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<title>Why Programs Should be Shared
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<h2>Why Programs Should be Shared</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<div class="introduction">
<p>Editor's note: This text was found in a file dated May
1983, though it is not clear whether it was written then or earlier.
In May 1983 Richard Stallman was privately considering plans to develop a
free operating system, but he may not yet have decided to make it a
Unix-like system rather than something like the MIT Lisp Machine.</p>
<p>He had not yet conceptually distinguished the two meanings of
“free”; this message is formulated in terms of gratis
copies, but take for granted that this means users also have freedom.</p>
</div>
<hr class="no-display" />
<p>Five years ago one could take for granted that any useful program
written at SAIL, MIT, CMU, etc. would be shared. Since then, these
universities have started acting just like software houses—everything
useful will be sold for an arm and a leg (usually after being written
at gov't expense).</p>
<p>People find all sorts of excuses why it's harmful to give away
software. These supposed problems never bothered us back when we
<em>wanted</em> to share, and haven't affected EMACS, so I suspect they are
bogus.</p>
<p>For example, people say that companies will “steal” it
and sell it. If so, that would be no worse than Stanford selling it!
At least people would have the choice of getting a free copy. Users
want to buy maintained software? Then let people sell service
contracts—but give the software itself free.</p>
<p>I think I can dispose of any reasons you may think exist
for not sharing software. But more important is the reason
why we <em>should</em> share:</p>
<p>We would get more done with the same amount of work, if
artificial obstacles were removed. And we would feel
more in harmony with everyone else.</p>
<p>Sharing software is the form that scientific cooperation
takes in the field of computer science. Universities used
to defend the principle of scientific cooperation.
Is it right for them to throw it over for profit?</p>
<p>Should we let them?</p>
<p>Right now graduate students here are working on programming
projects that are specifically intended for sale. But if
we create a climate of opinion like that of five years ago,
the university wouldn't dare to do this. And if you start
sharing, other people might start sharing with you.</p>
<p>So let's start sharing again.</p>
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