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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-history.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-history.html index afa4734..a332879 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-history.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu-history.html @@ -1,18 +1,26 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>Overview of the GNU System - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History" /> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> <h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2> +<div class="thin"></div> <p> The GNU operating system is a complete free software system, -upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”. +upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a -hard g</a>. -<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the +hard <i>g</i></a>. +<a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a> of the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published in @@ -22,9 +30,9 @@ March 1985. It has been translated into several <p> The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not -Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun +Unix,” second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun to say (or -<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">Sing</a>).</p> +<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">sing</a>).</p> <p> The word “free” in “free software” pertains to @@ -40,7 +48,7 @@ physical act of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p> <p> The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU -Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of +Project.” The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of @@ -75,7 +83,7 @@ A Unix-like operating system includes a kernel, compilers, editors, text formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games and many other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a very large job. We started in January 1984. -The <a href="http://fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation</a> was +The <a href="https://www.fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation</a> was founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop GNU.</p> @@ -86,26 +94,26 @@ Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically via <a href="/distros/distros.html">GNU/Linux distributions</a>. The principal -version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “blobs”; +version of Linux now contains nonfree firmware “blobs”; free software activists now maintain a modified free version of Linux, -called <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> +called <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Linux-libre"> Linux-libre</a>.</p> <p> However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system. We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users want to have. This includes application software. See -the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue +the <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue of free software application programs.</p> <p> We also want to provide software for users who are not computer experts. Therefore we developed a -<a href="http://www.gnome.org/">graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a> to help +<a href="https://www.gnome.org/">graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a> to help beginners use the GNU system.</p> <p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a -href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game">free games</a> are +href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game">free games</a> are already available.</p> <p> @@ -114,11 +122,11 @@ when <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">laws such as the patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p> - +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -136,13 +144,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -163,8 +171,8 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, -2009, 2012, 2014, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2021 +Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -174,10 +182,10 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2017/09/04 10:21:27 $ +$Date: 2021/11/02 13:25:56 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> -</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> </body> </html> |