path: root/big-integer/benchmark/benchmark.js

/*!
 * Benchmark.js v1.0.0 <http://benchmarkjs.com/>
 * Copyright 2010-2012 Mathias Bynens <http://mths.be/>
 * Based on JSLitmus.js, copyright Robert Kieffer <http://broofa.com/>
 * Modified by John-David Dalton <http://allyoucanleet.com/>
 * Available under MIT license <http://mths.be/mit>
 */
;(function(window, undefined) {
  'use strict';

  /** Used to assign each benchmark an incrimented id */
  var counter = 0;

  /** Detect DOM document object */
  var doc = isHostType(window, 'document') && document;

  /** Detect free variable `define` */
  var freeDefine = typeof define == 'function' &&
    typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd && define;

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = typeof exports == 'object' && exports &&
    (typeof global == 'object' && global && global == global.global && (window = global), exports);

  /** Detect free variable `require` */
  var freeRequire = typeof require == 'function' && require;

  /** Used to crawl all properties regardless of enumerability */
  var getAllKeys = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;

  /** Used to get property descriptors */
  var getDescriptor = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;

  /** Used in case an object doesn't have its own method */
  var hasOwnProperty = {}.hasOwnProperty;

  /** Used to check if an object is extensible */
  var isExtensible = Object.isExtensible || function() { return true; };

  /** Used to access Wade Simmons' Node microtime module */
  var microtimeObject = req('microtime');

  /** Used to access the browser's high resolution timer */
  var perfObject = isHostType(window, 'performance') && performance;

  /** Used to call the browser's high resolution timer */
  var perfName = perfObject && (
    perfObject.now && 'now' ||
    perfObject.webkitNow && 'webkitNow'
  );

  /** Used to access Node's high resolution timer */
  var processObject = isHostType(window, 'process') && process;

  /** Used to check if an own property is enumerable */
  var propertyIsEnumerable = {}.propertyIsEnumerable;

  /** Used to set property descriptors */
  var setDescriptor = Object.defineProperty;

  /** Used to resolve a value's internal [[Class]] */
  var toString = {}.toString;

  /** Used to prevent a `removeChild` memory leak in IE < 9 */
  var trash = doc && doc.createElement('div');

  /** Used to integrity check compiled tests */
  var uid = 'uid' + (+new Date);

  /** Used to avoid infinite recursion when methods call each other */
  var calledBy = {};

  /** Used to avoid hz of Infinity */
  var divisors = {
    '1': 4096,
    '2': 512,
    '3': 64,
    '4': 8,
    '5': 0
  };

  /**
   * T-Distribution two-tailed critical values for 95% confidence
   * http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda3672.htm
   */
  var tTable = {
    '1':  12.706,'2':  4.303, '3':  3.182, '4':  2.776, '5':  2.571, '6':  2.447,
    '7':  2.365, '8':  2.306, '9':  2.262, '10': 2.228, '11': 2.201, '12': 2.179,
    '13': 2.16,  '14': 2.145, '15': 2.131, '16': 2.12,  '17': 2.11,  '18': 2.101,
    '19': 2.093, '20': 2.086, '21': 2.08,  '22': 2.074, '23': 2.069, '24': 2.064,
    '25': 2.06,  '26': 2.056, '27': 2.052, '28': 2.048, '29': 2.045, '30': 2.042,
    'infinity': 1.96
  };

