path: root/template/faq.html.j2

{% extends "common/base.j2" %}
{% block body_content %}
<main id="maincontent">
  <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
      <div class="col">
        <h1>{{ _("GNU Taler: Frequently Asked Questions") }}</h1>
      </div>
    </div>
    <h2>{{ _("How is Taler related to Bitcoin or Blockchains?") }}</h2>

    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Taler does not require any Blockchain technology, and is
        also not based on proof-of-work or any other distributed consensus
        mechanism.  Instead, Taler is based on blind signatures.
        However, it is theoretically possible to combine Taler with
        peer-to-peer crypto-currencies like Bitcoin.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <p>
      {% trans %}
        It would be possible, however, to withdraw coins denominated in
        Bitcoin into a Taler wallet (with an appropriate exchange), which
        would give some benefits over plain Bitcoin, such as instant
        confirmation times.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("Where is the balance in my wallet stored?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Your wallet stores digital cash and thus ultimately your computer holds your balance.
        The Taler Exchange keeps funds matching all unspent digital cash in a settlement account.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("What if my wallet is lost?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Since Taler's digital cash in your wallet is anonymized, the
        exchange cannot assist you in recovering a lost or stolen wallet.
        Just like with a physical wallet for cash, you are responsible for
        keeping it safe.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <p>
      {% trans %}
        The risk of losing a wallet can be mitigated by making backups or
        keeping the balance reasonably low.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("What if my computer is hacked?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        In case of a compromise of one of your devices, an attacker can spend digital cash from your wallet.
        Checking your balance might reveal to you whether your device has eventually been compromised.
        If a coin has been spent, this coin cannot be spent a second time.
        The Exchange examines every coin whether it has been spent and thus makes double spending impossible.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How do I install a Taler wallet on my browser?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}Please visit the <a href="https://wallet.taler.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
      Taler wallet install page</a> for browser extensions and select the wallet matching with your browser type.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How do I install a Taler wallet on my phone?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}Please visit an app store matching with your smartphone and select the Taler app.
      You will find links on <a href="https://wallet.taler.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
      the wallet install page</a> guiding you to the respective app stores.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("Can I send money to my friends with Taler?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Taler supports push and pull payments between wallets (also known as peer-to-peer payments).
        While the payment appears to be directly between wallets, technically the operation
        is intermediated by the payment service provider which will typically be legally required
        to identify the recipient of the funds before allowing the transaction to complete.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How does Taler handle payments in different currencies?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Taler wallets can store digital coins corresponding to multiple
        different currencies such as the Euro, US Dollars or Bitcoins.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Taler currently does not offer conversion between currencies.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How does Taler protect my privacy?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Your wallet stores digital coins that are
        <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_signature">blindly signed</a>
        by an exchange.  The use of a blind signature protects your
        privacy as it prevents the exchange from knowing which coin it signed
        for which customer.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>


