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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html index 3959eee..2615b3c 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html @@ -1,35 +1,42 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> <h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual property”</h2> -<p> -by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p> +<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard +Stallman</a></address> <p> -<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail"> +<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property"> The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>, by Boldrin and Levine, argues on economic grounds that authors can make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.</p> <p> You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the -program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious +program is free, you will only sell one copy.” The obvious response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first -copy”.</p> +copy.”</p> <p> <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and -patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to -think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”. +patents and trademarks “property,” it leads people to +think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights.” The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in @@ -51,7 +58,7 @@ shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.</p> <p> I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual -property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic +property.” We need to call attention to the non-economic aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to @@ -60,10 +67,11 @@ economics.</p> <p> The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical. Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -81,13 +89,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -108,7 +116,7 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2003, 2022 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative @@ -118,7 +126,7 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +$Date: 2022/04/12 13:27:51 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> |