  /**
   * Critical Mann-Whitney U-values for 95% confidence
   * http://www.saburchill.com/IBbiology/stats/003.html
   */
  var uTable = {
    '5':  [0, 1, 2],
    '6':  [1, 2, 3, 5],
    '7':  [1, 3, 5, 6, 8],
    '8':  [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13],
    '9':  [2, 4, 7, 10, 12, 15, 17],
    '10': [3, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23],
    '11': [3, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30],
    '12': [4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 22, 26, 29, 33, 37],
    '13': [4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 33, 37, 41, 45],
    '14': [5, 9, 13, 17, 22, 26, 31, 36, 40, 45, 50, 55],
    '15': [5, 10, 14, 19, 24, 29, 34, 39, 44, 49, 54, 59, 64],
    '16': [6, 11, 15, 21, 26, 31, 37, 42, 47, 53, 59, 64, 70, 75],
    '17': [6, 11, 17, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 67, 75, 81, 87],
    '18': [7, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 55, 61, 67, 74, 80, 86, 93, 99],
    '19': [7, 13, 19, 25, 32, 38, 45, 52, 58, 65, 72, 78, 85, 92, 99, 106, 113],
    '20': [8, 14, 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, 69, 76, 83, 90, 98, 105, 112, 119, 127],
    '21': [8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 58, 65, 73, 80, 88, 96, 103, 111, 119, 126, 134, 142],
    '22': [9, 16, 23, 30, 38, 45, 53, 61, 69, 77, 85, 93, 101, 109, 117, 125, 133, 141, 150, 158],
    '23': [9, 17, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 73, 81, 89, 98, 106, 115, 123, 132, 140, 149, 157, 166, 175],
    '24': [10, 17, 25, 33, 42, 50, 59, 67, 76, 85, 94, 102, 111, 120, 129, 138, 147, 156, 165, 174, 183, 192],
    '25': [10, 18, 27, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80, 89, 98, 107, 117, 126, 135, 145, 154, 163, 173, 182, 192, 201, 211],
    '26': [11, 19, 28, 37, 46, 55, 64, 74, 83, 93, 102, 112, 122, 132, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 200, 210, 220, 230],
    '27': [11, 20, 29, 38, 48, 57, 67, 77, 87, 97, 107, 118, 125, 138, 147, 158, 168, 178, 188, 199, 209, 219, 230, 240, 250],
    '28': [12, 21, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 101, 111, 122, 132, 143, 154, 164, 175, 186, 196, 207, 218, 228, 239, 250, 261, 272],
    '29': [13, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 73, 83, 94, 105, 116, 127, 138, 149, 160, 171, 182, 193, 204, 215, 226, 238, 249, 260, 271, 282, 294],
    '30': [13, 23, 33, 43, 54, 65, 76, 87, 98, 109, 120, 131, 143, 154, 166, 177, 189, 200, 212, 223, 235, 247, 258, 270, 282, 293, 305, 317]
  };

  /**
   * An object used to flag environments/features.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @type Object
   */
  var support = {};

  (function() {

    /**
     * Detect Adobe AIR.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.air = isClassOf(window.runtime, 'ScriptBridgingProxyObject');

    /**
     * Detect if `arguments` objects have the correct internal [[Class]] value.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.argumentsClass = isClassOf(arguments, 'Arguments');

    /**
     * Detect if in a browser environment.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.browser = doc && isHostType(window, 'navigator');

    /**
     * Detect if strings support accessing characters by index.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.charByIndex =
      // IE 8 supports indexes on string literals but not string objects
      ('x'[0] + Object('x')[0]) == 'xx';

    /**
     * Detect if strings have indexes as own properties.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.charByOwnIndex =
      // Narwhal, Rhino, RingoJS, IE 8, and Opera < 10.52 support indexes on
      // strings but don't detect them as own properties
      support.charByIndex && hasKey('x', '0');

    /**
     * Detect if Java is enabled/exposed.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.java = isClassOf(window.java, 'JavaPackage');

    /**
     * Detect if the Timers API exists.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.timeout = isHostType(window, 'setTimeout') && isHostType(window, 'clearTimeout');

    /**
     * Detect if functions support decompilation.
     *
     * @name decompilation
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    try {
      // Safari 2.x removes commas in object literals
      // from Function#toString results
      // http://webk.it/11609
      // Firefox 3.6 and Opera 9.25 strip grouping
      // parentheses from Function#toString results
      // http://bugzil.la/559438
      support.decompilation = Function(
        'return (' + (function(x) { return { 'x': '' + (1 + x) + '', 'y': 0 }; }) + ')'
      )()(0).x === '1';
    } catch(e) {
      support.decompilation = false;
    }

    /**
     * Detect ES5+ property descriptor API.
     *
     * @name descriptors
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    try {
      var o = {};
      support.descriptors = (setDescriptor(o, o, o), 'value' in getDescriptor(o, o));
    } catch(e) {
      support.descriptors = false;
    }

    /**
     * Detect ES5+ Object.getOwnPropertyNames().
     *
     * @name getAllKeys
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    try {
      support.getAllKeys = /\bvalueOf\b/.test(getAllKeys(Object.prototype));
    } catch(e) {
      support.getAllKeys = false;
    }

    /**
     * Detect if own properties are iterated before inherited properties (all but IE < 9).
     *
     * @name iteratesOwnLast
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    support.iteratesOwnFirst = (function() {
      var props = [];
      function ctor() { this.x = 1; }
      ctor.prototype = { 'y': 1 };
      for (var prop in new ctor) { props.push(prop); }
      return props[0] == 'x';
    }());

