation of Windows?</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.html">Anonymous - Payment by Phone</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/kind-communication.html">GNU Kind - Communications Guidelines</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.html">Surveillance - Testimony</a></li> - <li><a href="/licenses/identify-licenses-clearly.html"> - For Clarity's Sake, Please Don't Say “Licensed under GNU GPL 2”!</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/devils-advocate.html"> - Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/hackathons.html"> - Why Hackathons Should Insist on Free Software</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/contradictory-support.html"> - Beware of Contradictory “Support”</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/when-free-depends-on-nonfree.html"> - When Free Software Depends on Nonfree</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/applying-free-sw-criteria.html"> - Applying the Free Software Criteria</a></li> - <li><a href="/philosophy/komongistan.html">The Curious History of - Komongistan (Busting the term “intellectual property”)</a></li> -<li><a href="/philosophy/free-hardware-designs.html"> - Free Hardware and Free Hardware Designs</a></li> -<li><a href="/philosophy/loyal-computers.html"> - What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</a></li> -</ul> - -</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> -<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> -<div class="unprintable"> - -<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to -<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. -There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> -the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent -to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> - -<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, - replace it with the translation of these two: - - We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality - translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. - Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard - to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> - <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of - our web pages, see <a - href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations - README</a>. --> -Please see the <a -href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations -of this article.</p> -</div> - -<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to - files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this - without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. - Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the - document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the - document was modified, or published. - - If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. - Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying - years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable - year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including - being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). - - There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers - Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> - -<p> -Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, -2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 -Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> - -<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> - -<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> - -<p class="unprintable">Updated: -<!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/05 18:34:34 $ -<!-- timestamp end --> -</p> -</div> -</div> -</body> -</html> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/lessig-fsfs-intro.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/lessig-fsfs-intro.html index 80a8ee4..9d7126d 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/lessig-fsfs-intro.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/lessig-fsfs-intro.html @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ fight to create this freedom. </p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">Learn more about +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Learn more about <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2002, 2013, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2002, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/linux-and-gnu.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/linux-and-gnu.html index ca45253..ec2e46a 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/linux-and-gnu.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/linux-and-gnu.html @@ -1,22 +1,26 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd" /> <meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they use." /> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> -<h2>Linux and the GNU System</h2> +<h2 class="c">Linux and the GNU System</h2> -<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></strong></p> +<address class="byline c">by <a +href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></address> +<div class="reduced-width"> +<hr class="no-display" /> <div class="announcement"> - <blockquote><p>For more information see also +<p>For more information see also the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, and <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a></p> - </blockquote> </div> +<hr class="thin" /> +<div class="article"> <p> Many computer users run a modified version of <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">the GNU system</a> @@ -184,8 +188,9 @@ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices. If you mention Linux, the kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, <a href="http://foldoc.org/linux">http://foldoc.org/linux</a> is a good URL to use.</p> +<div class="column-limit"></div> -<h3>Postscripts</h3> +<h3 class="footnote">Postscripts</h3> <p> Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced @@ -206,8 +211,9 @@ wholes, they are two different systems that evolved separately. The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a href="#gnubsd">(5)</a></p> +<div class="column-limit"></div> -<h3>Notes:</h3> +<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3> <ol> <li> <a id="unexciting"></a>These unexciting but essential components @@ -245,10 +251,12 @@ typical desktops can hardly distinguish between GNU/Linux and GNU/*BSD.