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<title>Computing ‘Progress’: Good and Bad
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
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<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Computing ‘Progress’: Good and Bad</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<div class="infobox" role="complementary">
<p><i>
The BBC invited me to write an article for their column series, The
Tech Lab, and this is what I sent them. (It refers to a couple of
other articles published in that series.) The BBC was ultimately unwilling
to publish it with a copying-permission notice, so I have published it
here.</i></p>
</div>
<hr class="thin" />
<p>
Bradley Horowitz of Yahoo proposed here that every object in our world
have a unique number so that your cell phone could record
everything you do—even which cans you picked up while in the
supermarket.</p>
<p>
If the phone is like today's phones, it will use proprietary software:
software controlled by the companies that developed it, not by its
users. Those companies will ensure that your phone makes the
information it collects about you available to the phone company's
database (let's call it Big Brother) and probably to other
companies.</p>
<p>
In the UK of the future, as New Labour would have it, those companies
will surely turn this information over to the police. If your phone
reports you bought a wooden stick and a piece of poster board, the
phone company's system will deduce that you may be planning a protest,
and report you automatically to the police so they can accuse you of
“terrorism.”</p>
<p>
In the UK, it is literally an offense to be suspect—more precisely,
to possess any object in circumstances that create a “reasonable
suspicion” that you might use it in certain criminal ways.
Your phone will give the police plenty of opportunities to suspect
you so they can charge you with having been suspected by them.
Similar things will happen in China, where Yahoo has already given the
government all the information it needed to imprison a dissident; it
subsequently asked for our understanding on the excuse that it was “just
following orders.”</p>
<p>
Horowitz would like cell phones to tag information automatically, based
on knowing when you participate in an event or meeting. That means
the phone company will also know precisely whom you meet. That
information will also be interesting to governments, such as those of
the UK and China, that cut corners on human rights.</p>
<p>
I do not much like Horowitz's vision of total surveillance. Rather, I
envision a world in which our computers never collect, or release, any
information about us except when we want them to.</p>
<p>
Nonfree software does other nasty things besides spying; it often
implements digital handcuffs—features designed to restrict the
users (also called DRM, for Digital Restrictions Management). These
features control how you can access, copy, or move the files in your
own computer.</p>
<p>
DRM is a common practice: Microsoft does it, Apple does it, Google
does it, even the BBC's iPlayer does it. Many governments, taking the
side of these companies against the public, have made it illegal to
tell others how to escape from the digital handcuffs. As a result,
competition does nothing to check the practice: no matter how many
proprietary alternatives you might have to choose from, they will
all handcuff you just the same. If the computer knows where you are
located, it can make DRM even worse: there are companies that would
like to restrict what you can access based on your present
location.</p>
<p>
My vision of the world is different. I would like to see a world in
which all the software in our computers—in our desktop PCs, our
laptops, our handhelds, our phones—is under our control and
respects our freedom. In other words, a world where all software is
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"><em>free</em></a> software.</p>
<p>
Free software, freedom-respecting software, means that every user of
the program is free to get the program's source code and change the
program to do what she wants, and also free to give away or sell
copies, either exact or modified. This means the users are in
control. With the users in control of the software, nobody has power
to impose nasty features on others.</p>
<p>
Even if you don't exercise this control yourself, you are part of a
society where others do. If you are not a programmer, other users of
the program are. They will probably find and remove any nasty
features, which might spy on or restrict you, and publish safe
versions. You will have only to select to use them—and since
all other users will prefer them, that will usually happen with no
effort on your part.</p>
<p>
Charles Stross envisioned computers that permanently record everything
that we see and hear. Those records could be very useful, as long as
Big Brother doesn't see and hear all of them. Today's cell phones are
already capable of listening to their users without informing them, at
the request of the police, the phone company, or anyone that knows the
requisite commands. As long as phones use nonfree software,
controlled by its developers and not by the users, we must expect this
to get worse. Only free software enables computer-using citizens to
resist totalitarian surveillance.</p>
<p>
Dave Winer's article suggested that Mr. Gates should send a copy of
Windows Vista to Alpha Centauri. I understand the feeling, but
sending just one won't solve our problem here on Earth. Windows is
designed to spy on users and restrict them. We should collect all the
copies of Windows, and of MacOS and iPlayer for the same reason, and send
them to Alpha Centauri at the slowest possible speed. Or just erase
them.</p>
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<p>Copyright © 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
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