commit 1f11cb043adeb663fbb960cc435774d13a8181ff parent 26492af032fe4e8b6c1586399d2717457e4338bd Author: Florian Dold <florian@dold.me> Date: Sat, 27 Mar 2021 13:35:53 +0100 crypto backup slides Diffstat:
62 files changed, 1082 insertions(+), 373 deletions(-)
diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/.gitignore b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +slides.aux +slides.fdb_latexmk +slides.log +slides.nav +slides.out +slides.pdf +slides.snm +slides.toc +slides.vrb +slides.fls diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/blinded.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/blinded.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/cart.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/cart.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/coin.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/coin.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/coin_sign.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/coin_sign.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/contract.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/contract.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/ct.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/ct.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/decentralise.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/decentralise.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/dh.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/dh.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/dice.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/dice.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/Makefile b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +plantuml = plantuml + +%.svg : %.pml + $(plantuml) -tsvg $< + +%.pdf : %.pml + $(plantuml) -tpdf $< + +files = taler-pay.pml taler-withdraw.pml \ +cc3ds.pml contract.pml paypal.pml \ +bitcoin.pml + +all : $(files:.pml=.pdf) $(files:.pml=.svg) + diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank0a.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank0a.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1a.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1a.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1b.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank1b.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2a.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2a.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2b.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank2b.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3a.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3a.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3b.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank3b.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4a.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4a.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4b.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bank4b.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.pml b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.pml @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +# FROM: https://github.com/w3c/webpayments/tree/gh-pages/PaymentFlows + +@startuml +!includeurl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/w3c/webpayments/gh-pages/PaymentFlows/skin.ipml + +Database "Invoice Database" as DB +Participant "Payee Website" as Website +Database "Bitcoin Network" as Bitcoin +Participant "Payer Wallet" as Wallet +Actor "Payer (Browser)" as Payer + +title Bitcoin Payment Protocol (BIP70) + +Payer->Website: Request checkout with Bitcoin +Website->Website: Generate Bitcoin address +Website->DB: Store invoice details +Website->Payer: Basket Page with bitcoin: pay link +Payer->Payer: Click bitcoin: link +Payer->Wallet: Wallet handles bitcoin: URL and extracts invoice URL +Wallet->Website: Request invoice +Website->DB: Get invoice details +Website->Website: Create PaymentDetails (Amount, Memo, Ref#, Pay URL) +Website->Website: Create PaymentRequest (Signed PaymentDetails) +Website->Wallet: PaymentRequest containing PaymentDetails +Wallet->Payer: Confirm payment details? +Payer->Wallet: Accept payment +Wallet->Wallet: Generate and sign payment +Wallet->Website: Signed payment +Website->Bitcoin: Submit payment +Website->Wallet: Payment ACK +Wallet->Payer: Confirm payment is complete +loop until payment is confirmed + Bitcoin->Website: Latest confirmed transactions +end + + +@enduml +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.svg b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/bitcoin.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="858px" style="width:1232px;height:858px;" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 1232 858" width="1232px"><defs/><g><text fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Sans" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="258" x="491.75" y="22.9951">Bitcoin Payment Protocol (BIP70)</text><rect fill="#FFFFFF" height="46.2656" style="stroke: #000000; stroke-width: 2.0;" width="522" x="168" y="718.9844"/><line style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0; stroke-dasharray: 5.0,5.0;" x1="70" x2="70" y1="112.5938" y2="782.25"/><line style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0; stroke-dasharray: 5.0,5.0;" x1="236" x2="236" 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lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="9" x="253" y="138.6606">1</text><text fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Sans" font-size="13" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="190" x="266" y="138.6606">Request checkout with Bitcoin</text><line style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0;" x1="236" x2="278" y1="172.8594" y2="172.8594"/><line style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0;" x1="278" x2="278" y1="172.8594" y2="185.8594"/><line style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0;" x1="237" x2="278" y1="185.8594" y2="185.8594"/><polygon fill="#A80036" points="247,181.8594,237,185.8594,247,189.8594,243,185.8594" style="stroke: #A80036; stroke-width: 1.0;"/><text fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Sans" font-size="13" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="9" x="243" y="167.7935">2</text><text fill="#000000" font-family="Lucida Sans" font-size="13" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="162" x="256" y="167.7935">Generate Bitcoin address</text><polygon 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y="752.1841">Latest confirmed transactions</text></g></svg> +\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cart.png b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cart.png Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.pml b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.pml @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +# FROM: https://github.com/w3c/webpayments/tree/gh-pages/PaymentFlows + +@startuml + +Participant "Payee (Merchant) PSP [Acquirer]" as MPSP +Participant "Payee (Merchant) [Acceptor] Site " as Payee +Actor "Payer (Shopper) [Cardholder] Browser" as Payer +participant "Browser Form Filler" as UA +participant "Card Scheme Directory" as CSD +participant "Issuing Bank [Issuer] Website" as CPSPW +participant "Issuing Bank [Issuer]" as CPSP + +note over Payee, Payer: HTTPS + +title +<b>Legacy Merchant Hosted Card Payment with Acquirer Supported 3DS (Current)</b> + +<i>3DS is used to add confidence that the payer is who they say they are and importantly in the event of a dispute liability shift to the Issuer.</i> +end title + +== Establish Payment Obligation == + +Payee->Payer: Present Check-out page with Pay Button +Payer->Payer: Select Card Payment Method + +alt + UA->Payer: Form Fill +' Note right: fields are PAN & Expiry Date with optional CVV, & Address, Also Card Valid Date and Issue Number are required for some Schemes +else + Payer->Payer: User Fills Form +End + +== Card Payment Initiation == + +Payer->Payee: Payment Initiation +' Note right: Custom code on merchant webpage can encrypt payload to reduce PCI burden from SAQ D to SAQ A-EP + +opt + Payee->Payee: Store Card +' note right: Merchant can store card details apart from CVV (even if encrypted) for future use (a.k.a. Card on File) +end + +Payee-\MPSP: Authorise + + +== 3DS part of flow == + +' Note over MPSP, Payee: At this point, the Merchant or Merchant's PSP can decide if it wishes to invoke 3DS. This might be based on transaction value (i.e. low value -> low risk) or other factors, e.g. if the Shopper is a repeat purchaser. + + MPSP –> CSD: BIN to URL lookup (VAReq message) + CSD -> CSD: Lookup URL from BIN + CSD –> CPSPW : “PING” + 'note right: verify URL validity + CPSPW –> CSD: “PING” response + CSD –> MPSP: URL + + MPSP-/Payee: 3DS redirect (PAReq message) + Payee->Payer: 3DS redirect (PAReq message) + Payer->CPSPW: 3DS invoke + CPSPW-\Payer: 3DS challenge + Payer-/CPSPW: 3DS response (PARes message) + CPSPW->Payer: 3DS response (PARes message) + Payer->Payee: 3DS response (PARes message) + Payee-\MPSP: 3DS response (PARes message) + + MPSP->MPSP: Verification of PARes signature + +== End of 3DS == + + +MPSP-\CPSP: Authorisation Request +CPSP-/MPSP: Authorisation Response + +MPSP-/Payee: Authorisation Response + +== Notification == + +Payee->Payer: Result Page + +== Request for Settlement process (could be immediate, batch (e.g. daily) or after some days) == + +Alt + Payee -> MPSP : Capture +'note right: Later Capture may be called, for example after good shipped or tickets pickedup +Else + MPSP -> MPSP : Auto Capture in batch processing at end-of-day +End + +MPSP->CPSP: Capture + +== Fulfilment == + +Payee->Payer: Provide products or services + +@enduml diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.svg b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/cc3ds.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="1614px" style="width:1635px;height:1614px;" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 1635 1614" width="1635px"><defs><filter height="300%" id="f1" width="300%" x="-1" y="-1"><feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" stdDeviation="2.0"/><feColorMatrix in="blurOut" result="blurOut2" type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 0"/><feOffset dx="4.0" dy="4.0" in="blurOut2" result="blurOut3"/><feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut3" mode="normal"/></filter></defs><g><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="625" x="504.25" y="22.9951">Legacy Merchant Hosted Card Payment with Acquirer Supported 3DS (Current)</text><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="0" x="819.25" y="39.292"/><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-style="italic" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="1115" x="259.25" y="55.5889">3DS is used to add confidence that the payer is who they say they are and importantly in the event of a dispute liability shift to the Issuer.</text><rect fill="#FFFFFF" filter="url(#f1)" height="90.3984" style="stroke: #000000; 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charset=UTF-8 +X-Taler-Contract-Url: https://shop/generate-contract/42 + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html> + <!-- fallback for browsers without the Taler extension --> + You do not seem to have Taler installed, here are other + payment options ... +</html> diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-contract.html b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-contract.html @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +<script src="taler-wallet-lib.js"></script> +<script> + taler.offerContractFrom("https://shop/generate-contract/42", (err) => { + alert("Error while offering contract"); + }); +</script> diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-contract.json b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-contract.json @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +{ + "H_wire":"YTH0C4QBCQ10VDNTJN0DCTTV2Z6JHT5NF43F0RQHZ8JYB5NG4W4G...", + "amount":{"currency":"EUR","fraction":0,"value":1}, + "max_fee":{"currency":"EUR","fraction":100000,"value":0}, + "auditors":[{"auditor_pub":"42V6TH91Q83FB846DK1GW3JQ5E8DS273W4..."}], + "exchanges":[{"master_pub":"1T5FA8VQHMMKBHDMYPRZA2ZFK2S63AKF0Y...", + "url":"https://exchange/"}], + "fulfillment_url": "https://shop/article/42?tid=249&time=14714744", + "merchant":{"address":"Mailbox 4242","jurisdiction":"Jersey", + "name":"Shop Inc."