commit b63d2e10c33548bb5951c797524d07ffa0454d8a
parent 12ff3b9284387cca845e052568d0aa28a914e11b
Author: Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org>
Date: Sun, 3 Jul 2022 18:58:21 +0200
intro for DZ
Diffstat:
2 files changed, 549 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/presentations/bank/intro.tex b/presentations/bank/intro.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+\pdfminorversion=3
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+\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
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+
+\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
+\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
+\usetikzlibrary{calc}
+
+\title{GNU Taler}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{\includegraphics[width=0.5cm]{gnu.png}\hfill}
+%\setbeamercovered{transparent=1}
+
+\author{F. Dold, C. Grothoff, L. Schumacher}
+\date{\today}
+\institute{Taler Systems SA}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\justifying
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \begin{center}
+ \LARGE {\bf GNU}
+
+ \vfill
+ \includegraphics[width=0.66\textwidth]{taler-logo-2021-inkscape.pdf}
+ \end{center}
+\begin{textblock*}{4cm}(.5cm,6.5cm) % {block width} (coords)
+ {\Large {\bf \url{taler.net}} \\
+ IRC{\bf \#taler} \\
+ {\small (on freenode)} \\
+ twitter@taler \\
+ mail@taler.net }
+\end{textblock*}
+
+% Substitute based on who is giving the talk!
+ \begin{textblock*}{6cm}(6.7cm,7.7cm) % {block width} (coords)
+ {\hfill {\Large {\bf Florian Dold \&} \\
+ \hfill {\bf Christian Grothoff}} \\
+ \hfill \{dold,grothoff\}@taler.net }
+\end{textblock*}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ {\bf Part I: Introduction}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Three Futures}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 4em and 4.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (china) [def, draw, above left=of origin]{Chinese Model};
+ \node (defi) [def, draw, above right=of origin] {DeFi / DLT Model};
+ \node (taler) [def, draw, below=of origin] {Taler};
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+ \draw [->, C] (defi) -- (taler) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {regulate};
+ \draw [->, C] (defi) -- (taler) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {centralize};
+ \draw [->, C] (china) -- (taler) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {privacy};
+ \draw [->, C] (china) -- (taler) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {Free Software};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Design goals for the GNU Taler Payment System}
+GNU Taler must ...
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item {... be implemented as {\bf free software}.}
+ \item {... protect the {\bf privacy of buyers}.}
+ \item {... must enable the state to {\bf tax income} and crack down on
+ illegal business activities.}
+ \item {... prevent payment fraud.}
+ \item {... only {\bf disclose the minimal amount of information
+ necessary}.}
+ \item {... be usable.}
+ \item {... be efficient.}
+ \item {... avoid single points of failure.}
+ \item {... foster {\bf competition}.}
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{How does Taler operate?}
+ \vfill
+\begin{center}
+\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{operations.png}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Taler Overview}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 5em and 6.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (exchange) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Exchange};
+ \node (customer) [def, draw, below left=of origin] {Customer};
+ \node (merchant) [def, draw, below right=of origin] {Merchant};
+ \node (auditor) [def, draw, above right=of origin]{Auditor};
+
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (exchange) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {withdraw coins};
+ \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (merchant) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {deposit coins};
+ \draw [<-, C] (merchant) -- (customer) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {spend coins};
+ \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (auditor) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {verify};
+
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{GNU Taler Properties}
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item Enhanced digital efficiency (usability, convenience, speed)
+ \item Cash-like features (one-sided privacy, viable microtransactions)
+ \item Competitive features (age-restrictions, p2p payments, etc.)
