commit fe5b74492d36827a8c0c5349d16ce4f5e353b3e7
parent 2110f764325d14a84ca824025199d8e7a750ad20
Author: Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 2026 22:57:35 +0200
leon
Diffstat:
4 files changed, 508 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/Makefile b/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/Makefile
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
# dg-fisma-2026 -- the Digital Euro / trilogue briefing
# dg-fisma-2026-alt -- the GNU Taler technology briefing
-DECKS = dg-fisma-2026 dg-fisma-2026-alt
+DECKS = dg-fisma-2026 dg-fisma-2026-alt fisma-leon
all: $(DECKS:=.pdf)
diff --git a/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/README b/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/README
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
Slide decks for the NGI TALER briefing to DG FISMA (European Commission),
-October 2026. Two decks, because the purpose of the meeting is ambiguous:
+October 2026. Three decks, because the purpose of the meeting is ambiguous:
dg-fisma-2026 The Digital Euro Regulation. Makes the case that the
trilogue is negotiating policy constraints on data the
@@ -11,12 +11,17 @@ October 2026. Two decks, because the purpose of the meeting is ambiguous:
out to want to learn about the project rather than to
discuss the Regulation.
+ fisma-leon Leon's deck (fismav7.pdf), translated 1:1 into the house
+ format: six trilogue tensions, six architectural options,
+ four asks. His argument, order and wording; our style.
+
Decide which to run in the first two minutes. Slide 19 of the alt deck
-("Where this touches your files") is the bridge back to the other deck.
+("Where this touches your files") is the bridge back to the digital-euro
+material.
-Build both with "make" (or run pdflatex twice by hand -- a single pass does
-not lay out the title page and frame titles correctly).
+Build all three with "make" (or run pdflatex twice by hand -- a single pass
+does not lay out the title page and frame titles correctly).
-NOTES.md and NOTES-alt.md record the sources behind every factual claim, and
-each carries a "do not say" list of claims that circulate in our own older
-decks but do not survive checking.
+NOTES.md, NOTES-alt.md and NOTES-leon.md record the sources behind the factual
+claims, and carry a "do not say" list of claims that circulate in our own
+older decks but do not survive checking.
diff --git a/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/dg-fisma-2026.pdf b/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/dg-fisma-2026.pdf
Binary files differ.
diff --git a/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/fisma-leon.tex b/presentations/2026-dg-fisma/fisma-leon.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+% Leon's DG FISMA deck (fismav7.pdf), translated 1:1 into the NGI TALER
+% house format. The argument, the slide order and the wording are his; only
+% the presentation style is ours.
+\documentclass[aspectratio=169,t]{beamer}
+\input taler-macros
+\usepackage{eurosym}
+\usepackage{array}
+\usepackage{booktabs}
+
+\newcommand{\TITLE}{NEXT \\ GENERATION \\ INTERNET}
+\newcommand{\SUB}{GNU Taler and the Digital Euro}
+\newcommand{\AUTHOR}{Leon Schumacher, Tanja Lange, Christian Grothoff}
+\newcommand{\SPEAKER}{Schumacher, Lange, Grothoff}
+\newcommand{\INST}{NGI TALER}
+\newcommand{\DATE}{\\ \ \vspace{0.5cm} \\ October 20\textsuperscript{th} 2026}
+
+% Do not edit this part
+\title{\TITLE}
+\subtitle{\SUB}
+\date{\DATE}
+\author[\SPEAKER]{\AUTHOR}
+\institute{\INST}
+
+% --- house-style helpers -------------------------------------------------
+\definecolor{talerdark}{RGB}{16,42,77}
+\definecolor{talerlight}{RGB}{232,238,247}
+\definecolor{talergreen}{RGB}{229,241,236}
+\definecolor{taleraccent}{RGB}{212,160,23}
+
+% A dark full-width callout with a small label in the margin.
+\newcommand{\callout}[2]{%
+ \begin{center}
+ {\setlength{\fboxsep}{4pt}\colorbox{talerdark}{%
+ \begin{minipage}{0.93\textwidth}
+ \raggedright\color{white}\footnotesize
+ {\color{taleraccent}\scriptsize\bf #1}\hspace{0.8em}#2
+ \end{minipage}}}%
+ \end{center}}
+
+% A light full-width callout.