</li> </ol> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -266,13 +274,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -293,8 +301,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, -2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 Richard M. Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 1997-2002, 2007, 2014-2017, 2019, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -304,7 +311,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2019/12/30 11:28:30 $ +$Date: 2021/04/07 17:55:37 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/misinterpreting-copyright.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/misinterpreting-copyright.html index 7179e5b..860a237 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/misinterpreting-copyright.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/misinterpreting-copyright.html @@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ and <a href="http://www.eff.org">www.eff.org</a>.</li> </ol> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html index 8f5200c..2c3da11 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html @@ -17,19 +17,36 @@ you might interact with.</strong></p> (proprietary). More precisely, this distinction applies to a program that you have a copy of: either you <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> have the four freedoms for -your copy</a> or you don't.</p> +your copy</a> or you don't. If you don't, that program does a +specific kind of injustice to you, simply because it is nonfree.</p> -<p>An activity (such as a service) doesn't exist in the form of -copies, so it's not possible for a user to have a copy of it, let alone -make more copies. As a result, the four freedoms that define free -software don't make sense for services.</p> +<p>The copyright holders of a nonfree program can cure that injustice +in a simple, clear way: release the same source code under a free +software license. Convincing them to <em>do</em> this +may be difficult, but the action itself is straightforward.</p> -<p>To use a culinary analogy, my cooking can't be a copy of your -cooking, not even if I learned to cook by watching you. I might have -and use a copy of the <em>recipe</em> you use to do your cooking, -because a recipe, like a program, is a work and exists in copies, but -the recipe is not the same as the cooking. (And neither of those is -the same as the food produced by the cooking.)</p> +<p>An activity (such as a service) doesn't exist in the form of +copies, so it's not possible for a user to have a copy of it, let +alone make more copies. Lacking a copy to modify, the user can't +modify it either. As a result, the four freedoms that define free +software don't make sense for services. It is meaningless to say that +the service is “nonfree,” or that it is +“free.” That distinction makes no sense, for services.</p> + +<p>That does not mean that the service treats users justly. Quite the +contrary—many services do wrong to their users, in various +ways, and we call them “dis-services”—but there is no +simple universal fix for this, comparable to that for a nonfree +program (to release it as free software so users can run and control +their copies and their versions).</p> + +<p>To use a culinary analogy, my way of cooking can't be a copy of +your way of cooking, not even if I learned to cook by watching you. I +might have and use a copy of the <em>recipe</em> you use to do your +cooking, because a recipe, like a program, is a work and exists in +copies, but your recipe is not the same as your way of cooking. (And +neither of those is the same as the food produced by your +cooking.)</p> <p>With today's technology, services are often implemented by running programs on computers, but that is not the only way to implement them. @@ -192,7 +209,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/01/07 16:54:09 $ +$Date: 2020/12/18 06:13:30 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html index fdcebc7..c4897dc 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html @@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ movement for free text books. In-fact there are projects in India and elsewhere to develop free educational materials to make available to schools. A complete curriculum of free educational materials. Because educational materials should be free. And so I suggest that you look -at the site <a href="http://gnowledge.org">gnowledge.org</a>. That's +at the site <a href="https://www.gnowledge.org">gnowledge.org</a>. That's like knowledge but spells with a ‘g’ instead of a ‘k’. And you will see one of these initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai. @@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ of this article.</p> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2004 Richard M. Stallman, Vijay Kumar</p> +<p>Copyright © 2004, 2021 Richard M. Stallman, Vijay Kumar</p> <p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> @@ -1519,7 +1519,7 @@ permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:29 $ +$Date: 2021/04/26 07:25:28 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/pragmatic.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/pragmatic.html index 9be2e9e..8f6b051 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/pragmatic.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/pragmatic.html @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ And if cynics ridicule freedom, ridicule community…if ideal…just ignore them, and use copyleft all the same.</p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ of this article.</p> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -205,17 +205,17 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 1998, 2003, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:35 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/right-to-read.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/right-to-read.html index 1d29496..4f3252d 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/right-to-read.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/right-to-read.html @@ -514,7 +514,7 @@ to participate in our work</a>. </div> <hr class="thin" /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:33 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/saying-no-even-once.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/saying-no-even-once.html index ff0e0be..a9a3c84 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/saying-no-even-once.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/saying-no-even-once.html @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.95 --> <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> <title>Saying No to unjust computing even once is help - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/saying-no-even-once.