}, + "merchant_pub":"Y1ZAR5346J3ZTEXJCHQY9NJN78EZ2HSKZK8M0MYTNRJG5N...", + "products":[{ + "description":"Essay: The GNU Project", + "price":{"currency":"EUR","fraction":0,"value":1}, + "product_id":42,"quantity":1}], + "pay_deadline":"/Date(1480119270)/", + "refund_deadline":"/Date(1471522470)/", + "timestamp":"/Date(1471479270)/", + "transaction_id":249960194066269 +} diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.pml b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.pml @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +@startuml +autonumber + +Actor "Payer (Shopper) Browser" as Payer +Participant "Payee (Merchant) Site" as Payee +Participant "Taler Exchange" as Exchange + +note over Payer, Payee: Tor/HTTPS +note over Payee, Exchange: HTTP/HTTPS + +title Taler (Payment) + +== Request Offer == + +Payer->Payee: Choose goods by navigating to offer URL + +Payee->Payer: Send signed digital contract proposal + +opt +Payer->Payer: Select Taler payment method (skippable with auto-detection) +end + +== Execute Payment == + +opt +Payer->Payer: Affirm contract +end + +Payer->Payee: Navigate to fulfillment URL + +Payee->Payer: Send hash of digital contract and payment information + +Payer->Payee: Send payment + +Payee->Exchange: Forward payment + +Exchange->Payee: Confirm payment + +Payee->Payer: Confirm payment + +== Fulfilment == + +Payer->Payee: Reload fulfillment URL for delivery + +Payee->Payer: Provide product resource + +@enduml diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.svg b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/figs/taler-pay.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="866px" style="width:753px;height:866px;" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 753 866" width="753px"><defs><filter height="300%" id="f1" width="300%" x="-1" y="-1"><feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" stdDeviation="2.0"/><feColorMatrix in="blurOut" result="blurOut2" type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .4 0"/><feOffset dx="4.0" dy="4.0" in="blurOut2" result="blurOut3"/><feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut3" mode="normal"/></filter></defs><g><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" textLength="125" x="313.5" y="22.9951">Taler (Payment)</text><rect fill="#FFFFFF" filter="url(#f1)" height="59.2656" style="stroke: #000000; 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+ \node (origin) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (primes) [draw=none, below = of origin] at (0,0) {$(p, q)$}; + \node (seal) [def, draw=none, below left=of primes]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{seal.pdf}}; + \node (hammer) [def, draw=none, below right=of primes]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{hammer.pdf}}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (primes) -- (origin) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (seal) -- (primes) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (hammer) -- (primes) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} +% \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{seal.pdf} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant: Create a signing key (EdDSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{itemize} + \item pick random $m \mod o$ as private key + \item $M = mG$ public key + \end{itemize} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1em and 1em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (origin) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (m) [draw=none, below = of origin] at (0,0) {$m$}; + \node (seal) [draw=none, below=of m]{M}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (m) -- (origin) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (seal) -- (primes) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \parbox[t]{3cm}{{\bf Capability:} $m \Rightarrow$ } + \raisebox{\dimexpr-\height+\baselineskip}{\includegraphics[width=0.1\textwidth]{merchant-sign.pdf}} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Create a planchet (EdDSA)} + \begin{minipage}{8cm} + \begin{itemize} + \item Pick random $c \mod o$ private key + \item $C = cG$ public key + \end{itemize} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1em and 1em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (origin) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (c) [draw=none, below = of origin] at (0,0) {$c$}; + \node (planchet) [draw=none, below=of c]{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{planchet.pdf}}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (c) -- (origin) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (planchet) -- (c) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \parbox[t]{3cm}{{\bf Capability:} $c \Rightarrow$ } + \raisebox{\dimexpr-\height+\baselineskip}{\includegraphics[width=0.1\textwidth]{planchet-sign.pdf}} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Blind planchet (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Obtain public key $(e,n)$ + \item Compute $f := FDH(C)$, $f < n$. + \item Pick blinding factor $b \in \mathbb Z_n$ + \item Transmit $f' := f b^e \mod n$ + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (origin) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (b) [def, draw=none, below = of origin] at (0,-0.2) {$b$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (planchet) [def, draw=none, above right=of blinded]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{planchet.