+\newcommand{\lightnote}[1]{%
+ \begin{center}
+ {\setlength{\fboxsep}{4pt}\colorbox{talerlight}{%
+ \begin{minipage}{0.93\textwidth}
+ \raggedright\scriptsize #1
+ \end{minipage}}}%
+ \end{center}}
+
+% A boxed column: #1 heading, #2 body, #3 width.
+\newcommand{\cbox}[3]{%
+ {\setlength{\fboxsep}{4pt}\colorbox{talerlight}{%
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{#3}
+ \raggedright
+ {\footnotesize\bf #1}\\[2pt]{\scriptsize #2}
+ \end{minipage}}}}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+\maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 2
+\begin{frame}{Three payment architectures}
+ \framesubtitle{Architecture choice}
+ \small
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4.4cm}@{\ }>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4.4cm}@{\ }>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4.4cm}@{}}
+ {\bf Account/card $+$ Identity} & {\bf Stablecoin / Blockchain / DLT}
+ & {\bf Bearer-style digital cash} \\[2pt]
+ ID gives access to the money. & Secret private key gives access to the
+ money. & Holding the money gives access to the money. \\[6pt]
+ \midrule
+ {\bf Designed for human-linked payments.}
+ & {\bf Key management and on/off ramps are burdens.}
+ & {\bf Regulated funding and redemption through banking system.} \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+ \callout{A NEW DESIGN}{Use bearer-style, pre-funded digital cash for the
+ digital-cash payment loop, while banks and PSPs remain the rails for
+ funding, redemption and compliance.}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 3
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\Large}
+\begin{frame}{Open-source digital cash for sovereign currencies}
+ \framesubtitle{What Taler is}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\tiny,
+ box/.style={draw=talerdark!40, fill=talerlight, rounded corners=2pt,
+ text width=2.3cm, align=left, inner sep=3pt, minimum height=1.35cm,
+ anchor=north west,
+ execute at begin node={\hyphenpenalty=10000\exhyphenpenalty=10000}},
+ arr/.style={-latex, talerdark, thick}]
+ \node[box] (a) at (0,0)
+ {{\bf Regulated funding}\\[2pt] Bank or PSP transfer into the
+ exchange. KYC and AML are applied here.};
+ \node[box] (b) at (2.75,0)
+ {{\bf Taler wallet}\\[2pt] Software on the user's device. No bank
+ login or card is stored.};
+ \node[box] (c) at (5.5,0)
+ {{\bf Private payment}\\[2pt] The merchant does not learn who pays.
+ Withdrawal and payment cannot be linked.};
+ \node[box] (d) at (8.25,0)
+ {{\bf Accountable merchant}\\[2pt] Identified recipient. Income stays
+ visible and auditable.};
+ \node[box] (e) at (11,0)
+ {{\bf Settlement}\\[2pt] Euro paid out to the merchant's bank
+ account.};
+ \foreach \x in {2.3,5.05,7.8,10.55}
+ \draw[arr] (\x,-0.75) -- (\x+0.4,-0.75);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{2pt}
+ \begin{center}
+ {\scriptsize Euro / sovereign fiat \ $\cdot$\ No new currency or token
+ \ $\cdot$\ Not a cryptocurrency \ $\cdot$\ Free / open-source
+ software (GNU) \ $\cdot$\ Regulated operators}
+ \end{center}
+ \vspace{2pt}
+ \callout{DESIGN PRINCIPLE}{Privacy for the payer, transparency for the
+ recipient and authorities, regulation where money enters and leaves.}
+ \callout{NON-EXCLUSIVE SOVEREIGNTY}{A FLOSS system can provide maximum
+ sovereignty to any and/or all countries.}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 4
+\begin{frame}{One payment, five steps}
+ \framesubtitle{How Taler works}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\scriptsize,
+ lane/.style={draw=talerdark!40, fill=talerlight, rounded corners=2pt,
+ text width=2.5cm, align=center, inner sep=3pt},
+ msg/.style={-latex, talerdark, thick}]
+ \node[lane] (banks) at (0,0) {{\bf Banks}\\[1pt] customer \& merchant};
+ \node[lane, fill=talerdark, text=white] (ex) at (3.7,0)
+ {{\bf Exchange}\\[1pt] regulated operator};
+ \node[lane, fill=talergreen] (wa) at (7.4,0)
+ {{\bf Wallet}\\[1pt] user's device};
+ \node[lane] (me) at (11.1,0) {{\bf Merchant}\\[1pt] identified};
+ \foreach \n in {banks,ex,wa,me}
+ \draw[talerdark!30, dashed] (\n.south) -- ++(0,-3.25);
+ \tikzset{lbl/.style={above, font=\tiny, inner sep=1.5pt}}
+ \draw[msg] (0,-0.88) -- node[lbl]{1 $\cdot$ Euro paid in; KYC/AML here} (3.7,-0.88);
+ \draw[msg] (3.7,-1.43) -- node[lbl]{2 $\cdot$ Exchange blind-signs coins} (7.4,-1.43);
+ \draw[msg] (7.4,-1.98) -- node[lbl]{3 $\cdot$ Wallet pays with coins} (11.1,-1.98);
+ \draw[msg] (11.1,-2.53) -- node[lbl]{4 $\cdot$ Deposit; double-spend check} (3.7,-2.53);