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<div class="reduced-width"> <h2>Saying No to unjust computing even once is help</h2> <address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address> -<hr class="thin" /> +<div class="thin"></div> -<p class="italic">A misunderstanding is circulating that the GNU +<div class="article"> +<p>A misunderstanding is circulating that the GNU Project demands you run 100% <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>, all the time. Anything less (90%?), and we will tell you to get lost—they say. Nothing could be further from the @@ -87,7 +89,9 @@ practices; if you get used to saying no to some nonfree program, you could do it most of the time, maybe even every time. Not only will you have gained an increment of freedom; you will have helped your whole community by spreading awareness of the issue.</p> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> <div id="footer"> @@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:33 $ +$Date: 2020/12/30 11:43:33 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/self-interest.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/self-interest.html index 9455325..ca24bfa 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/self-interest.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/self-interest.html @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ written to correct a number of misunderstandings of Smith's teachings, we find the following summaries of Smith's view about self-interest:</p> -<blockquote class="italic"><p> +<blockquote><p> Far from being an individualist, Smith believed it is the influence of society that transforms people into moral beings. He thought that people often misjudge their own self-interest. @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ people often misjudge their own self-interest. <p> Even more directly to the point:</p> -<blockquote class="italic"><p> +<blockquote><p> [Adam Smith] regarded the attempt to explain all human behavior on the basis of self-interest as analytically misguided and morally pernicious. <a href="#fn1">[1]</a> @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ it is time to fight for a moral principle even if it becomes necessary to sacrifice, or at least qualify, their own self-interest. In the words of Thomas Sowell, a free-market theorist of our time:</p> -<blockquote class="italic"><p> +<blockquote><p> There are, of course, noneconomic values. Indeed, there are <em>only</em> noneconomic values. Economics is not a value itself but merely a method of trading off one value against another. If @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:33 $ +$Date: 2020/11/10 17:00:48 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/shouldbefree.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/shouldbefree.html index 79bbcf1..4fb1e6b 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/shouldbefree.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/shouldbefree.html @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ destructive.</li> </ol> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/07/01 15:25:23 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/social-inertia.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/social-inertia.html index ef004e7..94f8665 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/social-inertia.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/social-inertia.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 --> <title>Overcoming Social Inertia - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/social-inertia.translist" --> @@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ Stallman</strong></a></p> <p> -Almost two decades have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux first made -it possible to use a PC in freedom. We have come a long way since then. Now you can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux preinstalled from -more than one hardware vendor—although the systems they ship are not -entirely free software. So what holds us back from total success?</p> +Almost two decades have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux +first made it possible to use a PC in freedom. We have come a long +way since then. Now you can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux +preinstalled from more than one hardware vendor—although the +systems they ship are not entirely free software. So what holds us +back from total success?</p> <p> The main obstacle to the triumph of software freedom is social @@ -59,9 +61,11 @@ inertia, so that they become part of the inertia.</p> <p> To build our community's strength to resist, we need to talk about free software and freedom—not merely about the practical -benefits that open source supporters cite. As more people recognize -what they need to do to overcome the inertia, we will make more -progress.</p> +benefits that open source supporters cite. And we need to resist +nonfree software by <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> +taking action each time we can</a>, voicing our reasons out loud. As +more people recognize what they need to do to overcome the inertia, we +will make more progress.</p> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> @@ -95,7 +99,7 @@ of this article.</p> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -110,17 +114,17 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2007 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2007, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:46 $ +$Date: 2020/10/30 06:25:43 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-literary-patents.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-literary-patents.html index c36f566..c4993c0 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-literary-patents.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-literary-patents.html @@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ blocked, the result will be to put all software developers in danger. </p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ of this article.</p> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -265,17 +265,17 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:46 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-patents.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-patents.html index 22f9f60..1d54d01 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-patents.