+ \item Enhanced monetary policy options (friendly for central banks)
+ \item Increased resilience (full-stack replacement)
+ \item Internationally usable (including unbanked or tourists)
+ \item Low-cost and thus environmentally friendly
+ \item Free Software provides provider-neutral infrastructure
+ \item Compliant with regulation (AML, KYC, CFT) as privacy is one-sided and payments remain intermediated
+ \item Non-core components to be operated by private entities
+ \item Protocol is an open standard with freely available reference implementations
+ \item Possibility to limit amounts withdrawn by non-residents
+ \item Uses modern cryptography, highly regarded peer-reviewed design and implementation
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Application Domains}
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Commercial bank payments
+ \item Central bank digital currency
+ \item Tokenization of digital assets
+ \item Layer-2 solution for crypto-currencies
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{Architecture}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ {\bf Part II: Architecture}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+\end{frame}
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Option 1: Central Bank as Pure Regulator}
+\begin{adjustbox}{max totalsize={.9\textwidth}{.7\textheight},center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 6em and 6.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (central) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Central Bank};
+ \node (banka) [def, draw, below right=of exchange] {Commercial Bank B};
+ \node (bankb) [def, draw, below left=of exchange] {Commercial Bank A};
+ \node (consumera) [def, draw, below=of banka] {Consumers};
+ \node (consumerb) [def, draw, below=of bankb] {Consumers};
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [->, C] (central) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {supervision};
+ \draw [->, C] (central) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {supervision};
+ \draw [<->, C] (banka) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {settlement};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumerb) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumerb) -- (bankb) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{adjustbox}
+The central bank could leave the operation of the core system to commercial
+banks (see Auer, BIS 2021) and focus on (real-time) supervision of the system.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Option 2: Central Bank as Core System Operator}
+\begin{adjustbox}{max totalsize={.9\textwidth}{.7\textheight},center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 6em and 6.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (central) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Central Bank};
+ \node (banka) [def, draw, below right=of exchange] {Commercial Bank B};
+ \node (bankb) [def, draw, below left=of exchange] {Commercial Bank A};
+ \node (consumera) [def, draw, below=of banka] {Consumers};
+ \node (consumerb) [def, draw, below=of bankb] {Consumers};
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [<->, C] (central) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+ \draw [<->, C] (central) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+ \draw [<-, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<-, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+ \draw [<-, C] (consumerb) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<-, C] (consumerb) -- (bankb) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{adjustbox}
+If the central bank operates the core system, interbank settlements
+are no longer required.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Option 3: Central Bank M.I.A.}
+\begin{adjustbox}{max totalsize={.9\textwidth}{.7\textheight},center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 6em and 6.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (central) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Regulator / Auditor};
+ \node (banka) [def, draw, below right=of exchange] {Commercial Bank C};
+ \node (bankb) [def, draw, below left=of exchange] {Commercial Bank A};
+ \node (bankc) [def, draw, below =of exchange] {Commercial Bank B};
+ \node (consumera) [def, draw, below=of banka] {Consumers};
+ \node (consumerb) [def, draw, below=of bankb] {Consumers};
+ \node (consumerc) [def, draw, below=of bankc] {Consumers};
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [->, C] (central) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {supervision};
+ \draw [->, C] (central) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {supervision};
+ \draw [->, C] (central) -- (bankc) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {supervision};
+ \draw [<->, C] (banka) -- (bankc) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {settlement};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumerb) -- (bankb) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumera) -- (banka) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumerc) -- (bankc) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {KYC};
+ \draw [<->, C] (consumerc) -- (bankc) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {transact};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{adjustbox}
+If participation is voluntary, bank $A$ may not offer GNU Taler, or not
+settle with other banks. Its customers may of course choose to be onboarded via
+other banks to avoid being excluded.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Bank Operator Perspective}
+\begin{adjustbox}{max totalsize={.9\textwidth}{.7\textheight},center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 5em and 6.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (exchange) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Exchange};
+ \node (nexus) [def, draw, below right=of exchange] {Nexus};
+ \node (corebanking) [def, draw, below left=of nexus] {Core Banking};
+ \node (nginx) [def, draw, above=of exchange]{Nginx};
+ \node (postgres) [def, draw, below left=of exchange]{Postgres};
+ \node (postgres-nexus) [def, draw, below right=of nexus]{Postgres};
+
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (nginx) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {REST API};
+ \draw [<-, C] (postgres) -- (exchange) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {SQL};
+ \draw [<-, C] (postgres-nexus) -- (nexus) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {SQL};
+ \draw [<-, C] (nexus) -- (exchange) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Internal REST API};
+ \draw [<-, C] (corebanking) -- (nexus) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {EBICS/FinTS};
+
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{adjustbox}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Regulator Perspective}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance=2em and 2.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (httpd) [def,above left=of origin,draw]{auditor-httpd};
+ \node (report) [def,above right=of origin,draw]{auditor-report};
+ \node (postgres-A) [def, draw, below=of origin] {Postgres (Auditor)};
+ \node (postgres-E) [def, draw, below=of postgres-A] {Postgres (Bank)};