    <h2>{{ _("How much does it cost?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        The Taler protocol allows any exchange to set its own fee
        structure, allowing operators to set fees for withdrawing, depositing,
        refreshing or refunding coins.  Operators can also charge fees for
        closing reserves and for (aggregated) wire transfers to merchants.
        Merchants may choose to cover some of the fees customers incur.
        Actual transaction costs are estimated around 0.001 cent/transaction
        (at high transaction rates, amortized over billions of transactions,
        excluding migration costs). Note that this is an early estimate,
        details may depend on hosting and backup requirements from the
        regulator and could thus easily be 10x higher.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("Does Taler work with international payments?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Taler&#39;s wallet supports multiple currencies, but the system
        currently does not support conversion between currencies.  However,
        in principle an entity that accepts deposits in one currency and
        allows withdrawals in another currency could be created. Still, the
        regulatory hurdles in this case tend to be particularly complex.
        The focus for Taler is on day-to-day payments, so we have no plans
        to support currency conversion in the near future.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How does Taler relate to the (European) Electronic Money Directive?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        We believe the European Electronic Money Directive provides part
        of the regulatory framework a Taler exchange with coins denominated
        in Euros would have to follow.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("What bank would guarantee the conversion between Taler coins and bank money in regular bank accounts?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        The exchange would be operated by a bank or in cooperation with a bank, and that bank
        would hold the funds in escrow respectively on an internal settlement account.
        Note that this bank could be a regular bank or a central bank for a central bank digital currency.
        Irrespective of this, the bank would fall under the relevant financial services regulations,
        which is one reason why consumers can rely on the conversion of Taler coins into normal bank money.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("To whom would consumers complain to in case of non-conversion or non-compliance?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        From a technical point of view, any exchange is audited by one or more independent auditors.
        Merchants and consumer wallets will report certain issues automatically to the auditors,
        but auditors may also provide a method for manual submission of issues.
        The auditors are expected to make their reports available to the respective regulatory authorities, or even the general public.
    </p>
    <p>
        From a legal point of view, users can always turn to their national authority responsible for
        settling disputes concerning the management of exchange services.
        For exchange services conducting business in Germany, this would be the general authority
        in charge of disputes (<a href="https://www.verbraucher-schlichter.de">Universalschlichtungsstelle des Bundes</a>).
        In addition to this, the European Online Dispute Resolution (see <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/odr">ODR</a>)
        as a platform provided by the European Commission can be called for the settlement of disputes
        concerning exchange services headquartered in member states of the European Union.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("Are there any projects already using Taler?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        We are aware of several businesses running exploratory projects or having
        developed working prototypes. We are also
        in discussions with several regular banks as well as several central banks
        about the project. That said, there are currently no products in the
        market yet, and we believe this would be premature given the state of
        the project (see also <a href="https://bugs.gnunet.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">our bugtracker</a>
        for a list of open issues).
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("Does Taler support recurring payments?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
        Today, our wallet implementation does not support recurring
        payments. Recurring payments, where some fixed amount is paid on a
        regular basis are in theory possible with Taler, but they come with a
        few caveats. Specifically, recurring payments can only work if the
        Taler wallet is running and online around the desired time.
        Furthermore, given their repetitive nature they are linkable, and
        could thus be used to deanonymize the user making the recurring
        payment, for example by forcing the user offline at the time of the
        payment and observing that it does then not happen on time.  Finally,
        the Taler wallet does not work with credit and thus the user would
        have to make sure to carry a sufficient balance for the recurring
        payment to be made. Still, they can be useful, and a future version of
        the Taler wallet will likely support them. But this is not a feature
        that we are targeting for Taler 1.0. at this time.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How do wire fees work?") }}</h2>
    <p>
       {% trans %}
        A <b>wire fee</b> is charged by Taler operators
        on outgoing wire transfers when Taler is used to wire
        funds into a bank account. Merchants are encouraged to allow Taler to
        delay and then aggregate many small payments into a single collective
        wire transfer to minimize wire transfer fees. For example, by
        configuring a <b>wire deadline</b> of one week, all payments within a
        week could be aggregated into a single wire transfer, and thus the wire
        transfer fee would only be charged once per week. The fee is simply
        subtracted from the total amount wired.
        {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How do deposit fees work?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
      Withdrawing 5&nbsp;CHF creates electronic coins with
      denominations of 0.04&nbsp;CHF, 0.16&nbsp;CHF, 0.32&nbsp;CHF,
      0.64&nbsp;CHF, 1.28&nbsp;CHF, and 2.56&nbsp;CHF. Paying 3.23&nbsp;CHF
      might then use the 0.04&nbsp;CHF, 0.64&nbsp;CHF and 2.56&nbsp;CHF coins,
      resulting in a total of 3.24&nbsp;CHF with 0.01&nbsp;CHF returned as
      change.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>
    <p class="flex-1">
      {% trans %}
      <b>Deposit fees</b> charged by Taler payment providers depend on the
      electronic coins used in the transaction.  For example,
      the deposit fee could be higher for a $1.28&nbsp;CHF coin than for a  a $0.01&nbsp;CHF coin. Your wallet will
      automatically try to select coins that minimize the
      fees you have to pay.
      Merchants can offer to pay
      deposit fees up to a specified limit; customers have to pay deposit
      fees that exceed what the merchant is willing to cover. Taler wallets
      inform customers about applicable deposit fees they have to pay before
      every transaction.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How do bounce fees work?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
      A <b>bounce fee</b> is charged by
      Taler operators to wire transfers that return funds to customers when
      either the Taler wallet did not withdraw the amount after
      <b>4 weeks</b>, or immediately if a wire transfer subject was used that
      is missing the required code to associate a wallet with the wire
      transfer. The fee is deducted from the amount transferred back to the
      original account.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
      To avoid paying bounce fees payers should be careful when
      entering the wire transfer subject, and ensure that their wallet is
      online within a month of initiating the withdrawal.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("How to avoid digital cash expiration?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
      Taler e-money is issued with a validity period.
      One month before the expiration
      date, you wallet should automatically exchange any digital cash that is about
      to expire for new digital cash with an extended validity period. However, if
      your wallet is offline for an extended period of time, it may be unable
      to do so. Ensure your wallet is regularly online to avoid losing money
      due to expiration!
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>

    <h2>{{ _("To whom would consumers complain to in case of non-conversion or non-compliance?") }}</h2>
    <p>
      {% trans %}
      In case that customers or merchants have reason to complain about the Taler payment system,
      Taler Operations AG will be their first point of contact. We are always grateful for your suggestions
      for improvement and for error messages. The best way to file these is done via our
      <a href="https://bugs.gnunet.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">bug tracker</a>.
      The ticket system makes it possible to submit reports anonymously.
      </p>
      <p>
      Taler Operations AG is a member at VQF, a Swiss association for the quality assurance of financial services
      (Verein zur Qualitätssicherung von Finanzdienstleistungen, General-Guisan-Str. 6, 6300 Zug,
      phone +41 41 763 28 20) where users could also turn to in case of complaints.
      {% endtrans %}
    </p>
  </div>
{% endblock body_content %}