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (b) -- (origin) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (planchet) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (b) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}{Exchange: Blind sign (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Receive $f'$. + \item Compute $s' := f'^d \mod n$. + \item Send signature $s'$. + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (hammer) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{hammer.pdf}}; + \node (signed) [def, draw=none, below left=of hammer]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, above left=of signed]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (customer) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of signed]{Customer}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (signed) -- (hammer) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (signed) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (signed) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Unblind coin (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Receive $s'$. + \item Compute $s := s' b^{-1} \mod n$ % \\ + % ($(f')^d = (f b^e)^d = f^d b$). + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (b) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$b$}; + \node (coin) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{coin.pdf}}; + \node (signed) [def, draw=none, above left=of coin]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (b) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (signed) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} -\begin{frame}{Taler {\tt /withdraw/sign}} -% Customer withdrawing coins with blind signatures -% \bigskip - \begin{figure}[th] - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \begin{center} - \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 0.4, - transform shape, - msglabel/.style = { text = Black, yshift = .3cm, - sloped, midway }, - okmsg/.style = { ->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, - >=stealth }, - rstmsg/.style = { ->, color = BrickRed, thick, - >=stealth } - ] - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h1) at (-4, 0) {}; - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h2) at (4, 0) {}; - \node[above = 0cm of h1] {Wallet}; - \node[above = 0cm of h2] {Exchange}; - - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, very thick, >=stealth] - (-5, 4.5) edge - node[rotate=90, text = Black, yshift = .3cm] {Time} - (-5, -4.5); - \path[okmsg, dashed] - ($(h1.east)+(0, 4.0)+(0, -1.0)$) edge - node[msglabel] {SEPA(RK,A)} - ($(h2.west)+(0, 3.5)+(0, -1.0)$); - \path[okmsg] - ($(h1.east)+(0, -1.0)$) edge - node[msglabel] {POST {\tt /withdraw/sign} $S_{RK}(DK, B_b(C))$} - ($(h2.west)+(0, -1.5)$); - \path[okmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -2.0)$) edge - node[msglabel] {200 OK: $S_{DK}(B_b(C))$)} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -2.5)$); - \path[rstmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -3.5)$) edge - node[msglabel] {402 PAYMENT REQUIRED: $S_{RK}(DK, B_b(C))$)} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -4)$); - \node at (5.3, 0) {}; - \end{tikzpicture} - \end{center} - Result: $\langle c, S_{DK}(C) \rangle$. - \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.5cm} - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \tiny - \begin{description} - \item[$A$] Some amount, $A \ge A_{DK}$ - \item[$RK$] Reserve key - \item[$DK$] Denomination key - \item[$b$] Blinding factor - \item[$B_b()$] RSA-FDH blinding % DK supressed - \item[$C$] Coin public key $C := cG$ - \item[$S_{RK}()$] EdDSA signature - \item[$S_{DK}()$] RSA-FDH signature - \end{description} - \end{minipage} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - - -\begin{frame}[t]{Taler {\tt /deposit}} -Merchant and exchange see only the public coin $\langle C, S_{DK}(C) \rangle$. -\bigskip - \begin{figure}[th] - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \begin{center} - \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 0.4, - transform shape, - msglabel/.style = { text = Black, yshift = .3cm, - sloped, midway }, - okmsg/.style = { ->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, - >=stealth }, - rstmsg/.style = { ->, color = BrickRed, thick, - >=stealth } - ] - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h1) at (-4, 0) {}; - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h2) at (4, 0) {}; - \node[above = 0cm of h1] {Merchant}; - \node[above = 0cm of h2] {Exchange}; - - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, very thick, >=stealth] - (-5, 4.5) edge - node[rotate=90, text = Black, yshift = .3cm] {Time} - (-5, -4.5); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h1.east)+(0,3)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {POST {\tt /deposit} $S_{DK}(C), S_{c}(D)$} - ($(h2.west)+(0,2)$); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h2.west)+(0,0.5)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {200 OK: $S_{SK}(S_{c}(D))$} - ($(h1.east)+(0,-0.5)$); - \path[rstmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -2.5)$) edge - node[msglabel] {409 CONFLICT: $S_{c}(D')$} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -3.5)$); - \node at (5.3, 0) {}; - \end{tikzpicture} - \end{center} - \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.5cm} - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \tiny - \begin{description} - \item[$DK$] Denomination key - \item[$S_{DK}()$] RSA-FDH signature using $DK$ - \item[$c$] Private coin key, $C := cG$. - \item[$S_{C}()$] EdDSA signature using $c$ - \item[$D$] Deposit details - \item[$SK$] Exchange's signing key - \item[$S_{SK}()$] EdDSA signature using $SK$ - \item[$D'$] Conficting deposit details $D' \not= D$ - \end{description} - \end{minipage} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - - -\begin{frame}{Taler {\tt /refresh/melt}} - \begin{figure}[th] - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \begin{center} - \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 0.4, - transform shape, - msglabel/.style = { text = Black, yshift = .3cm, - sloped, midway }, - okmsg/.style = { ->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, - >=stealth }, - rstmsg/.style = { ->, color = BrickRed, thick, - >=stealth } - ] - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h1) at (-4, 0) {}; - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h2) at (4, 0) {}; - \node[above = 0cm of h1] {Customer}; - \node[above = 0cm of h2] {Exchange}; - - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, very thick, >=stealth] - (-5, 4.5) edge - node[rotate=90, text = Black, yshift = .3cm] {Time} - (-5, -4.5); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h1.east)+(0,3)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {POST {\tt /refresh/melt} $S_{DK}(C), S_c({\cal DK}, {\cal T},{\cal