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author | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2020-10-11 13:29:45 +0200 |
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committer | Christian Grothoff <christian@grothoff.org> | 2020-10-11 13:29:45 +0200 |
commit | 1ae0306a3cf2ea27f60b2d205789994d260c2cce (patch) | |
tree | 53117a55c27601e92172ea82f1d8cd11d355c06c /talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/15-years-of-free-software.html | |
parent | 2e665813a44988bfd906c0fab773f82652047841 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/15-years-of-free-software.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/15-years-of-free-software.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec36cc4 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/15-years-of-free-software.html @@ -0,0 +1,148 @@ +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> +<title>15 Years of Free Software +- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> +<meta http-equiv="Keywords" + content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, freedom, Richard Stallman, rms, free software movement" /> +<meta http-equiv="Description" + content="Richard Stallman discusses the history of the movement to develop a free operating system." /> + +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/15-years-of-free-software.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> + +<h2>15 Years of Free Software</h2> + +<p> + by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong> +</p> + +<p> + It is now just over 15 years since the beginning of the Free + Software Movement and the GNU Project. We have come a long way. +</p> + +<p> + In 1984, it was impossible to use a modern computer without + installing a proprietary operating system, which you would have to + obtain under a restrictive license. No one was allowed to share + software freely with fellow computer users, and hardly anyone could + change software to fit his or her own needs. The owners of software + had erected walls to divide us from each other. +</p> + +<p> + The GNU Project was founded to change all that. Its first goal: to + develop a Unix-compatible portable operating system that would be + 100% free software. Not 95% free, not 99.5%, but 100%—so that + users would be free to redistribute the whole system, and free to + change and contribute to any part of it. The name of the system, + GNU, is a recursive acronym meaning “GNU's Not + Unix”—a way of paying tribute to the technical ideas of + Unix, while at the same + time saying that GNU is something different. Technically, GNU is + like Unix. But unlike Unix, GNU gives its users freedom. +</p> + +<p> + It took many years of work, by hundreds of programmers, to develop + this operating system. Some were paid by the Free Software + Foundation and by free software companies; most were volunteers. A + few have become famous; most are known mainly within their + profession, by other hackers who use or work on their code. All + together have helped to liberate the potential of the computer + network for all humanity. +</p> + +<p> + In 1991, the last major essential component of a Unix-like system + was developed: Linux, the free kernel written by Linus + Torvalds. Today, the combination of GNU and Linux is used by + millions of people around the world, and its popularity is + growing. This month, we announced release 1.0 of + <abbr title="GNU Network Object Model Environment">GNOME</abbr>, + the GNU graphical desktop, which we hope will make the GNU/Linux + system as easy to use as any other operating system. +</p> + +<p> + But our freedom is not permanently assured. The world does not stand + still, and we cannot count on having freedom five years from now, + just because we have it today. Free software faces difficult + challenges and dangers. It will take determined efforts to preserve + our freedom, just as it took to obtain freedom in the first + place. Meanwhile, the operating system is just the + beginning—now we need to add free applications to handle the + whole range of jobs that users want to do. +</p> + +<p> + In future columns, I will be writing about the specific challenges + facing the free software community, and other issues affecting + freedom for computer users, as well as developments affecting the + GNU/Linux operating system. +</p> + +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent +to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +of this article.</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> + +<p>Copyright © 1999, 2014, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> + +<p class="unprintable">Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2020/07/01 14:25:15 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> |