+ \draw[msg] (3.7,-3.08) -- node[lbl]{5 $\cdot$ Aggregated payout in euro} (0,-3.08);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+ \callout{PRIVACY}{Blind signatures let the exchange see every withdrawal and
+ every deposit, but never link the two.\\
+ {\color{taleraccent}\scriptsize\bf MONEY}\hspace{0.8em}Customer funds
+ sit in the exchange operator's segregated bank account.}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 5
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\Large}
+\begin{frame}{Three architectures for digital payments}
+ \framesubtitle{How Taler differs}
+ \scriptsize
+ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.0}
+ \vspace{6pt}
+ {\centering
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{2.9cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{3.2cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{3.5cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{3.6cm}@{}}
+ & {\bf Card / account $+$ identity} & {\bf Stablecoin / blockchain}
+ & {\bf Taler digital cash} \\
+ \midrule
+ {\bf What intermediaries see} & Payer identity and full purchase history
+ & Every transfer on a ledger; addresses can often be traced to people
+ & Withdrawals and deposits, never who bought what \\
+ {\bf What the money is} & Commercial bank money
+ & An issuer's token backed by reserves (MiCA)
+ & Existing fiat held by a regulated operator; no new token \\
+ {\bf Per-payment cost} & Scheme, acquirer and issuer fees
+ & Network fees plus on- and off-ramp costs
+ & Low processing overhead; payouts can be aggregated \\
+ {\bf Best fit} & Identified commerce, disputes, credit
+ & Programmable and cross-border transfers
+ & Private online, low-value and machine-to-machine payments \\
+ \end{tabular}\par}
+ \vfill
+ \lightnote{Banks and PSPs stay the rails for funding, redemption and
+ compliance. Only the payment step changes.}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 6
+\begin{frame}{Live today, from shop counters to AI agents}
+ \framesubtitle{Taler in operation}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{1.45cm}\centering
+ \includegraphics[height=1.85cm]{images/op-mobile-qr.png}\\
+ {\tiny Mobile QR}\end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{1.45cm}\centering
+ \includegraphics[height=1.85cm]{images/op-link-message.png}\\
+ {\tiny Link by message}\end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{1.8cm}\centering
+ \includegraphics[height=1.85cm]{images/op-vending.png}\\
+ {\tiny Vending machine}\end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{2.6cm}\centering
+ \includegraphics[height=1.85cm]{images/op-pos.png}\\
+ {\tiny Physical point of sale}\end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[b]{5.3cm}\centering
+ \includegraphics[height=1.85cm]{images/op-agent.png}\\
+ {\tiny AI agent pays per access, no account needed
+ (HTTP 402; paivana.ai/demos)}\end{minipage}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ \cbox{Switzerland {\scriptsize\em Live}}{AML supervision through VQF, a
+ FINMA-recognised SRO.}{0.215\textwidth}\hfill
+ \cbox{Hungary {\scriptsize\em Q1 2027}}{Planned go-live through Magnet
+ Bank.}{0.215\textwidth}\hfill
+ \cbox{Euro area {\scriptsize\em Next}}{Licensing under NGI Taler
+ (Horizon Europe).}{0.215\textwidth}\hfill
+ \cbox{EU open stack}{Payment component of SuperStack (DG
+ CONNECT).}{0.215\textwidth}
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 7
+\begin{frame}{Six recurring design tensions}
+ \framesubtitle{The trilogue}
+ {\scriptsize The debate is not whether Europe needs public digital money,
+ but how private, accessible, useful, open and sustainable it should be.}
+ \vspace{2pt}
+ \scriptsize
+ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.0}
+ \vspace{4pt}
+ {\centering
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}c
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4.6cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{3.2cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{5.6cm}@{}}
+ {\bf \#} & {\bf Tension} & {\bf Policy goal} & {\bf Competing constraints} \\
+ \midrule
+ 1 & Privacy vs AML & Cash-like payer privacy
+ & Traceability, AML, sanctions, fraud controls \\
+ 2 & Inclusion vs KYC & Universal wallet access
+ & Account-style onboarding and de-risking \\
+ 3 & Holding limits vs bank stability & A useful balance
+ & No deposit flight from banks \\
+ 4 & Merchant fees vs PSP compensation & Low acceptance costs
+ & Recovering PSP distribution and compliance costs \\
