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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-versus-community.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-versus-community.html index 8cde539..11e23fb 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-versus-community.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/copyright-versus-community.html @@ -1,25 +1,29 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> <h2>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks</h2> <address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address> -<p><em>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12 +<div class="infobox"> +<p>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12 October 2009.<br /> There is an <a href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html">older -version</a> of this talk, from 2000.</em></p> - -<blockquote class="announcement" style="margin-bottom: 2.5em"><p> -<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list -about the dangers of e-books</a>. -</p></blockquote> +version</a> of this talk, from 2000.</p> +</div> +<hr class="thin" /> -<dl> -<dt>BC:</dt> -<dd><p>Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the +<p><b>BC: </b> +Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the privilege of introducing Richard Stallman, whose keynote speech is being sponsored by the School of Information Management at Victoria University of Wellington.</p> @@ -33,13 +37,13 @@ realize it or not, Richard's work has touched all of your lives.</p> <p>I like to describe him as the most influential person most people have never heard of, although he tells me that that cannot possibly be -true because it cannot be tested.</p></dd> +true because it cannot be tested.</p> -<dt>RMS:</dt> -<dd>We can't tell.</dd> +<p><b>RMS: </b> +We can't tell.</p> -<dt>BC:</dt> -<dd><p>I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software +<p><b>BC: </b> +I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software freedom and free access to information were used by Tim Berners-Lee when he created the world's first web server, and in 1999 his musings about a free online encyclopedia inspired Jimmy Wales to set up what @@ -47,12 +51,21 @@ is now Wikipedia.</p> <p>Today Richard will be talking to us about copyright vs community in the age of computer networks, and their implications for libraries. -Richard.</p></dd> +Richard.</p> -<dt>RMS:</dt> -<dd><p>I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the +<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary"> +<hr class="no-display" /> +<p> +<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join our mailing list +about the dangers of e-books</a>. +</p> +<hr class="no-display" /> +</div> + +<p><b>RMS: </b> +I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the North Island it was raining most of the time. Now I know why they -call gumboots “Wellingtons”. And then I saw somebody who +call gumboots “Wellingtons.” And then I saw somebody who was making chairs and tables out of ponga wood, and he called it fern-iture. Then we took the ferry to get here, and as soon as we got off, people started mocking and insulting us; but there were no hard @@ -65,7 +78,7 @@ extend to other kinds of works. But in order for that to make sense, I'd better tell you briefly what free software means.</p> <p>Free software is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of -“free speech”, not “free beer”. Free software +“free speech,” not “free beer.” Free software is software that respects the user's freedom, and there are four specific freedoms that the user deserves always to have.</p> @@ -221,7 +234,7 @@ and arguably beneficial for society.</p> <p>It was easy to enforce, because it only had to be enforced against publishers. And it's easy to find the unauthorized publishers of a book—you go to a bookstore and say “where do these copies -come from?”. You don't have to invade everybody's home and +come from?” You don't have to invade everybody's home and everybody's computer to do that.</p> <p>It was uncontroversial because, as the readers were not restricted, @@ -280,7 +293,7 @@ they will propose to go to prosecute the War on Sharing.</p> <p>It's no longer uncontroversial. There are political parties in several countries whose basic platform is “freedom to -share”.</p> +share.”</p> <p>It's no longer beneficial because the freedoms that we conceptually traded away (because we couldn't exercise them), we now can exercise. @@ -335,7 +348,7 @@ Mickey Mouse Copyright Act.</p> <p>The movie companies say they want perpetual copyright, but the US Constitution won't let them get that officially. So they came up with a way to get the same result unofficially: “perpetual copyright -on the installment plan”. Every 20 years they extend copyright +on the installment plan.” Every 20 years they extend copyright for 20 more years. So that at any given time, any given work has a date when it will supposedly fall into the public domain. But that date is like tomorrow, it never comes. By the time you get there they @@ -370,7 +383,7 @@ requirements, all of which are malicious towards us.</p> <p>It worked for a while, but then some people figured out the secret format, and published free software capable of reading the movie on a DVD and playing it. Then the publishers said “since we can't -actually stop them, we have to make it a crime”. And they +actually stop them, we have to make it a crime.” And they started that in the US in 1998 with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which imposed censorship on software capable of doing such jobs.</p> @@ -389,7 +402,7 @@ instance, in 2011 it's going to be forbidden to make analog video outputs. So all video outputs will have to be digital, and they will carry the signal encrypted into a monitor specially designed to keep secrets from the user. That is malicious hardware. They say that the -purpose of this is to “close the analog hole”. I'll show +purpose of this is to “close the analog hole.” I'll show you a couple of analog holes (Stallman takes off his glasses): here's one and here's another, that they'd like to poke out permanently.<a href="#footnote1">[1]</a></p> @@ -539,7 +552,7 @@ ebooks; that didn't go so well.