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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title lang="en">GNU Taler - Taxable Anonymous Libre Electronic Reserves</title>
<title lang="fr">GNU Taler - Taxable Anonyme Libre Electronique Réserve</title>
<title lang="de">GNU Taler - Taxable Anonyme Liberal Electronische Reserven</title>
<title lang="it">GNU Taler</title>
<meta name="description" content="Anonymous electronic payments for civil society">
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<body class="en" onLoad="loadLang();">
<div class="container">
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<img align="middle" width="33%" src="/images/logo-2014-medium.png"></img>
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<h1 lang="en">Electronic payments for a liberal society!</h1>
<h1 lang="de">Elektronisches Bezahlen für eine freiheitliche Gesellschaft!</h1>
<h1 lang="fr">Paiements électroniques pour une société libre!</h1>
<h1 lang="it">Pagamenti elettronici per una società liberale!</h1>
<p lang="en">Taler is a new electronic payment system under development
at <a href="http://www.inria.fr/">Inria</a>. Today, this website only
presents the advantages our system is expected to provide. During
2015, we will make more code and documentation public. We expect to
make the payment system available to the general public in 2016.</p>
<p lang="de">Taler ist ein neues elektronisches Zahlungssystem, welches
bei <a href="http://www.inria.fr/">Inria</a> entwickelt wird. Zum
heutigen Tag zeigt diese Seite die Vorteile unseres Systems auf. Im
Laufe des Jahres 2015 sollen mehr Code sowie zusätzliche Dokumentation
öffentlich gemacht werden. Voraussichtlicher Startpunkt des
Zahlungssystems für den allgemeinen Gebrauch ist das Jahr
2016.</p>
<p lang="fr">Taler est nouveau système de paiement électronique en
développement à <a href="http://www.inria.fr/">Inria</a>. Ce site web
présente aujourd'hui seulement les avantages que notre système doit
fournir. Au cours de l'année 2015, nous ferons plus de code et de
documentation publique. Nous estimons pouvoir rendre le système de
paiement disponible au grand public en 2016.</p>
<p lang="it">Taler è un nuovo sistema di pagamento elettronico in fase di
sviluppo presso Inria. Oggi questo sito presenta solo i vantaggi che
ci si aspetta il nostro sistema fornisca. Durante il 2015, renderemo pubblici
più codici e più documentazione. Riteniamo di poter rendere il
sistema di pagamento disponibile al pubblico nel 2016.
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2 lang="en">Taxable</h2>
<h2 lang="de">Taxierbar</h2>
<h2 lang="fr">Taxable</h2>
<h2 lang="it">Tassabile</h2>
<p lang="en">Unlike BitCoin or cash payments, Taler ensures that
governments can easily track their citizen's income and thus collect
sales, value-added or income taxes. Taler is thus a currency for the
mainstream economy, and not the black market.</p>
<p lang="de">Anders als bei BitCoin oder Barzahlungen kann im
Taler-System das Einkommen von Staatsbürgern nachvollzogen werden
und aufgrund dieser Basis Umsatz-, Mehrwert- und Einkommensteuer
erhoben werden. Taler richtet sich daher an die reguläre
Wirtschaft und ist zur Verwendung auf dem Schwarzmarkt ungeeignet.</p>
<p lang="fr">Contrairement à BitCoin ou les paiements en liquide,
Taler permet aux gouvernements de tracer facilement les revenus de
leurs citoyens et donc de collecter les ventes, les plus values ou les
impots sur le revenu. Taler est donc une devise pour l'économie
dominante officielle et non pour le marché noir.</p>
<p lang="it">A differenza di BitCoin o del pagamento in contanti, Taler
assicura che i govrni possano facilmente tracciare il reddito dei loro
cittadini e di conseguenza riscuotere vendite, IVA o tasse. Taler è quindi
una valuta per un'economia tradizionale, e non per il mercato nero.