    /**
     * Detect if a node's [[Class]] is resolvable (all but IE < 9)
     * and that the JS engine errors when attempting to coerce an object to a
     * string without a `toString` property value of `typeof` "function".
     *
     * @name nodeClass
     * @memberOf Benchmark.support
     * @type Boolean
     */
    try {
      support.nodeClass = ({ 'toString': 0 } + '', toString.call(doc || 0) != '[object Object]');
    } catch(e) {
      support.nodeClass = true;
    }
  }());

  /**
   * Timer object used by `clock()` and `Deferred#resolve`.
   *
   * @private
   * @type Object
   */
  var timer = {

   /**
    * The timer namespace object or constructor.
    *
    * @private
    * @memberOf timer
    * @type Function|Object
    */
    'ns': Date,

   /**
    * Starts the deferred timer.
    *
    * @private
    * @memberOf timer
    * @param {Object} deferred The deferred instance.
    */
    'start': null, // lazy defined in `clock()`

   /**
    * Stops the deferred timer.
    *
    * @private
    * @memberOf timer
    * @param {Object} deferred The deferred instance.
    */
    'stop': null // lazy defined in `clock()`
  };

  /** Shortcut for inverse results */
  var noArgumentsClass = !support.argumentsClass,
      noCharByIndex = !support.charByIndex,
      noCharByOwnIndex = !support.charByOwnIndex;

  /** Math shortcuts */
  var abs   = Math.abs,
      floor = Math.floor,
      max   = Math.max,
      min   = Math.min,
      pow   = Math.pow,
      sqrt  = Math.sqrt;

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The Benchmark constructor.
   *
   * @constructor
   * @param {String} name A name to identify the benchmark.
   * @param {Function|String} fn The test to benchmark.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   * @example
   *
   * // basic usage (the `new` operator is optional)
   * var bench = new Benchmark(fn);
   *
   * // or using a name first
   * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', fn);
   *
   * // or with options
   * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', fn, {
   *
   *   // displayed by Benchmark#toString if `name` is not available
   *   'id': 'xyz',
   *
   *   // called when the benchmark starts running
   *   'onStart': onStart,
   *
   *   // called after each run cycle
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *
   *   // called when aborted
   *   'onAbort': onAbort,
   *
   *   // called when a test errors
   *   'onError': onError,
   *
   *   // called when reset
   *   'onReset': onReset,
   *
   *   // called when the benchmark completes running
   *   'onComplete': onComplete,
   *
   *   // compiled/called before the test loop
   *   'setup': setup,
   *
   *   // compiled/called after the test loop
   *   'teardown': teardown
   * });
   *
   * // or name and options
   * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', {
   *
   *   // a flag to indicate the benchmark is deferred
   *   'defer': true,
   *
   *   // benchmark test function
   *   'fn': function(deferred) {
   *     // call resolve() when the deferred test is finished
   *     deferred.resolve();
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * // or options only
   * var bench = new Benchmark({
   *
   *   // benchmark name
   *   'name': 'foo',
   *
   *   // benchmark test as a string
   *   'fn': '[1,2,3,4].sort()'
   * });
   *
   * // a test's `this` binding is set to the benchmark instance
   * var bench = new Benchmark('foo', function() {
   *   'My name is '.concat(this.name); // My name is foo
   * });
   */
  function Benchmark(name, fn, options) {
    var me = this;

    // allow instance creation without the `new` operator
    if (me == null || me.constructor != Benchmark) {
      return new Benchmark(name, fn, options);
    }
    // juggle arguments
    if (isClassOf(name, 'Object')) {
      // 1 argument (options)
      options = name;
    }
    else if (isClassOf(name, 'Function')) {
      // 2 arguments (fn, options)
      options = fn;
      fn = name;
    }
    else if (isClassOf(fn, 'Object')) {
      // 2 arguments (name, options)
      options = fn;
      fn = null;
      me.name = name;
    }
    else {
      // 3 arguments (name, fn [, options])
      me.name = name;
    }
    setOptions(me, options);
    me.id || (me.id = ++counter);
    me.fn == null && (me.fn = fn);
    me.stats = deepClone(me.stats);
    me.times = deepClone(me.times);
  }

  /**
   * The Deferred constructor.
   *
   * @constructor
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} clone The cloned benchmark instance.
   */
  function Deferred(clone) {
    var me = this;
    if (me == null || me.constructor != Deferred) {
      return new Deferred(clone);
    }
    me.benchmark = clone;
    clock(me);
  }

  /**
   * The Event constructor.
   *
   * @constructor
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {String|Object} type The event type.
   */
  function Event(type) {
    var me = this;
    return (me == null || me.constructor != Event)
      ? new Event(type)
      : (type instanceof Event)
          ? type
          : extend(me, { 'timeStamp': +new Date }, typeof type == 'string' ? { 'type': type } : type);
  }

