diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html | 85 |
1 files changed, 51 insertions, 34 deletions
diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html index 58e62f9..4f5ac95 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/rms-hack.html @@ -1,18 +1,26 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>The Hacker Community and Ethics - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> - <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/rms-hack.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> - -<h2>The Hacker Community and Ethics: An Interview with Richard M. Stallman, 2002</h2> - -<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p> -<p><em>Published in Finnish in Tere Vadén & Richard -M. Stallman: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100807063010/http://www.uta.fi/%7Efiteva/koodivapaaksi.html"> -Koodi vapaaksi - Hakkerietiikan vaativuus</a>, Tampere University -Press. 2002, sivut 62-80.</em></p> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> +<h2>The Hacker Community and Ethics</h2> + +<address class="byline">by Tere Vadén and Richard +Stallman</address> + +<div class="infobox"> +<p>Transcript of an interview that took place in 2002.<a +href="#pub"><sup>[*]</sup></a></p> +</div> +<hr class="thin" /> <h3>Hackerism</h3> @@ -40,7 +48,7 @@ destroyed by commercial interests.</p> share and change software; that was the basis for our free-wheeling community.</p> <p> -<b>TV:</b> What does the word ‘hacker’ mean to you, +<b>TV:</b> What does the word “hacker” mean to you, personally?</p> <p> <b>RMS:</b> It means someone who enjoys playful cleverness, especially @@ -70,7 +78,7 @@ software creates the best kinds of communities or at least better than those based on commercial limitations on distribution and sharing.</p> <p> <b>RMS:</b> I think it is a mistake to label these restrictions as -“commercial”, because that pertains to the motive for the +“commercial,” because that pertains to the motive for the restrictions. The same restrictions, if imposed for a different motive, would do the same harm. What matters is the restrictions, not the motive. Commercial software can be free or nonfree, just as @@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ interpretation?</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> More or less. I would say that freedom has value in itself, just as powerful reliable software does.</p> -<p><b>TV:</b> But isn't there a problem here; one of the utilitarian +<p><b>TV:</b> But isn't there a problem here? one of the utilitarian calculations of “open source” is that it is more profitable—in the sense of making more money or making better software—to use an open source license than a copyleft @@ -138,7 +146,7 @@ your enthusiasm about hackerism in the sense of playful cleverness, and would take that playful cleverness also to the area of being clever in making money and enjoying the good life. Actually that is what he hints at in a recent book called “The Hacker -Ethics”.</p> +Ethics.”</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> That is true. Just because someone enjoys hacking does not mean he has an ethical commitment to treating other people @@ -161,7 +169,7 @@ years old. This is the basic idea of ethics.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> The question about hacker aesthetics—as you explained, there is no special hacker ethics, because a hacker can act ethically or unethically and nothing in hackerism itself necessitates -ethical behaviour.</p> +ethical behavior.</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> Hacking is not primarily about an ethical issue. It is an idea of what makes life meaningful. But he may be right that hacking tends to @@ -173,13 +181,13 @@ Although someone said that there was a hacker aesthetic rather than a hacker ethic, I think “aesthetic” is not quite the right word either. An aesthetic is an idea of what is beautiful. This is an idea of what is exciting and meaningful. Is there a word for that? I -can think of “the hacker way”, but that sounds rather +can think of “the hacker way,” but that sounds rather pompous and new-age.</p> <h3>Community</h3> <p><b>TV:</b> Now that brings to mind several questions. For the -first, one could maybe inquire after an ideal society or do forth, but +first, one could maybe inquire after an ideal society or go forth, but let's leave that for the moment.</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> I approach these issues incrementally. I don't think I @@ -193,7 +201,7 @@ knew that from having tried it.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> Is there something that digitalization offers for community-building, something that other media (like printed books) -could not offer, or does digitalization mean ‘just’ and +could not offer, or does digitalization mean “just” an effectivization of existing means?</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> Computers and the web make it much easier to work @@ -281,7 +289,7 @@ communal purposes. Could you tell a little on how you arrived at the idea?</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> I had seen simple notices of the form “verbatim -copying permitted provided this notice is preserved”, and +copying permitted provided this notice is preserved,” and investigated extending this to handle modification as well.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> Let's take a case here. I can see that a free software @@ -302,7 +310,7 @@ methods of support could do just as good a job as the present system—maybe better.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> This seems to lead to some kind of -“americanization” or “anglization”.</p> +“americanization” or “anglization.”</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> You can't be serious, can you? Don't you realize that the media-copyright complex is fueling the americanization of culture @@ -323,7 +331,7 @@ and Globalization</a>.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> You have touched on some issues of globalization is some recent interviews. One of the problems is that copyright laws put many -third world countries in an unfavourable position. Do you think that +third world countries in an unfavorable position. Do you think that those countries should not follow the copyright laws?</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> The US when it was a developing country did not @@ -405,11 +413,11 @@ global business over governments.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> Reading Steven Levy's Hackers once again, I was struck by one issue: the hackers as displayed in the book are mostly concerned with the hacker ethic in so far as it concerns “tools -to make tools”.</p> +to make tools.”</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> I don't think so. A number of our programs were tools for making programs, but very few were specifically “tools to -make tools”. Why were many of them tools? Because hackers +make tools.” Why were many of them tools? Because hackers writing programs get ideas for better ways to do that. What computer hackers do is program. So they get excited about anything that makes programming easier.<br /> @@ -422,7 +430,7 @@ square dancing, but many are interested in programs they can use while programming.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> Levy is not too hard on the point, but the -unscrupulousness with which the early <abbr>MIT</abbr> hackers +unscrupulousness with which the early MIT hackers accepted the Department of Defence funding is a case in point.</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> Some of the hackers were uncomfortable with DoD funding @@ -477,7 +485,7 @@ and reliable free software.</p> <p><b>TV:</b> I think this is even quite common in fields like computer science, physics, mathematics, philosophy, where the austerity and purity of the formalism give an intense pleasure of a -‘non-earthly’ kind. Is there a link? Should there be? And +“non-earthly” kind. Is there a link? Should there be? And how do you bridge the two?</p> <p><b>RMS:</b> Is there a link between the pleasure of pure math and @@ -489,9 +497,18 @@ link between either of those pleasures and the rest of what I do. Why should there be? They are both harmless. Is there a “gap” that I need to “bridge”?</p> +<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary"> +<hr /> +<p id="pub">[*] Published in Finnish in Tere Vadén & Richard +M. Stallman: <cite><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100807063010/http://www.uta.fi/%7Efiteva/koodivapaaksi.html"> +Koodi vapaaksi - Hakkerietiikan vaativuus</a></cite>, Tampere University +Press. 2002, sivut 62-80.</p> +</div> +</div> + </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -509,19 +526,19 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -536,20 +553,20 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 2002 Richard Stallman</p> +<p>Copyright © 2002, 2021 Richard Stallman</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:45 $ +$Date: 2021/09/22 11:14:52 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> -</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> </body> </html> |