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/governments" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/governments" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/governments" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/governments" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2 lang="en">Anonymous</h2>
<h2 lang="de">Anonym</h2>
<h2 lang="fr">Anonyme</h2>
<h2 lang="it">Anonimo</h2>
<p lang="en">When you pay with Taler, your identity does not have to
be revealed to the merchant. The bank, government and mint will also
never learn how you spent your electronic money. However, you can
prove that you paid in court if necessary.</p>
<p lang="de">Ein Zahlungsvorgangs mit Taler hat nicht das Offenlegen
der Identität des Käufers gegenüber dem Händler zur
Folge. Banken, Regierungen und Münzanstalten können den
konkreten Verwendungszweck einer Transaktion nicht in Erfahrung
bringen. Trotzdem sind Zahlende in der Lage, die von ihnen
durchgeführten Transaktionen im Falle eines Gerichtsprozesses
kryptographisch nachzuweisen.</p>
<p lang="fr">Quand vous payez avec Taler, votre identité ne doit pas
être révélée au commerçant. La banque, le gouvernement et la monnaie
de Paris ne sauront pas non plus comment vous avez dépensé votre
monnaie électronique. Cependant, vous pouvez prouver que vous avez
payé par voie légale si nécessaire.</p>
<p lang="it">Quando paghi usando Taler, la tua identità non deve essere
rivelata al venditore. Anche la banca, il governo e la mint non sapranno
come spendi i tuoi soldi elettronici. Comunque, se necessario, è possibile
dimostrante durante un processo di aver pagato.</p>
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/citizens" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/citizens" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/citizens" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/citizens" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2 lang="en">Libre</h2>
<h2 lang="de">Liberal</h2>
<h2 lang="fr">Libre</h2>
<h2 lang="it">Libre</h2>
<p lang="en">Taler is free software from <a href="http://www.gnu.org/">GNU</a> implementing an open protocol.
Anybody is welcome to inspect our code and integrate our reference
implementation into their applications.</p>
<p lang="de">Taler ist freie Software des <a href="http://www.gnu.org/">GNU Projektes</a>, welche ein offenes Protokoll
implementiert. Der Code ist frei verfügbar und jeder ist
eingeladen, die Referenzimplementierung in eigene Projekte zu
übernehmen.</p>
<p lang="fr">Taler est un logiciel libre du <a href="http://www.gnu.org/">GNU</a> exécutant un protocole
ouvert. Vous pouvez tous inspecter notre code et intégrer notre mise
en oeuvre de référence dans vos applications.</p>
<p lang="it">Taler è un free software che utilizza un protocollo aperto. Chiunque
è benaccetto per esaminare il nostro codice e integrare le nostre implementazioni
di riferimento nelle loro applicazioni.</p>
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/developers" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/developers" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/developers" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/developers" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2 lang="en">Electronic</h2>
<h2 lang="de">Elektronisch</h2>
<h2 lang="fr">Électronique</h2>
<h2 lang="it">Elettronico</h2>
<p lang="en">Taler is designed to work on the Internet. Using a
so-called RESTful protocol over HTTP or HTTPS, Taler is easy to
integrate with existing Web applications.</p>
<p lang="de">Taler wurde zur Verwendung im Internet konzipiert. Durch
Einsatz eines REST-basierten Protokolls über HTTP oder HTTPS ist
Taler einfach in existierende Webapplikationen einzubinden.</p>
<p lang="fr">Taler est conçu pour fonctionner sur Internet. En
utilisant le protocole RESTful sur HTTP ou HTTPS, Taler est facile à
intégrer avec des application Web existantes..</p>
<p lang="it">Taler è progettato per funzionare su Internet. Usando un cosiddetto
protocollo RESTful su HTTP o HTTPS, Taler è facile da integrare con applicazioni
web già esistenti.</p>
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/merchants" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/merchants" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/merchants" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/merchants" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2 lang="en">Reserves</h2>
<h2 lang="de">Reserven</h2>
<h2 lang="fr">Réserve</h2>
<h2 lang="it">Riserva</h2>
<p lang="en">Taler uses an electronic mint holding financial
reserves in existing currencies. This means that Taler is not
a new currency with the inherent currency fluctuation risks, but
instead the digital coins correspond to existing currencies, such as
US Dollars, Euros or even BitCoins.</p>
<p lang="de">Taler benutzt eine elektronische Münzanstalt
die finanziellen Reserven in bestehenden Währungen hält.