  /**
   * The Suite constructor.
   *
   * @constructor
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {String} name A name to identify the suite.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   * @example
   *
   * // basic usage (the `new` operator is optional)
   * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite;
   *
   * // or using a name first
   * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite('foo');
   *
   * // or with options
   * var suite = new Benchmark.Suite('foo', {
   *
   *   // called when the suite starts running
   *   'onStart': onStart,
   *
   *   // called between running benchmarks
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *
   *   // called when aborted
   *   'onAbort': onAbort,
   *
   *   // called when a test errors
   *   'onError': onError,
   *
   *   // called when reset
   *   'onReset': onReset,
   *
   *   // called when the suite completes running
   *   'onComplete': onComplete
   * });
   */
  function Suite(name, options) {
    var me = this;

    // allow instance creation without the `new` operator
    if (me == null || me.constructor != Suite) {
      return new Suite(name, options);
    }
    // juggle arguments
    if (isClassOf(name, 'Object')) {
      // 1 argument (options)
      options = name;
    } else {
      // 2 arguments (name [, options])
      me.name = name;
    }
    setOptions(me, options);
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Note: Some array methods have been implemented in plain JavaScript to avoid
   * bugs in IE, Opera, Rhino, and Mobile Safari.
   *
   * IE compatibility mode and IE < 9 have buggy Array `shift()` and `splice()`
   * functions that fail to remove the last element, `object[0]`, of
   * array-like-objects even though the `length` property is set to `0`.
   * The `shift()` method is buggy in IE 8 compatibility mode, while `splice()`
   * is buggy regardless of mode in IE < 9 and buggy in compatibility mode in IE 9.
   *
   * In Opera < 9.50 and some older/beta Mobile Safari versions using `unshift()`
   * generically to augment the `arguments` object will pave the value at index 0
   * without incrimenting the other values's indexes.
   * https://github.com/documentcloud/underscore/issues/9
   *
   * Rhino and environments it powers, like Narwhal and RingoJS, may have
   * buggy Array `concat()`, `reverse()`, `shift()`, `slice()`, `splice()` and
   * `unshift()` functions that make sparse arrays non-sparse by assigning the
   * undefined indexes a value of undefined.
   * https://github.com/mozilla/rhino/commit/702abfed3f8ca043b2636efd31c14ba7552603dd
   */

  /**
   * Creates an array containing the elements of the host array followed by the
   * elements of each argument in order.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Array} The new array.
   */
  function concat() {
    var value,
        j = -1,
        length = arguments.length,
        result = slice.call(this),
        index = result.length;

    while (++j < length) {
      value = arguments[j];
      if (isClassOf(value, 'Array')) {
        for (var k = 0, l = value.length; k < l; k++, index++) {
          if (k in value) {
            result[index] = value[k];
          }
        }
      } else {
        result[index++] = value;
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Utility function used by `shift()`, `splice()`, and `unshift()`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Number} start The index to start inserting elements.
   * @param {Number} deleteCount The number of elements to delete from the insert point.
   * @param {Array} elements The elements to insert.
   * @returns {Array} An array of deleted elements.
   */
  function insert(start, deleteCount, elements) {
    // `result` should have its length set to the `deleteCount`
    // see https://bugs.ecmascript.org/show_bug.cgi?id=332
    var deleteEnd = start + deleteCount,
        elementCount = elements ? elements.length : 0,
        index = start - 1,
        length = start + elementCount,
        object = this,
        result = Array(deleteCount),
        tail = slice.call(object, deleteEnd);

    // delete elements from the array
    while (++index < deleteEnd) {
      if (index in object) {
        result[index - start] = object[index];
        delete object[index];
      }
    }
    // insert elements
    index = start - 1;
    while (++index < length) {
      object[index] = elements[index - start];
    }
    // append tail elements
    start = index--;
    length = max(0, (object.length >>> 0) - deleteCount + elementCount);
    while (++index < length) {
      if ((index - start) in tail) {
        object[index] = tail[index - start];
      } else if (index in object) {
        delete object[index];
      }
    }
    // delete excess elements
    deleteCount = deleteCount > elementCount ? deleteCount - elementCount : 0;
    while (deleteCount--) {
      index = length + deleteCount;
      if (index in object) {
        delete object[index];
      }
    }
    object.length = length;
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Rearrange the host array's elements in reverse order.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Array} The reversed array.
   */
  function reverse() {
    var upperIndex,
        value,
        index = -1,
        object = Object(this),
        length = object.length >>> 0,
        middle = floor(length / 2);

    if (length > 1) {
      while (++index < middle) {
        upperIndex = length - index - 1;
        value = upperIndex in object ? object[upperIndex] : uid;
        if (index in object) {
          object[upperIndex] = object[index];
        } else {
          delete object[upperIndex];
        }
        if (value != uid) {
          object[index] = value;
        } else {
          delete object[index];
        }
      }
    }
    return object;
  }