</p> ebooks really popular if they started it with my biography. So they found an author and the author asked me if I'd cooperate, and I said “Only if this e-book is published without encryption, without -DRM”. The publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just +DRM.” The publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just stuck to it—I said no. Eventually we found another publisher who was willing to do this—in fact willing to publish the book under a free license giving you the four freedoms—so the book @@ -547,7 +560,7 @@ was then published, and sold a lot of copies on paper.</p> <p>But in any case, e-books failed at the beginning of this decade. People just didn't want to read them very much. And I said, -“they will try again”. We saw an amazing number of news +“they will try again.” We saw an amazing number of news articles about electronic ink (or is it electronic paper, I can never remember which), and it occurred to me probably the reason there's so many is the publishers want us to think about this. They want us to @@ -705,14 +718,14 @@ same four freedoms [for all functional works], not just for software. And you'll notice that for recipes, practically speaking, cooks are always sharing and changing recipes just as if the recipes were free. Imagine how people would react if the government tried to stamp out -so-called “recipe piracy”.</p> +so-called “recipe piracy.”</p> <p>The term “pirate” is pure propaganda. When people ask me what I think of music piracy, I say “As far as I know, when pirates attack they don't do it by playing instruments badly, they do -it with arms. So it's not music “piracy”, because piracy +it with arms. So it's not music “piracy,” because piracy is attacking ships, and sharing is as far as you get from being the -moral equivalent of attacking ships”. Attacking ships is bad, +moral equivalent of attacking ships.” Attacking ships is bad, sharing with other people is good, so we should firmly denounce that propaganda term “piracy” whenever we hear it.</p> @@ -882,7 +895,7 @@ really happy to support the artists.</p> <p>An idea just came to me. The player could also give you a certificate of having supported so-and-so, and it could even count up how many times you had done it and give you a certificate that says -“I sent so much to these artists”. There are various ways +“I sent so much to these artists.” There are various ways we could encourage people who want to do it.</p> <p>For instance, we could have a PR campaign which is friendly and @@ -920,17 +933,17 @@ to fit in with existing legal systems better to make it easier to enact.</p> <p>Be careful of proposals to “compensate the rights -holders”, because when they say “compensate”, +holders,” because when they say “compensate,” they're trying to presume that if you have appreciated a work, you now have a specific debt to somebody, and that you have to “compensate” that somebody. When they say “rights -holders”, it's supposed to make you think it's supporting +holders,” it's supposed to make you think it's supporting artists while in fact it's going to the publishers—the same publishers who basically exploit all the artists (except the few that you've all heard of, who are so popular that they have clout).</p> <p>We don't owe a debt; we have nobody that we have to -“compensate”. [But] supporting the arts is still a useful +“compensate.” [But] supporting the arts is still a useful thing to do. That was the motivation for copyright back when copyright fit in with the technology of the day. Today copyright is a bad way to do it, but it's still good to do it other ways that respect @@ -941,28 +954,27 @@ They shouldn't replace the three strikes punishment<a href="#footnote3">[3]</a>, good, and they've got to get rid of the censorship for the software to break DRM. Beware of ACTA—they're trying to negotiate a treaty between various countries, for all of these countries to attack their citizens, and we don't -know how because they won't tell us.</p></dd> - -</dl> +know how because they won't tell us.</p> <div class="column-limit"></div> -<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnotes</h3> +<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3> <ol> <li id="footnote1">In 2010, the encryption system for digital video output was -definitively cracked.<br /><a href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp">http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp</a></li> +<a href="https://www.pcmag.com/archive/hdcp-master-key-confirmed-blu-ray-content-vulnerable-254650"> +definitively cracked</a>.</li> <li id="footnote2">2015: I included scientific papers because I thought that publishing modified versions of someone else's paper would cause harm; however, publishing physics and math papers under the Creative Commons Attribution License -on <a href="//arxiv.org/">arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals seems to +on <a href="https://arxiv.org/">arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals seems to have no problems. Thus, I subsequently concluded that scientific papers ought to be free.</li> <li id="footnote3">New Zealand had enacted a system of punishment without trial for Internet users accused of copying; then, facing popular protest, the government did not implement it, and announced a plan to implement a modified unjust punishment system. The point here -was that they should not proceed to implement a replacement — -rather, they should have no such system. However, the words I used +was that they should not proceed to implement a replacement—rather, +they should have no such system. However, the words I used don't say this clearly. <br /> The New Zealand government subsequently implemented the punishment @@ -973,10 +985,11 @@ name of the book being read to Amazon servers; thus, Amazon knows every book that you read on the device, regardless of where you got the book.</li> </ol> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -994,13 +1007,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -1021,7 +1034,8 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021 Free Software +Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -1031,7 +1045,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2020/10/06 08:25:53 $ +$Date: 2021/09/05 07:59:44 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> |