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/software-patents.html @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ The battle is not over. It still can be won. </ol> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/08/14 11:28:06 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/stophr3028.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/stophr3028.html index 76d4430..d24d53c 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/stophr3028.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/stophr3028.html @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ this page.</p> <h3>Relevant Information</h3> <ul> - <li><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-bill/03028"> + <li><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3028"> Information about H.R. 3028, including the Text of the bill</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/help/dndr/udrp-en"> Information about the ICANN Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy</a></li> @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1999, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 1999, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:39 $ +$Date: 2021/04/11 11:55:40 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/surveillance-vs-democracy.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/surveillance-vs-democracy.html index c69d3a7..3fc17d7 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/surveillance-vs-democracy.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/surveillance-vs-democracy.html @@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ <style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!-- #intro { margin: 2em auto 1.5em; } .pict.wide { width: 23em; } -.pict p { margin-top: .2em; } +.pict p { margin-bottom: 0; } @media (min-width: 55em) { #intro { max-width: 55em; } - .pict.wide { margin-bottom: 0; } } ---></style> +--> +</style> <!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg --> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> @@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>,” published in <p>Thanks to Edward Snowden's disclosures, we know that the current level of general surveillance in society is incompatible with human -rights. The repeated harassment and prosecution of dissidents, +rights. Expecting every action to be noted down <a href="https://www.socialcooling.com/">makes people censor and +limit themselves</a>. The repeated harassment and prosecution of dissidents, sources, and journalists in the US and elsewhere provides confirmation. We need to reduce the level of general surveillance, but how far? Where exactly is the @@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ is not exceeded? It is the level beyond which surveillance starts to interfere with the functioning of democracy, in that whistleblowers (such as Snowden) are likely to be caught.</p> </div> + <div class="columns" style="clear:both"> <p>Faced with government secrecy, we the people depend on whistleblowers @@ -293,9 +295,9 @@ systems [<a href="#ambientprivacy">1</a>].</p> <h3 class="subheader">Remedy for Collecting Data: Leaving It Dispersed</h3> <div class="columns"> -<p>One way to make monitoring safe for privacy is -to <a name="dispersal">keep the data dispersed and inconvenient to -access</a>. Old-fashioned security cameras were no threat to privacy(<a href="#privatespace">*</a>). +<p id="dispersal">One way to make monitoring safe for privacy is +to keep the data dispersed and inconvenient to +access. Old-fashioned security cameras were no threat to privacy(<a href="#privatespace">*</a>). The recording was stored on the premises, and kept for a few weeks at most. Because of the inconvenience of accessing these recordings, it was never done massively; they were accessed only in the places where @@ -324,7 +326,7 @@ Everyone must be free to post photos and video recordings occasionally, but the systematic accumulation of such data on the Internet must be limited.</p> -<p><a name="privatespace"><b>*</b></a> I assume here that the security +<p id="privatespace">(*) I assume here that the security camera points at the inside of a store, or at the street. Any camera pointed at someone's private space by someone else violates privacy, but that is another issue.</p> @@ -560,7 +562,7 @@ That requires stopping the accumulation of big data about people.</p> </div> <div class="column-limit"></div> -<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">End Note</h3> +<h3 class="footnote">End Note</h3> <ol> <li id="ambientprivacy">The condition of <em>not being monitored</em> has been referred to as <a @@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:00:33 $ +$Date: 2020/12/17 21:13:59 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/university.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/university.html index 4303d88..b93e5df 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/university.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/university.html @@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's freedom depends, in one instance, on you.</p> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -159,17 +159,17 @@ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2002, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:48 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html index 4e6d720..f05fda3 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/whats-wrong-with-youtube.html @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> - +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>What's Wrong with YouTube - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/whats-wrong-with-youtube.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<div class="reduced-width"> <h2>What's Wrong with YouTube</h2> +<div class="thin"></div> <p> YouTube is a peculiar case. As of September 2020, it is possible to @@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ to <em>use</em> that service.</p> servers is free—either published free software or private unreleased free software.</p> -<hr /> +<hr class="column-limit" /> <p>To post a video without requiring nonfree software to view it, you can place the video as an Ogg Theora or WebM file on an ordinary web site. @@ -116,18 +117,19 @@ can seed a torrent and suggest people download through that.