  /**
   * Removes the first element of the host array and returns it.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Mixed} The first element of the array.
   */
  function shift() {
    return insert.call(this, 0, 1)[0];
  }

  /**
   * Creates an array of the host array's elements from the start index up to,
   * but not including, the end index.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {Number} start The starting index.
   * @param {Number} end The end index.
   * @returns {Array} The new array.
   */
  function slice(start, end) {
    var index = -1,
        object = Object(this),
        length = object.length >>> 0,
        result = [];

    start = toInteger(start);
    start = start < 0 ? max(length + start, 0) : min(start, length);
    start--;
    end = end == null ? length : toInteger(end);
    end = end < 0 ? max(length + end, 0) : min(end, length);

    while ((++index, ++start) < end) {
      if (start in object) {
        result[index] = object[start];
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Allows removing a range of elements and/or inserting elements into the
   * host array.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {Number} start The start index.
   * @param {Number} deleteCount The number of elements to delete.
   * @param {Mixed} [val1, val2, ...] values to insert at the `start` index.
   * @returns {Array} An array of removed elements.
   */
  function splice(start, deleteCount) {
    var object = Object(this),
        length = object.length >>> 0;

    start = toInteger(start);
    start = start < 0 ? max(length + start, 0) : min(start, length);

    // support the de-facto SpiderMonkey extension
    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/splice#Parameters
    // https://bugs.ecmascript.org/show_bug.cgi?id=429
    deleteCount = arguments.length == 1
      ? length - start
      : min(max(toInteger(deleteCount), 0), length - start);

    return insert.call(object, start, deleteCount, slice.call(arguments, 2));
  }

  /**
   * Converts the specified `value` to an integer.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to convert.
   * @returns {Number} The resulting integer.
   */
  function toInteger(value) {
    value = +value;
    return value === 0 || !isFinite(value) ? value || 0 : value - (value % 1);
  }

  /**
   * Appends arguments to the host array.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Number} The new length.
   */
  function unshift() {
    var object = Object(this);
    insert.call(object, 0, 0, arguments);
    return object.length;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * A generic `Function#bind` like method.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} fn The function to be bound to `thisArg`.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the given function.
   * @returns {Function} The bound function.
   */
  function bind(fn, thisArg) {
    return function() { fn.apply(thisArg, arguments); };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a function from the given arguments string and body.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} args The comma separated function arguments.
   * @param {String} body The function body.
   * @returns {Function} The new function.
   */
  function createFunction() {
    // lazy define
    createFunction = function(args, body) {
      var result,
          anchor = freeDefine ? define.amd : Benchmark,
          prop = uid + 'createFunction';

      runScript((freeDefine ? 'define.amd.' : 'Benchmark.') + prop + '=function(' + args + '){' + body + '}');
      result = anchor[prop];
      delete anchor[prop];
      return result;
    };
    // fix JaegerMonkey bug
    // http://bugzil.la/639720
    createFunction = support.browser && (createFunction('', 'return"' + uid + '"') || noop)() == uid ? createFunction : Function;
    return createFunction.apply(null, arguments);
  }

  /**
   * Delay the execution of a function based on the benchmark's `delay` property.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
   * @param {Object} fn The function to execute.
   */
  function delay(bench, fn) {
    bench._timerId = setTimeout(fn, bench.delay * 1e3);
  }

  /**
   * Destroys the given element.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Element} element The element to destroy.
   */
  function destroyElement(element) {
    trash.appendChild(element);
    trash.innerHTML = '';
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over an object's properties, executing the `callback` for each.
   * Callbacks may terminate the loop by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function executed per own property.
   * @param {Object} options The options object.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the object iterated over.
   */
  function forProps() {
    var forShadowed,
        skipSeen,
        forArgs = true,
        shadowed = ['constructor', 'hasOwnProperty', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable', 'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'valueOf'];