B})$} - ($(h2.west)+(0,2)$); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h2.west)+(0,0.5)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {200 OK: $S_{SK}(H({\cal T}, {\cal B}),\gamma)$} - ($(h1.east)+(0,-0.5)$); - \path[rstmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -2.5)$) edge - node[msglabel] {409 CONFLICT: $S_{C}(X), \ldots$} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -3.5)$); - \node at (5.3, 0) {}; - \end{tikzpicture} - \end{center} - \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.5cm} - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \tiny - \begin{description} - \item[$\kappa$] System-wide security parameter, usually 3. - \\ \smallskip - \item[$\cal DK$] $:= [DK^{(i)}]_i$ \\ List of denomination keys \\ - $D + \sum_i A_{DK^{(i)}} < A_{DK}$ - \item[$t_j$] Random scalar for $j<\kappa$ - \item[${\cal T}$] $:= [T_j]_\kappa$ where $T_j = t_j G$ - \item[$k_j$] $:= c T_j = t_j C$ is an ECDHE - \item[$b_j^{(i)}$] $:= KDF_b(k_j,i)$ % blinding factor - \item[$c_j^{(i)}$] $:= KDF_c(k_j,i)$ % coin secret keys - \item[$C_j^{(i)}$] $: = c_j^{(i)} G$ % new coin publics % keys - \item[${\cal B}$] $:= [H( \beta_j )]_\kappa$ where \\ - $\beta_j := \left[ B_{b_j^{(i)}}(C_j^{(i)}) \right]_i$ - \\ \smallskip - \item[$\gamma$] Random value in $[0,\kappa)$ -% \\ \smallskip -% \item[$X$] Deposit or refresh - \end{description} - \end{minipage} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - - -\begin{frame}{Taler {\tt /refresh/reveal}} - \begin{figure}[th] - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \begin{center} - \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 0.4, - transform shape, - msglabel/.style = { text = Black, yshift = .3cm, - sloped, midway }, - okmsg/.style = { ->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, - >=stealth }, - rstmsg/.style = { ->, color = BrickRed, thick, - >=stealth } - ] - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h1) at (-4, 0) {}; - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h2) at (4, 0) {}; - \node[above = 0cm of h1] {Customer}; - \node[above = 0cm of h2] {Exchange}; - - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, very thick, >=stealth] - (-5, 4.5) edge - node[rotate=90, text = Black, yshift = .3cm] {Time} - (-5, -4.5); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h1.east)+(0,3)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {POST {\tt /refresh/reveal} $H({\cal T}, {\cal B}), {\tilde{\cal T}}, \beta_\gamma$} - ($(h2.west)+(0,2)$); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h2.west)+(0,0.5)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {200 OK: $\cal S$} - ($(h1.east)+(0,-0.5)$); - \path[rstmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -2.5)$) edge - node[msglabel] {400 BAD REQUEST: $Z$} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -3.5)$); - \node at (5.3, 0) {}; - \end{tikzpicture} - \end{center} - \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.5cm} - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \tiny - \begin{description} - \item[$\cal DK$] $:= [DK^{(i)}]_i$ - \item[$t_j$] .. \\ \smallskip - - \item[$\tilde{\cal T}$] $:= [t_j | j \in \kappa, j \neq \gamma]$ \\ \smallskip - - \item[$k_\gamma$] $:= c T_\gamma = t_\gamma C$ - \item[$b_\gamma^{(i)}$] $:= KDF_b(k_\gamma,i)$ - \item[$c_\gamma^{(i)}$] $:= KDF_c(k_\gamma,i)$ - \item[$C_\gamma^{(i)}$] $: = c_\gamma^{(i)} G$ - - \item[$B_\gamma^{(i)}$] $:= B_{b_\gamma^{(i)}}(C_\gamma^{(i)})$ - \item[$\beta_\gamma$] $:= \big[ B_\gamma^{(i)} \big]_i$ - \item[$\cal S$] $:= \left[ S_{DK^{(i)}}( B_\gamma^{(i)} ) \right]_i$ \\ \smallskip - - \item[$Z$] Cut-and-choose missmatch information - \end{description} - \end{minipage} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - - -\begin{frame}{Taler {\tt /refresh/link}} - \begin{figure}[th] - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \begin{center} - \begin{tikzpicture}[scale = 0.4, - transform shape, - msglabel/.style = { text = Black, yshift = .3cm, - sloped, midway }, - okmsg/.style = { ->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, - >=stealth }, - rstmsg/.style = { ->, color = BrickRed, thick, - >=stealth } - ] - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h1) at (-4, 0) {}; - \node[draw = MidnightBlue, - fill = CornflowerBlue, - minimum width = .3cm, - minimum height = 10cm - ] (h2) at (4, 0) {}; - \node[above = 0cm of h1] {Customer}; - \node[above = 0cm of h2] {Exchagne}; - - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, very thick, >=stealth] - (-5, 4.5) edge - node[rotate=90, text = Black, yshift = .3cm] {Time} - (-5, -4.5); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h1.east)+(0,3)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {POST {\tt /refresh/link} $C$} - ($(h2.west)+(0,2)$); - \path[->, color = MidnightBlue, thick, >=stealth] - ($(h2.west)+(0,0.5)$) edge - node[text = Black, yshift = .3cm, sloped] {200 OK: $T_\gamma$} - ($(h1.east)+(0,-0.5)$); - \path[rstmsg] - ($(h2.west)+(0, -2.5)$) edge - node[msglabel] {404 NOT FOUND} - ($(h1.east)+(0, -3.5)$); - \node at (5.3, 0) {}; - \end{tikzpicture} - \end{center} - \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.5cm} - \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} - \tiny - \begin{description} - \item[$C$] Old coind public key \\ \smallskip - \item[$T_\gamma$] Linkage data $\cal L$ at $\gamma$ - \end{description} - \end{minipage} - \end{figure} -\end{frame} - - -\begin{frame}{Operational security} +\begin{frame}{Withdrawing coins on the Web} \begin{center} - \resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{ -\begin{tikzpicture}[ - font=\sffamily, - every matrix/.style={ampersand replacement=\&,column sep=2cm,row sep=2cm}, - source/.style={draw,thick,rounded corners,fill=green!20,inner sep=.3cm}, - process/.style={draw,thick,circle,fill=blue!20}, - sink/.style={source,fill=green!20}, - datastore/.style={draw,very thick,shape=datastore,inner sep=.3cm}, - dots/.style={gray,scale=2}, - to/.style={->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,semithick,font=\sffamily\footnotesize}, - every node/.style={align=center}] - - % Position the nodes using a matrix layout - \matrix{ - \node[source] (wallet) {Wallet}; - \& \node[process] (browser) {Browser}; - \& \node[process] (shop) {Web shop}; - \& \node[sink] (backend) {Taler backend}; \\ - }; - - % Draw the arrows between the nodes and label them. - \draw[to] (browser) to[bend right=50] node[midway,above] {(4) signed contract} - node[midway,below] {(signal)} (wallet); - \draw[to] (wallet) to[bend right=50] node[midway,above] {(signal)} - node[midway,below] {(5) signed coins} (browser); - \draw[<->] (browser) -- node[midway,above] {(3,6) custom} - node[midway,below] {(HTTPS)} (shop); - \draw[to] (shop) to[bend right=50] node[midway,above] {(HTTPS)} - node[midway,below] {(1) proposed contract / (7) signed coins} (backend); - \draw[to] (backend) to[bend right=50] node[midway,above] {(2) signed contract / (8) confirmation} - node[midway,below] {(HTTPS)} (shop); -\end{tikzpicture} -} + \includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{figs/taler-withdraw.pdf} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Build shopping cart} + \begin{center} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1em and 1em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (origin) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{shop.pdf}}; + \node (cart) [draw=none, below=of m]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{cart.pdf}}; + \node (merchant) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of cart]{Merchant}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]; + \draw [<-, C] (cart) -- (origin) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (merchant) -- (cart) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant Integration: Wallet Detection} + \lstset{language=JavaScript} + \lstinputlisting{figs/taler-presence-js.html} +% \caption{Sample code to detect the Taler wallet. Allowing the +% Web site to detect the presence of the wallet leaks one bit +% of information about the user. The above logic also works +% if the wallet is installed while the page is open.} +% \label{listing:presence} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant Integration: Payment Request} +% \begin{figure}[p!] + \lstset{language=HTML5} + \lstinputlisting{figs/taler-402.html} +% \caption{Sample HTTP response to prompt the wallet to show an offer.} +% \label{listing:http-contract} +% \end{figure} + +% \begin{figure*}[p!] +% \lstset{language=HTML5} +% \lstinputlisting{figs/taler-contract.html} +% \caption{Sample JavaScript code to prompt the wallet to show an offer. +% Here, the contract is fetched on-demand from the server. +% The {\tt taler\_pay()} function needs to be invoked +% when the user triggers the checkout.} +% \label{listing:contract} +% \end{figure*} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant Integration: Contract} + % \begin{figure*}[t!] + {\tiny + \lstset{language=JavaScript} + \lstinputlisting{figs/taler-contract.json} +% \caption{Minimal Taler contract over a digital article with a value of \EUR{0.10}. The merchant will pay transaction fees up to \EUR{0.01}. The hash over the wire transfer information was truncated to make it fit to the page.} +% \label{listing:json-contract} + % \end{figure*} + } +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant: Propose contract (EdDSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Complete proposal $D$. + \item Send $D$, $EdDSA_m(D)$ + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance=2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (cart) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{cart.pdf}}; + \node (proposal) [def, draw=none, below right=of cart]{\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{merchant_propose.pdf}}; + \node (customer) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of proposal]{Customer}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt]; + \node (sign) [def, draw=none, above right=of proposal] {$m$}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (proposal) -- (sign) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (proposal) -- (cart) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (proposal) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Spend coin (EdDSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Receive proposal $D$, $EdDSA_m(D)$. + \item Send $s$, $C$, $EdDSA_c(D)$ + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance=2em and 0.4em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (proposal) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{merchant_propose.pdf}}; + \node (contract) [def, draw=none, below right=of cart]{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{contract.pdf}}; + \node (c) [def, draw=none, above=of contract] {$c$}; + \node (merchant) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below=of contract]{Merchant}; + \node (coin) [def, draw=none, right=of contract]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{coin.pdf}}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (contract) -- (c) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (contract) -- (proposal) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (merchant) -- (contract) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \draw [<-, C] (merchant) -- (coin) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Merchant and Exchange: Verify coin (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{equation*} + s^e \stackrel{?}{\equiv} FDH(C) \mod n + \end{equation*} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{minipage}{0.2\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{coin.pdf} + \end{minipage} + $\stackrel{?