</p> <p>Another way to publish videos on the web using free software is <a href="https://mediagoblin.org/">GNU MediaGoblin</a>. Ideally you will set up -<a href="https://docs.mediagoblin.org/">your own server</a>, or run +<a href="https://mediagoblin.readthedocs.io/en/master/">your own server</a>, or run one for your family and friends, but you can also post on -<a href="https://wiki.mediagoblin.org/Live_instances">public -servers</a>.</p> +<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123015349/https://wiki.mediagoblin.org/Live_instances"> +public servers</a>.</p> <p>Please -<a href="https://wiki.mediagoblin.org/HackingHowto">contribute to -GNU MediaGoblin</a> if you can.</p> +<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025759/https://wiki.mediagoblin.org/HackingHowto"> +contribute to GNU MediaGoblin</a> if you can.</p> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -145,17 +147,17 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> -<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2015-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/09/20 18:18:56 $ +$Date: 2021/03/27 12:56:20 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html index 3c4e1a9..5dd5077 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html @@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM"> Boston Review</a>.)</p></blockquote> <p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to -lose your freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is +lose your computing freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is another way to give someone else power over your computing.</strong></p> -<p>The basic point is, you can have control over a program someone else -wrote (if it's free), but you can never have control over a service -someone else runs, so never use a service where in principle a program -would do.</p> +<p>The basic point is, you can have control over a program someone +else wrote (if it's free), but you can never have control over a +service someone else runs, so never use a service where in principle +running a program would do.</p> <p>SaaSS means using a service implemented by someone else as a @@ -66,18 +66,36 @@ have to reject that too.</p> <p>Service as a Software Substitute (SaaSS) means using a service as a substitute for running your copy of a program. Concretely, it means that someone sets up a network server that does certain computing -tasks—for instance, modifying a photo, translating text into -another language, etc.—then invites users to do computing via -that server. A user of the server would send her data to the server, -which does <em>her own computing</em> on the data thus provided, then -sends the results back to her or acts directly on her behalf.</p> - -<p>The computing is <em>her own</em> because, by assumption, she -could, in principle, have done it by running a program on her own -computer (whether or not that program is available to her at -present). In cases where this assumption is not so, it isn't SaaSS.</p> - -<p>These servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably +activities—for instance, modifying a photo, translating text into +another language, etc.—then invites users to let that server do +<em>their own computing</em> for them. As a user of the server, you +would send your data to the server, which does that computing +activity on the data thus provided, then sends the results back +to you or else acts directly on your behalf.</p> + +<p>What does it mean to say that a given computing activity +is <em>your own</em>? It means that no one else is inherently +involved in it. To clarify the meaning of “inherently +involved”, we present a thought experiment. Suppose that any +free software you might need for the job is available to you, and +whatever data you might need, as well as computers of whatever speed, +functionality and capacity might be required. Could you do this +particular computing activity entirely within those computers, not +communicating with anyone else's computers?</p> + +<p>If you could, then the activity is <em>entirely your own</em>. For +your freedom's sake, you deserve to control it. If you do it by +running free software, you do control it. However, doing it via +someone else's service would give that someone else control over your +computing activity. We call that scenario SaaSS, and we say it is +unjust.</p> + +<p>By contrast, if for fundamental reasons you couldn't possibly do +that activity in your own computers, then the activity isn't entirely +your own, so the issue of SaaSS is not applicable to that activity. +In general, these activities involve communication with others.</p> + +<p>SaaSS servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably than proprietary software. With proprietary software, users typically get an executable file but not the source code. That makes it hard to study the code that is running, so it's hard to determine what the @@ -115,7 +133,8 @@ leaked from there</a>. point where future SaaSS services might be constructed to be unable to understand some of the data that users send them. Such services <em>could</em> be set up not to snoop on users; this does not -mean they <em>will</em> do no snooping.</p> +mean they <em>will</em> do no snooping. Also, snooping is only one +among the secondary injustices of SaaSS.</p> <p>Some proprietary operating systems have a universal back door, permitting someone to remotely install software changes. For @@ -454,7 +473,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -464,7 +483,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:39 $ +$Date: 2020/12/18 05:52:40 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-free.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-free.html index 0b1d2b0..2405153 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-free.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-free.html @@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ You deserve free software.</p> </ol> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/07/01 15:25:23 $ +$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-gnu-linux.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-gnu-linux.html index 2c79945..fcd55fe 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-gnu-linux.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/why-gnu-linux.html @@ -1,23 +1,31 @@ -<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> <title>Why GNU/Linux? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> -<h2>What's in a Name?</h2> +<h2 class="c">What's in a Name?