    (function(enumFlag, key) {
      // must use a non-native constructor to catch the Safari 2 issue
      function Klass() { this.valueOf = 0; };
      Klass.prototype.valueOf = 0;
      // check various for-in bugs
      for (key in new Klass) {
        enumFlag += key == 'valueOf' ? 1 : 0;
      }
      // check if `arguments` objects have non-enumerable indexes
      for (key in arguments) {
        key == '0' && (forArgs = false);
      }
      // Safari 2 iterates over shadowed properties twice
      // http://replay.waybackmachine.org/20090428222941/http://tobielangel.com/2007/1/29/for-in-loop-broken-in-safari/
      skipSeen = enumFlag == 2;
      // IE < 9 incorrectly makes an object's properties non-enumerable if they have
      // the same name as other non-enumerable properties in its prototype chain.
      forShadowed = !enumFlag;
    }(0));

    // lazy define
    forProps = function(object, callback, options) {
      options || (options = {});

      var result = object;
      object = Object(object);

      var ctor,
          key,
          keys,
          skipCtor,
          done = !result,
          which = options.which,
          allFlag = which == 'all',
          index = -1,
          iteratee = object,
          length = object.length,
          ownFlag = allFlag || which == 'own',
          seen = {},
          skipProto = isClassOf(object, 'Function'),
          thisArg = options.bind;

      if (thisArg !== undefined) {
        callback = bind(callback, thisArg);
      }
      // iterate all properties
      if (allFlag && support.getAllKeys) {
        for (index = 0, keys = getAllKeys(object), length = keys.length; index < length; index++) {
          key = keys[index];
          if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      // else iterate only enumerable properties
      else {
        for (key in object) {
          // Firefox < 3.6, Opera > 9.50 - Opera < 11.60, and Safari < 5.1
          // (if the prototype or a property on the prototype has been set)
          // incorrectly set a function's `prototype` property [[Enumerable]] value
          // to `true`. Because of this we standardize on skipping the `prototype`
          // property of functions regardless of their [[Enumerable]] value.
          if ((done =
              !(skipProto && key == 'prototype') &&
              !(skipSeen && (hasKey(seen, key) || !(seen[key] = true))) &&
              (!ownFlag || ownFlag && hasKey(object, key)) &&
              callback(object[key], key, object) === false)) {
            break;
          }
        }
        // in IE < 9 strings don't support accessing characters by index
        if (!done && (forArgs && isArguments(object) ||
            ((noCharByIndex || noCharByOwnIndex) && isClassOf(object, 'String') &&
              (iteratee = noCharByIndex ? object.split('') : object)))) {
          while (++index < length) {
            if ((done =
                callback(iteratee[index], String(index), object) === false)) {
              break;
            }
          }
        }
        if (!done && forShadowed) {
          // Because IE < 9 can't set the `[[Enumerable]]` attribute of an existing
          // property and the `constructor` property of a prototype defaults to
          // non-enumerable, we manually skip the `constructor` property when we
          // think we are iterating over a `prototype` object.
          ctor = object.constructor;
          skipCtor = ctor && ctor.prototype && ctor.prototype.constructor === ctor;
          for (index = 0; index < 7; index++) {
            key = shadowed[index];
            if (!(skipCtor && key == 'constructor') &&
                hasKey(object, key) &&
                callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return result;
    };
    return forProps.apply(null, arguments);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the name of the first argument from a function's source.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} fn The function.
   * @returns {String} The argument name.
   */
  function getFirstArgument(fn) {
    return (!hasKey(fn, 'toString') &&
      (/^[\s(]*function[^(]*\(([^\s,)]+)/.exec(fn) || 0)[1]) || '';
  }

  /**
   * Computes the arithmetic mean of a sample.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} sample The sample.
   * @returns {Number} The mean.
   */
  function getMean(sample) {
    return reduce(sample, function(sum, x) {
      return sum + x;
    }) / sample.length || 0;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the source code of a function.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} fn The function.
   * @param {String} altSource A string used when a function's source code is unretrievable.
   * @returns {String} The function's source code.
   */
  function getSource(fn, altSource) {
    var result = altSource;
    if (isStringable(fn)) {
      result = String(fn);
    } else if (support.decompilation) {
      // escape the `{` for Firefox 1
      result = (/^[^{]+\{([\s\S]*)}\s*$/.exec(fn) || 0)[1];
    }
    // trim string
    result = (result || '').replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');

