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author | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2020-10-11 13:29:45 +0200 |
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committer | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2020-10-11 13:29:45 +0200 |
commit | 1ae0306a3cf2ea27f60b2d205789994d260c2cce (patch) | |
tree | 53117a55c27601e92172ea82f1d8cd11d355c06c /talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html | |
parent | 2e665813a44988bfd906c0fab773f82652047841 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3959eee --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/boldrin-levine.html @@ -0,0 +1,127 @@ +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 --> +<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against +intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual property”</h2> + +<p> +by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p> + +<p> +<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail"> +The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>, by Boldrin and Levine, +argues on economic grounds that authors can +make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can copy.</p> + +<p> +You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the +program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious +response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of +copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows +why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the +freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first +copy”.</p> + +<p> +<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The +term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads +confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and +patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to +think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”. +The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and +trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to +ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in +terms of their meager similarities.</p> + +<p> +This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and +the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both +copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms. The +proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an +economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being +irrefutable.</p> + +<p> +I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been +ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one. Boldrin and +Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and +shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to hide.</p> + +<p> +I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual +property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic +aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of +patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for +responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to +economics.</p> + +<p> +The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical. +Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p> + +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent +to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +of this article.</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> + +<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> + +<p class="unprintable">Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> +</body> +</html> |