</h2> -<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></strong></p> +<address class="byline c">by <a +href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a></address> +<div class="reduced-width"> +<hr class="no-display" /> <div class="announcement"> - <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can read +<p>To learn more about this issue, you can read our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, which gives a history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming, and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU -Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>. - -</p></blockquote> +Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.</p> </div> +<p id="fsfs">This essay is published in +<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"> +<cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard +M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p> +<hr class="thin" /> + +<div class="article"> <p> Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A @@ -190,16 +198,12 @@ But we are not in that position. To inspire people to do the work that needs to be done, we need to be recognized for what we have already done. Please help us, by calling the operating system <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p> - -<hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published in -<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"> -<cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard -M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -217,13 +221,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -244,7 +248,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2020 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007, 2014-2016, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -254,7 +258,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/07/01 15:25:22 $ +$Date: 2021/04/07 17:55:37 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/words-to-avoid.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/words-to-avoid.html index a6d3725..d33584a 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/words-to-avoid.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/words-to-avoid.html @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ Swindle?</a></p></blockquote> |<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a href="#Open">Open</a>” |<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a + href="#OptOut">Opt out</a>” +|<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a href="#PC">PC</a>” |<span class="gnun-split"></span><!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> “<a href="#Photoshop">Photoshop</a>” @@ -193,11 +195,12 @@ of what the program does for them</b>.</p> <h3 id="Alternative">“Alternative”</h3> <!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY --> <p> -We don't describe free software as an “alternative” to -proprietary, because that word presumes all the “alternatives” are -legitimate and each additional one makes users better off. In effect, -it assumes that free software ought to coexist with software that does -not respect users' freedom.</p> +We don't describe free software in general as an +“alternative” to proprietary, because that word presumes +all the “alternatives” are legitimate and each additional +one makes users better off. In effect, it assumes that free software +ought to coexist with software that does not respect users' +freedom.</p> <p> We believe that distribution as free software is the only ethical way to make software available for others to use. The other methods, @@ -206,7 +209,14 @@ software</a> and <a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Service as a Software Substitute</a> subjugate their users. We do not think it is good to offer users those “alternatives” to free -software. +software.</p> +<p> +Special circumstances can drive users toward running one particular +program for a certain job. For instance, when a web page sends +JavaScript client code to the user's browser, that drives users toward +running that specific client program rather than any possible other. +In such a case, there is a reason to describe any other code for that +job as an alternative. </p> <!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> @@ -519,7 +529,7 @@ writings to a sort of pap fit to be piped through the “tubes” of the internet. </p> -<p>See also <a href="http://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/">Courtney +<p>See also <a href="https://www.salon.com/2000/06/14/love_7/">Courtney Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for “content provider” in that page. Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term “intellectual property” is @@ -863,7 +873,7 @@ Experience shows that these products often do <a href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2015/09/cory-doctorow-what-if-people-were-sensors-not-things-to-be-sensed/"> spy on their users</a>. They are also tailor-made for -<a href="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806">giving +<a href="https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html">giving people biased advice</a>. In addition, the manufacturer can <a href="/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html"> sabotage the product</a> by turning off the server it depends on.</p> @@ -1004,6 +1014,16 @@ we say, <b>free software</b> or <b>free (libre) software</b>.</p> <!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> <!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --> +<h3 id="OptOut">“Opt out”</h3> +<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY --> +<p> +When applied to any form of computational mistreatment, “opt +out” implies the choice is a minor matter of convenience. We +recommend “reject,” “shun” or “escape +from.”</p> + +<!-- GNUN-SORT-NEXT-ITEM --> +<!-- GNUN-SORT-BEGIN-KEY --> <h3 id="PC">“PC”</h3> <!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY --> <p> @@ -1347,7 +1367,7 @@ vendors. We recommend the general term “supplier” instead. <!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP --> <hr /> -<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published +<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote> @@ -1400,7 +1420,7 @@ of this article.</p> Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> <p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, -2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -1410,7 +1430,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/07/07 11:37:52 $ +$Date: 2021/04/26 07:14:33 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/wwworst-app-store.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/wwworst-app-store.