    // detect strings containing only the "use strict" directive
    return /^(?:\/\*+[\w|\W]*?\*\/|\/\/.*?[\n\r\u2028\u2029]|\s)*(["'])use strict\1;?$/.test(result)
      ? ''
      : result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a value is an `arguments` object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the value is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
   */
  function isArguments() {
    // lazy define
    isArguments = function(value) {
      return toString.call(value) == '[object Arguments]';
    };
    if (noArgumentsClass) {
      isArguments = function(value) {
        return hasKey(value, 'callee') &&
          !(propertyIsEnumerable && propertyIsEnumerable.call(value, 'callee'));
      };
    }
    return isArguments(arguments[0]);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if an object is of the specified class.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @param {String} name The name of the class.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the value is of the specified class, else `false`.
   */
  function isClassOf(value, name) {
    return value != null && toString.call(value) == '[object ' + name + ']';
  }

  /**
   * Host objects can return type values that are different from their actual
   * data type. The objects we are concerned with usually return non-primitive
   * types of object, function, or unknown.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} object The owner of the property.
   * @param {String} property The property to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the property value is a non-primitive, else `false`.
   */
  function isHostType(object, property) {
    var type = object != null ? typeof object[property] : 'number';
    return !/^(?:boolean|number|string|undefined)$/.test(type) &&
      (type == 'object' ? !!object[property] : true);
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a given `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor
   * assuming objects created by the `Object` constructor have no inherited
   * enumerable properties and that there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a plain `Object` object, else `false`.
   */
  function isPlainObject(value) {
    // avoid non-objects and false positives for `arguments` objects in IE < 9
    var result = false;
    if (!(value && typeof value == 'object') || isArguments(value)) {
      return result;
    }
    // IE < 9 presents DOM nodes as `Object` objects except they have `toString`
    // methods that are `typeof` "string" and still can coerce nodes to strings.
    // Also check that the constructor is `Object` (i.e. `Object instanceof Object`)
    var ctor = value.constructor;
    if ((support.nodeClass || !(typeof value.toString != 'function' && typeof (value + '') == 'string')) &&
        (!isClassOf(ctor, 'Function') || ctor instanceof ctor)) {
      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
      if (support.iteratesOwnFirst) {
        forProps(value, function(subValue, subKey) {
          result = subKey;
        });
        return result === false || hasKey(value, result);
      }
      // IE < 9 iterates inherited properties before own properties. If the first
      // iterated property is an object's own property then there are no inherited
      // enumerable properties.
      forProps(value, function(subValue, subKey) {
        result = !hasKey(value, subKey);
        return false;
      });
      return result === false;
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Checks if a value can be safely coerced to a string.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to check.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if the value can be coerced, else `false`.
   */
  function isStringable(value) {
    return hasKey(value, 'toString') || isClassOf(value, 'String');
  }

  /**
   * Wraps a function and passes `this` to the original function as the
   * first argument.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Function} fn The function to be wrapped.
   * @returns {Function} The new function.
   */
  function methodize(fn) {
    return function() {
      var args = [this];
      args.push.apply(args, arguments);
      return fn.apply(null, args);
    };
  }

  /**
   * A no-operation function.
   *
   * @private
   */
  function noop() {
    // no operation performed
  }

  /**
   * A wrapper around require() to suppress `module missing` errors.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} id The module id.
   * @returns {Mixed} The exported module or `null`.
   */
  function req(id) {
    try {
      var result = freeExports && freeRequire(id);
    } catch(e) { }
    return result || null;
  }

  /**
   * Runs a snippet of JavaScript via script injection.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {String} code The code to run.
   */
  function runScript(code) {
    var anchor = freeDefine ? define.amd : Benchmark,
        script = doc.createElement('script'),
        sibling = doc.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],
        parent = sibling.parentNode,
        prop = uid + 'runScript',
        prefix = '(' + (freeDefine ? 'define.amd.' : 'Benchmark.') + prop + '||function(){})();';

    // Firefox 2.0.0.2 cannot use script injection as intended because it executes
    // asynchronously, but that's OK because script injection is only used to avoid
    // the previously commented JaegerMonkey bug.
    try {
      // remove the inserted script *before* running the code to avoid differences
      // in the expected script element count/order of the document.
      script.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(prefix + code));
      anchor[prop] = function() { destroyElement(script); };
    } catch(e) {
      parent = parent.cloneNode(false);
      sibling = null;
      script.text = code;
    }
    parent.insertBefore(script, sibling);
    delete anchor[prop];
  }