+ 5 & Distribution vs gatekeepers & Open access
+ & Banks and PSPs as mandatory intermediaries \\
+ 6 & Sovereignty vs centralisation & European technical autonomy
+ & Concentration in one payment infrastructure \\
+ \end{tabular}\par}
+ \vfill
+ \lightnote{{\bf Taler's approach:} reduce these conflicts in the
+ architecture, before regulation has to reconcile them.}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 8
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\Large}
+\begin{frame}{Private online payments, without weakening AML}
+ \framesubtitle{Tensions 1 $+$ 2}
+ \small\raggedright
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talerlight}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \vspace{2pt}{\bf Digital euro as designed today}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize {\bf Offline:} only payer and payee know the transaction
+ details. Compliance faces the physical cash challenges.\\[2pt]
+ {\bf Online:} the user's PSP sees and stores all transaction details
+ for compliance; privacy rests on access rules.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talergreen}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \vspace{2pt}{\bf With Taler}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize {\bf Online:} the merchant does not learn the payer, and
+ no intermediary can rebuild a purchase history.\\[2pt]
+ Privacy by construction, not by access rules. This closes the online
+ gap.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vfill
+ \scriptsize
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.31\textwidth}
+ \raggedright
+ {\bf Inclusion}\\ Installing and holding a wallet needs no KYC and no
+ account.
+ \end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.31\textwidth}
+ \raggedright
+ {\bf AML at the perimeter}\\ KYC and thresholds apply where euro enters or
+ leaves; merchant income is identified.
+ \end{minipage}\hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.31\textwidth}
+ \raggedright
+ {\bf Peer-to-peer}\\ The exchange can require KYC from a receiving wallet
+ above set limits.
+ \end{minipage}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------- slide 9
+\begin{frame}{Holding limits and merchant fees}
+ \framesubtitle{Tensions 3 $+$ 4}
+ \small\raggedright
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \raggedright
+ {\bf 3 $\cdot$ Holding limits}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize {\em Today:} wallet balances are ECB liabilities, so one
+ universal cap is negotiated to protect bank deposits.\\[3pt]
+ {\em Taler option:} balances are regulated private money, so limits
+ follow KYC and risk tiers instead of one cap.}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \raggedright
+ {\bf 4 $\cdot$ Merchant fees}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize {\em Today:} acquirer, scheme, issuer and settlement layers
+ mean the law must decide who pays, how much and for how long.\\[3pt]
+ {\em Taler option:} lowest per-payment overhead, settlement aggregatable
+ into periodic bank transfers, and commercial services competing above an
+ open protocol.\\[3pt]
+ {\bf Result:} sub-cent payments become viable.}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vfill
+ \lightnote{The question moves from ``how much ECB money may each person
+ hold?'' to ``which controls fit this instrument and risk tier?''}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+% --------------------------------------------------------------- slide 10
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\begin{frame}{Open distribution and sovereignty, without a new monopoly}
+ \framesubtitle{Tensions 5 $+$ 6}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[font=\tiny,
+ sat/.style={draw=talerdark!40, fill=talerlight, rounded corners=2pt,
+ text width=2.9cm, align=left, inner sep=3pt,
+ execute at begin node={\hyphenpenalty=10000\exhyphenpenalty=10000}},
+ spoke/.style={talerdark!50}]
+ \node[circle, fill=talerdark, text=white, align=center,
+ minimum size=1.7cm, font=\scriptsize] (hub) at (0,0)
+ {{\bf Open Taler}\\{\bf protocol}};
+ \node[sat] (cb) at (-4.6,1.25) {{\bf Commercial banks}\\ Funding,
+ wallets, exchange services};
+ \node[sat] (fp) at ( 4.6,1.25) {{\bf Fintechs and PSPs}\\ Services on the
+ same protocol};
+ \node[sat, fill=talergreen] (pi) at (-4.6,-1.0) {{\bf Public
+ institutions}\\ Access without being sole operator};
+ \node[sat] (mp) at ( 4.6,-1.0) {{\bf Merchant providers}\\ Compete on
+ acceptance and UX};