}{\Leftrightarrow}$ + \begin{minipage}{0.2\textwidth} + \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{seal.pdf} + \end{minipage} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Payment processing with Taler} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{figs/taler-pay.pdf} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Giving change} + It would be inefficient to pay EUR 100 with 1 cent coins! + \begin{itemize} + \item Denomination key represents value of a coin. + \item Exchange may offer various denominations for coins. + \item Wallet may not have exact change! + \item Usability requires ability to pay given sufficient total funds. + \end{itemize}\pause + Key goals: + \begin{itemize} + \item maintain unlinkability + \item maintain taxability of transactions + \end{itemize}\pause + Method: + \begin{itemize} + \item Contract can specify to only pay {\em partial value} of a coin. + \item Exchange allows wallet to obtain {\em unlinkable change} + for remaining coin value. + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Diffie-Hellman (ECDH)} + \begin{minipage}{8cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Create private keys $c,t \mod o$ + \item Define $C = cG$ + \item Define $T = tG$ + \item Compute DH \\ $cT = c(tG) = t(cG) = tC$ + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (t) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t$}; + \node (ct) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dh.pdf}}; + \node (c) [def, draw=none, above left= of ct] {$c$}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (ct) -- (c) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (ct) -- (t) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Strawman solution} + \begin{minipage}{8cm} + Given partially spent private coin key $c_{old}$: + \begin{enumerate} +% \item Let $C_{old} := c_{old}G$ (as before) + \item Pick random $c_{new} \mod o$ private key + \item $C_{new} = c_{new}G$ public key + \item Pick random $b_{new}$ + \item Compute $f_{new} := FDH(C_{new})$, $m < n$. + \item Transmit $f'_{new} := f_{new} b_{new}^e \mod n$ + \end{enumerate} + ... and sign request for change with $c_{old}$. + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (planchet) [def, draw=none, above left= of blinded] {\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{planchet.pdf}}; + \node (cnew) [def, draw=none, above= of planchet] {$c_{new}$}; + \node (bnew) [def, draw=none, above right= of blinded] {$b_{new}$}; + \node (dice1) [def, draw=none, above = of cnew]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (dice2) [def, draw=none, above = of bnew]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (cnew) -- (dice1) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (planchet) -- (cnew) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bnew) -- (dice2) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (planchet) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bnew) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \pause + \vfill + {\bf Problem: Owner of $c_{new}$ may differ from owner of $c_{old}$!} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Transfer key setup (ECDH)} + \begin{minipage}{8cm} + Given partially spent private coin key $c_{old}$: + \begin{enumerate} + \item Let $C_{old} := c_{old}G$ (as before) + \item Create random private transfer key $t \mod o$ + \item Compute $T := tG$ + \item Compute $X := c_{old}(tG) = t(c_{old}G) = tC_{old}$ + \item Derive $c_{new}$ and $b_{new}$ from $X$ + \item Compute $C_{new} := c_{new}G$ + \item Compute $f_{new} := FDH(C_{new})$ + \item Transmit $f_{new}' := f_{new} b_{new}^e$ + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (t) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t$}; + \node (dice) [def, draw=none, above = of t]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$c_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (t) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (t) -- (dice) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Cut-and-Choose} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (t) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t_1$}; + \node (dice) [def, draw=none, above = of t]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$c_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new,1}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new,1}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (t) -- (dice) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (t) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (t) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t_2$}; + \node (dice) [def, draw=none, above = of t]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$c_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new,2}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new,2}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (t) -- (dice) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (t) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (t) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t_3$}; + \node (dice) [def, draw=none, above = of t]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{dice.pdf}}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$c_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new,3}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new,3}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (exchange) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of blinded]{Exchange}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (t) -- (dice) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (t) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (exchange) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Exchange: Choose!} + \begin{center} + \item Exchange sends back random $\gamma \in \{ 1, 2, 3 \}$ to the customer. + \end{center} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Reveal} + \begin{enumerate} + \item If $\gamma = 1$, send $t_2$, $t_3$ to exchange + \item If $\gamma = 2$, send $t_1$, $t_3$ to exchange + \item If $\gamma = 3$, send $t_1$, $t_2$ to exchange + \end{enumerate} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Exchange: Verify ($\gamma = 2$)} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (h) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t_1$}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$C_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new,1}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new,1}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (h) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \ + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{4cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (h) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$t_3$}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (d) [def, draw=none, above left= of dh] {$C_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$c_{new,3}$}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below