Dies bedeutet, dass es sich
bei Taler nicht um eine neue Währung, der die üblichen
Risiken, die mit Währungsschwankungen einhergehen, handelt,
sondern um die digitale Repräsentation von Münzen, welche zu
bestehenden Währungen, wie zum Beispiel Euro, US-Dollar oder
sogar BitCoins korrespondieren.</p>
<p lang="fr" note="outdated">Taler fonctionne comme une trésorerie. Cela signifie que
Taler n'est pas une nouvelle devise avec les risques inhérents aux
fluctuations monétaires, mais la monnaie digitale équivaut plutot aux
monnaies existantes, comme le dollar Américain, l'Euro ou même le
BitCoin.</p>
<p lang="it" note="outdated">Taler opera come una riserva. Questo significa che Taler non
è una nuova valuta con l'intrinseco rischio di fluttuazione di valuta,
bensì le monete digitali corrispondono a valute esistenti, come dollari
americani, euro o persino BitCoin.</p>
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/investors" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/investors" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/investors" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/investors" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-4">
<h2>News</h2>
<p lang="en">Taler becomes a GNU package.</p>
<p lang="de">Taler wird ein GNU Paket.</p>
<p lang="fr">Taler intégre le GNU project.</p>
<p lang="it">Taler diventa parte del progetto GNU.</p>
<p><a lang="en" class="btn btn-primary" href="/news" role="button" lang="en">Learn more »</a></p>
<p><a lang="de" class="btn btn-primary" href="/news" role="button" lang="de">Mehr erfahren »</a></p>
<p><a lang="fr" class="btn btn-primary" href="/news" role="button" lang="fr">En savoir plus »</a></p>
<p><a lang="it" class="btn btn-primary" href="/news" role="button" lang="it">Scopri di più »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="jumbotron" align="left">
<h2 lang="en">Taler system overview</h1>
<h2 lang="de">Das Taler-System im Überblick</h1>
<h2 lang="fr" note="outdated"></h2>
<h2 lang="it" note="outdated"></h2>
<p lang="en">The Taler system consists of protocols and free software
implementations between a number of actors as illustrated in the
illustration above. Typical transactions involve the following steps:
<img src="images/system.svg" alt="system overview" style="float: right; margin: 5px 5px 5px 5px;" width="50%">
<ol>
<li lang="en">A customer instructs his <b>bank</b> to transfer funds
from his account to the Taler mint (top left). In the subject of
the transaction, he includes an authentication token from his
electronic <b>wallet</b>. In Taler terminology, the customer
creates a reserve at the mint.</li>
<li lang="en">Once the mint has received the transfer, it allows the
customer's electronic wallet to <b>withdraw</b> electronic coins.
The electronic coins are digital representations of the original
transfer. It is important to note that the mint does not learn
the "serial numbers" of the coins in this process, so it cannot
tell later which customer purchased what at which merchant.
The use of Taler does not change the currency or the
total value of the funds (except for fees which the mint may
charge for the service).</li>
<li lang="en">Once the customer has the digital coins in his wallet,
the wallet can be used to <b>spend</b> the coins with merchant
portals that support the Taler
payment system and accept the respective mint as a business
partner (bottom arrow). This creates a digital contract signed
by the customer's coins and the merchant. Assuming courts accept
cryptographic signatures, the customer can later use this digitally
signed contract in a court of law to prove the exact terms of
the contract and that he paid the respective amount. The customer
does not learn the banking details of the merchant, and Taler
does not require the merchant to learn the identity of the
customer. Naturally, the customer can spend any fraction of his
digital coins (the system takes care of customers getting
change).</li>
<li lang="en">Merchants receiving digital coins <b>deposits</b>
the respective receipts that resulted from the contract signing
with the customer at the mint to redeem the coins.
The deposit step does not reveal the learn the details of the
contract between the customer and the merchant or the identity
of the customer to the mint in any way. However, the mint
does learn the identity of the merchant via the provided bank
routing information. The merchant can, for example when
compelled by the state for taxation, provide information linking
the individual deposit to the respective contract signed by the
customer. Thus, the mint's database allows the state to enforce
that merchants pay applicable taxes (and do not engage in
illegal contracts).</li>
<li lang="en">Finally, the mint transfers funds corresponding to
the digital coins redeemed by the merchants to the merchant's
<b>bank</b> account. The mint may combine multiple small
transactions into one larger bank transfer.
The merchant can query the mint
about the relationship between the bank transfers and the
individual claims that were deposited.</li>
<li lang="en">Most importantly, the mint keeps cryptographic
proofs that allow it to demonstrate that it is operating
correctly to third parties. The system requires an external
<b>auditor</b>, such as a government-appointed financial regulatory
body, to frequently verify the mint's databases and check that
its bank balance matches the total value of the remaining coins
in circulation.</li>
<li lang="en">Without the auditor, the mint operators could
steal funds they are holding in reserve. Customers and merchants
cannot cheat each other or the mint. If any party's computers
are compromised, the financial damage is limited to the
respective party and proportional to the funds they
have in circulation during the period of the compromise.</li>
</ol>
</p>
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