+
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [->, C] (postgres-E) -- (postgres-A) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {sync};
+ \draw [<->, C] (httpd) -- (postgres-A) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {};
+ \draw [<->, C] (report) -- (postgres-A) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Retailer Perspective}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 5em and 4.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (frontend) [def,above=of origin,draw]{merchant-frontend};
+ \node (backend) [def,below=of frontend,draw]{taler-backend};
+ \node (postgres) [def, draw, below left=of backend] {Postgres};
+ \node (sqlite) [def, draw, below=of backend] {Sqlite};
+ \node (alt) [def, draw, below right=of backend] {...};
+
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+
+ \draw [->, C] (frontend) -- (backend) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {REST API};
+ \draw [<->, C] (backend) -- (postgres) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {SQL};
+ \draw [<->, C] (backend) -- (sqlite) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {SQL};
+ \draw [<->, C] (backend) -- (alt) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {SQL};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Consumer Perspective}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tikzpicture}
+ \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 5em and 4.5em, inner sep=1em, outer sep=.3em];
+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {};
+ \node (android) [def,above right=of origin,draw]{Android App};
+ \node (ios) [def,above left=of origin,draw]{iOS App};
+ \node (browser) [def,above=of origin,draw]{Browser Extension};
+ \node (core) [def,below=of browser,draw]{wallet-core};
+ \node (sync) [def, draw, below left=of core] {Sync};
+ \node (taler) [def, draw, below=of core] {Taler};
+ \node (anastasis) [def, draw, below right=of core] {Anastasis};
+ \node (taldir) [def, draw, left=of core] {TalDir};
+ \node (mailbox) [def, draw, right=of core] {Mailbox};
+
+ \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]
+ \draw [->, C] (ios) -- (core) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {};
+ \draw [->, C] (android) -- (core) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {};
+ \draw [->, C] (browser) -- (core) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {};
+ \draw [->, C] (core) -- (sync) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Backup};
+ \draw [->, C] (core) -- (taler) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Payment};
+ \draw [->, C] (core) -- (anastasis) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Key Escrow};
+ \draw [->, C] (core) -- (taldir) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Registration};
+ \draw [->, C] (core) -- (mailbox) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {Messaging};
+\end{tikzpicture}
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Deployment}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \vfill
+ \begin{center}
+ {\bf Part III: Deployment}
+ \end{center}
+ \vfill
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Alpha: internal-only}
+Objective:
+\begin{center}
+{\bf Bank staff to gain first operational experience.}
+\end{center}
+Proposed setup:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Nexus with key material for escrow bank account
+ \item Taler exchange with Nexus banking backend
+ \item Offline key signing
+ \end{itemize}
+Proposed timeline: Q4-2022.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Alpha: internal-only}
+Technical tasks in Alpha phase:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Setup minimal merchant, run test transactions $\Rightarrow$ Integration test
+ \item Document and verify procedures (setup, maintenance, disaster recovery)
+ \item Database synchronization setup with auditor ($\Rightarrow$ generate audit reports)
+ \item Test KYC integration {\bf (*)}
+ \item Test system upgrade procedure {\bf (*)}
+ \item Test system termination (out-of-business) procedure {\bf (*)}
+\end{itemize}
+Once Alpha is complete and BaFin approved {\bf (*)}, move to Beta phase.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Beta: invitation-only}
+Objectives:
+\begin{center}
+{\bf Merchants gain first operational experience.} \\
+{\bf Taler/Bank gain first support experience.}
+\end{center}
+Changes to setup:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Limit access to production system (operational security)
+ \item Synchronous backup to Auditor and locally
+ \item Deploy legally binding ToS/PP
+ \end{itemize}
+Proposed timeline: Q1-Q2'2023.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}{Beta: invitation-only}
+Technical tasks in Beta phase:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Onboard first merchant(s) with limited reach
+ \item Develop customer support procedures
+ \item Security audit of operational security
+ \item Integrate system monitoring (load, disk capacity, etc.)
+ \item Verify deployment is {\bf reproducibly deterministic}
+\end{itemize}
+Once everyone is happy with Beta, move to production.
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Do you have any questions?}
+\vfill
+References:
+{\tiny
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item{Martin Summer and Hannes Hermanky.
+ {\em A digital euro and the future of cash}.
+ {\bf Monetary Policy \& The Economy Q1-Q2/22}, 2022.}
+ \item{David Chaum, Christian Grothoff and Thomas Moser.
+ {\em How to issue a central bank digital currency}.
+ {\bf SNB Working Papers}, 3/2021.}
+ \item{Antoine d'Aligny, Emmanuel Benoist and Christian Grothoff.
+ {\em Project Depolymerization: Tokenization of Blockchains}.
+ {\bf BRAINS'22}, 2022.}
+ \item{Antoine d'Aligny, Emmanuel Benoist, Florian Dold, Christian Grothoff, \"Ozg\"ur Kesim and Martin Schanzenbach.
+ {\em Who comes after us? The correct mindset for designing a Central Bank Digital Currency}.
+ {\bf SUREF Policy Note}, Issue No 279, May 2022.}
+ \item{Marco Boss.
+ {\em GNU Taler Scalability}.
+ {\bf Bachelor Thesis, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2022}.}
+ \item{Gian Demarmels and Lucien Heuzeveldt.
+ {\em Adding Schnorr's Blind Signature in Taler}.
+ {\bf Bachelor Thesis, Bern University of Applied Sciences, 2021}.}
+ \item{Florian Dold.
+ {\em The GNU Taler System: Practical and Provably Secure Electronic Payments}.
+ {\bf PhD Thesis, University of Rennes, 2019}.}
+ \item{Christian Grothoff and Alex Pentland.
+ {\em Digital cash and privacy: What are the alternatives to Libra?}.
+ {\bf MIT Media Lab}, 2019.}
+ \item{Jeffrey Burdges, Florian Dold, Christian Grothoff and Marcello Stanisci.
+ {\em Enabling Secure Web Payments with GNU Taler}.
+ {\bf SPACE 2016}.}
+ \item{Florian Dold, Sree Harsha Totakura, Benedikt M\"uller, Jeffrey Burdges and Christian Grothoff.
+ {\em Taler: Taxable Anonymous Libre Electronic Reserves}.
+ Available upon request. 2016.}
+ \item{David Chaum, Amos Fiat and Moni Naor.
+ {\em Untraceable electronic cash}.
+ {\bf Proceedings on Advances in Cryptology, 1990}.}
+\end{enumerate}
+}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
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