right= of dh] {$b_{new,3}$}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, below right=of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (d) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (h) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (cp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (blinded) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Exchange: Blind sign change (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Take $f_{new,\gamma}'$. + \item Compute $s' := f_{new,\gamma}'^d \mod n$. + \item Send signature $s'$. + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (hammer) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{hammer.pdf}}; + \node (signed) [def, draw=none, below left=of hammer]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \node (blinded) [def, draw=none, above left=of signed]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{blinded.pdf}}; + \node (customer) [node distance=4em and 0.5em, draw, below =of signed]{Customer}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (signed) -- (hammer) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (signed) -- (blinded) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (signed) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {{\small transmit}}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Unblind change (RSA)} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Receive $s'$. + \item Compute $s := s' b_{new,\gamma}^{-1} \mod n$. + \end{enumerate} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{6cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 2em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (b) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$b_{new,\gamma}$}; + \node (coin) [def, draw=none, below left=of b]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{coin.pdf}}; + \node (signed) [def, draw=none, above left=of coin]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (b) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (signed) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Exchange: Allow linking change} + \begin{minipage}{7cm} + \begin{center} + Given $C_{old}$ + + \vspace{1cm} + + return $T_\gamma$, $s := s' b_{new,\gamma}^{-1} \mod n$. + \end{center} + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{5cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 3em and 0.5em, inner sep=0.5em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (co) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$C_{old}$}; + \node (T) [def, draw=none, below left=of co]{$T_\gamma$}; + \node (sign) [def, draw=none, below right=of co]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \node (customer) [def, draw, below right=of T] {Customer}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (T) -- (co) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (sign) -- (co) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (T) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {link}; + \draw [<-, C] (customer) -- (sign) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {link}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Customer: Link (threat!)} + \begin{minipage}{6.3cm} + \begin{enumerate} + \item Have $c_{old}$. + \item Obtain $T_\gamma$, $s$ from exchange + \item Compute $X_\gamma = c_{old}T_\gamma$ + \item Derive $c_{new,\gamma}$ and $b_{new,\gamma}$ from $X_\gamma$ + \item Unblind $s := s' b_{new,\gamma}^{-1} \mod n$ + \end{enumerate} + + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}{5.7cm} + \begin{tikzpicture} + \tikzstyle{def} = [node distance= 1.5em and 0.5em, inner sep=0em, outer sep=.3em]; + \node (T) [def, draw=none] at (0,0) {$T_\gamma$}; + \node (exchange) [def, inner sep=0.5em, draw, above left=of T] {Exchange}; + \node (signed) [def, draw=none, below left=of T]{\includegraphics[width=0.15\textwidth]{sign.pdf}}; + \node (dh) [def, draw=none, below right=of T]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{ct.pdf}}; + \node (bp) [def, draw=none, below left= of dh] {$b_{new,\gamma}$}; + \node (co) [def, draw=none, above right= of dh] {$c_{old}$}; + \node (cp) [def, draw=none, below= of dh] {$c_{new,\gamma}$}; + \node (coin) [def, draw=none, below left = of bp]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{coin.pdf}}; + \node (psign) [def, node distance=2.5em and 0em, draw=none, below = of cp]{\includegraphics[width=0.2\textwidth]{planchet-sign.pdf}}; + + \tikzstyle{C} = [color=black, line width=1pt] + + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (co) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (dh) -- (T) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (cp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (bp) -- (dh) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (signed) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (coin) -- (bp) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \draw [<-, C] (T) -- (exchange) node [midway, above, sloped] (TextNode) {link}; + \draw [<-, C] (signed) -- (exchange) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {link}; + \draw [<-, C, double] (psign) -- (cp) node [midway, below, sloped] (TextNode) {}; + \end{tikzpicture} + \end{minipage} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}{Refresh protocol summary} + \begin{itemize} + \item Customer asks exchange to convert old coin to new coin + \item Protocol ensures new coins can be recovered from old coin + \item[$\Rightarrow$] New coins are owned by the same entity! + \end{itemize} + Thus, the refresh protocol allows: + \begin{itemize} + \item To give unlinkable change. + \item To give refunds to an anonymous customer. + \item To expire old keys and migrate coins to new ones. + \item To handle protocol aborts. + \end{itemize} + \noindent + \begin{center} + \bf + Transactions via refresh are equivalent to {\em sharing} a wallet. \end{center} \end{frame} + \end{document} diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/taler-logo-2018.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/taler-logo-2018.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/wcef.pdf b/presentations/2021-crypto-barons/wcef.pdf Binary files differ.