+ \node[sat, fill=talergreen, text width=3.2cm, align=center] (iw)
+ at (0,-2.05) {{\bf Independent wallets}\\ Not tied to one bank or
+ scheme};
+ \foreach \n in {cb,fp,pi,mp,iw} \draw[spoke] (hub) -- (\n);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ {\footnotesize {\bf Standardise the protocol; let regulated operators
+ compete above it.}\\
+ {\bf One open solution that can provide sovereignty without exclusivity
+ to any country.}}
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% --------------------------------------------------------------- slide 11
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\Large}
+\begin{frame}{Six tensions, six architectural options}
+ \framesubtitle{Summary}
+ \footnotesize
+ \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{@{}c
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4.3cm}
+ >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{7.6cm}@{}}
+ {\bf \#} & {\bf Tension} & {\bf Taler option} \\
+ \midrule
+ 1 & Privacy vs AML & Unlinkable payer online; identified merchant;
+ controls at entry and exit \\
+ 2 & Inclusion vs KYC & Wallet without account or KYC; KYC applies at
+ funding and withdrawal \\
+ 3 & Holding limits vs bank stability & Private regulated balances;
+ limits set by KYC and risk tier \\
+ 4 & Merchant fees vs PSP compensation & Low per-payment overhead;
+ aggregated settlement \\
+ 5 & Distribution vs gatekeepers & Banks, PSPs, public bodies and
+ independent wallets on one protocol \\
+ 6 & Sovereignty vs centralisation & Open source, multiple regulated
+ operators, no single scheme owner \\
+ \end{tabular}
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% --------------------------------------------------------------- slide 12
+{\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\Large}
+\begin{frame}{What we ask of DG FISMA before the trilogue closes}
+ \framesubtitle{Our ask}
+ \small\raggedright
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talerdark}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \color{white}\vspace{2pt}
+ {\color{taleraccent}\bf 1}\ {\bf A technical workshop}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize With DG FISMA [and ECB] experts in [November 2026], on
+ unlinkable online payments and AML at the perimeter.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talerdark}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \color{white}\vspace{2pt}
+ {\color{taleraccent}\bf 2}\ {\bf Technology-neutral privacy wording}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize Allow online privacy by cryptographic design, not only
+ through rules on who may access data.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vspace{6pt}
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talerdark}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \color{white}\vspace{2pt}
+ {\color{taleraccent}\bf 3}\ {\bf Room for open protocols}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize Keep distribution open to open-standard, multi-operator
+ architectures and non-bank PSPs.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hfill
+ \begin{minipage}[t]{0.47\textwidth}
+ \colorbox{talerdark}{\begin{minipage}[t]{\dimexpr\linewidth-2\fboxsep}
+ \raggedright
+ \color{white}\vspace{2pt}
+ {\color{taleraccent}\bf 4}\ {\bf An evaluation in the pilot}\\[3pt]
+ {\footnotesize Benchmark Taler for online privacy and sub-cent payments
+ during the 2027 pilot.}\vspace{3pt}
+ \end{minipage}}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ Taler is an open, existing European architecture that can help the digital
+ euro meet its own objectives.
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}}
+
+
+% --------------------------------------------------------------- slide 13
+\begin{frame}{Acknowledgements}
+
+ \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth} \ \\
+ {\tiny Funded by the European Union (Project 101135475).}
+
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{images/bandera.jpg}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{minipage}
+ \hfill
+ \begin{minipage}{0.45\textwidth}
+ {\tiny Funded by SERI (HEU-Projekt 101135475-TALER).}
+
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{images/sbfi.jpg}
+ \end{center}
+ \end{minipage}
+
+ \vfill
+
+ {\tiny
+
+ Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only
+ and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the
+ European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for
+ them.
+
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