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c07a491 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/wwworst-app-store.html @@ -0,0 +1,230 @@ +<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<title>The WWWorst App Store +- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> + <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<div class="reduced-width"> +<h2>The WWWorst App Store</h2> + +<address class="byline">by Alexandre Oliva</address> +<div class="thin"></div> + +<p>Picture the most abusive app store.</p> + +<p>Programs in it are meant to run on your own computer.</p> + +<p>However, you have to be online to run them.</p> + +<p>Every time you start them, they contact the app store.</p> + +<p>If there is an updated version, it's installed automatically, no +questions asked. You'd rather run the earlier version? Tough.</p> + +<p>If the app store decides you're no longer welcome, the program won't +start any more.</p> + +<p>If the app store servers are offline, or if you are, it won't start +either.</p> + +<div class="important"> +<p>Programs in this app store must also hold your data in the app store's +servers.</p> + +<p>If the program won't start, you can't get to the data on the servers +any more.</p> + +<p>You may have downloaded backups of your data, but you'd have to figure +out how to decode them without the program.</p> +</div> + +<p>Sounds like a nightmare? It is. But it's also very real.</p> + +<p>Well-known app stores are approaching this level of nastiness.</p> + +<p>But they are just catching up with the real thing.</p> + +<p>The most abusive app store is the business-driven perversion of the +old user-empowering distributed hypertext system called “the Web.”</p> + +<p>Users have been encouraged to adopt “web apps” for much of their +computing, paving the way for other app stores to follow suit.</p> + +<div class="important"> +<p>“Web apps” are most often distributed as JavaScript (though Java and +Flash have served similar purposes), automatically installed and +executed on your browser.</p> + +<p>But the problem is not that they're in JavaScript, or that it's your +browser that runs them. It's that:</p> + +<ul> +<li>you don't have control over what the program does;</li> +<li>you don't have control over when you can run it;</li> +<li>you don't have control over your own data.</li> +</ul> + +<p>The app store owner takes all that control away from you, thereby +gaining control over you.</p> + +<p>You lose when the JavaScript code is nonfree software.<br /> +<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/javascript-trap.html</a></p> + +<p>But you also lose when it is (nominally) free software!</p> +</div> + +<p>When the app / web site has so much control over what runs on +your computer, the effect “is equivalent to using a nonfree program +with surveillance features and a universal back door.” <br /> +<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a> <br /> + +<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> </p> + +<p>The owner gets all the freedom, and you, the user, get none.</p> + +<p>That's not a self-respectful way to do your computing.</p> + +<p>It invades your privacy, it keeps you and your data hostage, it takes +away your agency and your freedom when it comes to your digital life.</p> + +<hr class="column-limit" /> + +<p>The web used to be a wonderful way to share information.</p> + +<p>Web apps and mandatory JavaScript have turned it into the worst app +store.</p> + +<p>It is time to separate the WWWonderful from the WWWorst practices.</p> + +<p>Here are some ways to help:</p> + +<ul> +<li>request web sites that require JavaScript execution to offer either: + <ul> + <li>alternate means of access to information they publish, or</li> + <li>alternate means of delivery for their apps;</li> + </ul> +</li> + +<li>promote free browser extensions that control JavaScript execution;<br /> +<a href="/software/librejs/">https://www.gnu.org/software/librejs/</a></li> + +<li>beware of apps that are mere front ends for SaaSS;<br /> +<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a></li> + +<li>demand software you use to be delivered in freedom-respecting ways;</li> + +<li>promote hypertext systems that do not grant servers control over users.<br /> +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)"> +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)</a><br /> +<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)"> +https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>More generally:</p> + +<ul> +<li>as a self-respecting user, reject the abusive practices whenever you can;<br /> +<a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> +https://gnu.org/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html</a></li> + +<li>discourage automatic execution of downloaded code;<br /> +<a href="https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html"> +https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html</a></li> + +<li>as a network service operator, set a user-respecting example;<br /> +<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a></li> + +<li>spread awareness of the problem, and advice on solving and avoiding it.<br /> +<a href="/help/help-javascript.html"> +https://www.gnu.org/help/help-javascript.html</a></li> +</ul> + +<p>Now, if you wish your site to give its users a taste of how the +WWWorst app store feels to us, add to web pages you control the +following JavaScriptlet:</p> + +<p class="emph-box"> +document.body.textContent = 'Please disable JavaScript to view this site.'</p> + +<p>If you wish, make “disable JavaScript” a link to this article.</p> + +<hr class="column-limit" /> + +<p>Thanks to Richard Stallman for the inspiration to write about this +issue, and for the encouragement to publish it.</p> + +<p><em>2021-04-01 update:</em> thanks to KE0VVT for letting me know that +textContent can't have links; you need innerHTML for that.</p> +</div> + +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer" class="contentinfo"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent +to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations +of this article.</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> + +<p>Copyright © 2021 Alexandre Oliva</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under the <a rel="license" +href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> + +<p class="unprintable">Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2021/04/05 18:30:56 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> |