  /**
   * A helper function for setting options/event handlers.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   */
  function setOptions(bench, options) {
    options = extend({}, bench.constructor.options, options);
    bench.options = forOwn(options, function(value, key) {
      if (value != null) {
        // add event listeners
        if (/^on[A-Z]/.test(key)) {
          forEach(key.split(' '), function(key) {
            bench.on(key.slice(2).toLowerCase(), value);
          });
        } else if (!hasKey(bench, key)) {
          bench[key] = deepClone(value);
        }
      }
    });
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Handles cycling/completing the deferred benchmark.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
   */
  function resolve() {
    var me = this,
        clone = me.benchmark,
        bench = clone._original;

    if (bench.aborted) {
      // cycle() -> clone cycle/complete event -> compute()'s invoked bench.run() cycle/complete
      me.teardown();
      clone.running = false;
      cycle(me);
    }
    else if (++me.cycles < clone.count) {
      // continue the test loop
      if (support.timeout) {
        // use setTimeout to avoid a call stack overflow if called recursively
        setTimeout(function() { clone.compiled.call(me, timer); }, 0);
      } else {
        clone.compiled.call(me, timer);
      }
    }
    else {
      timer.stop(me);
      me.teardown();
      delay(clone, function() { cycle(me); });
    }
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * A deep clone utility.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to clone.
   * @returns {Mixed} The cloned value.
   */
  function deepClone(value) {
    var accessor,
        circular,
        clone,
        ctor,
        descriptor,
        extensible,
        key,
        length,
        markerKey,
        parent,
        result,
        source,
        subIndex,
        data = { 'value': value },
        index = 0,
        marked = [],
        queue = { 'length': 0 },
        unmarked = [];

    /**
     * An easily detectable decorator for cloned values.
     */
    function Marker(object) {
      this.raw = object;
    }

    /**
     * The callback used by `forProps()`.
     */
    function forPropsCallback(subValue, subKey) {
      // exit early to avoid cloning the marker
      if (subValue && subValue.constructor == Marker) {
        return;
      }
      // add objects to the queue
      if (subValue === Object(subValue)) {
        queue[queue.length++] = { 'key': subKey, 'parent': clone, 'source': value };
      }
      // assign non-objects
      else {
        try {
          // will throw an error in strict mode if the property is read-only
          clone[subKey] = subValue;
        } catch(e) { }
      }
    }

    /**
     * Gets an available marker key for the given object.
     */
    function getMarkerKey(object) {
      // avoid collisions with existing keys
      var result = uid;
      while (object[result] && object[result].constructor != Marker) {
        result += 1;
      }
      return result;
    }

    do {
      key = data.key;
      parent = data.parent;
      source = data.source;
      clone = value = source ? source[key] : data.value;
      accessor = circular = descriptor = false;

      // create a basic clone to filter out functions, DOM elements, and
      // other non `Object` objects
      if (value === Object(value)) {
        // use custom deep clone function if available
        if (isClassOf(value.deepClone, 'Function')) {
          clone = value.deepClone();
        } else {
          ctor = value.constructor;
          switch (toString.call(value)) {
            case '[object Array]':
              clone = new ctor(value.length);
              break;

            case '[object Boolean]':
              clone = new ctor(value == true);
              break;

            case '[object Date]':
              clone = new ctor(+value);
              break;

            case '[object Object]':
              isPlainObject(value) && (clone = {});
              break;

            case '[object Number]':
            case '[object String]':
              clone = new ctor(value);
              break;

            case '[object RegExp]':
              clone = ctor(value.source,
                (value.global     ? 'g' : '') +
                (value.ignoreCase ? 'i' : '') +
                (value.multiline  ? 'm' : ''));
          }
        }
        // continue clone if `value` doesn't have an accessor descriptor
        // http://es5.github.com/#x8.10.1
        if (clone && clone != value &&
            !(descriptor = source && support.descriptors && getDescriptor(source, key),
              accessor = descriptor && (descriptor.get || descriptor.set))) {
          // use an existing clone (circular reference)
          if ((extensible = isExtensible(value))) {
            markerKey = getMarkerKey(value);
            if (value[markerKey]) {
              circular = clone = value[markerKey].raw;
            }
          } else {
            // for frozen/sealed objects
            for (subIndex = 0, length = unmarked.length; subIndex < length; subIndex++) {
              data = unmarked[subIndex];
              if (data.object === value) {
                circular = clone = data.clone;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
          if (!circular) {
            // mark object to allow quickly detecting circular references and tie it to its clone
            if (extensible) {
              value[markerKey] = new Marker(clone);
              marked.push({ 'key': markerKey, 'object': value });
            } else {
              // for frozen/sealed objects
              unmarked.push({ 'clone': clone, 'object': value });
            }
            // iterate over object properties
            forProps(value, forPropsCallback, { 'which': 'all' });
          }
        }
      }
      if (parent) {
        // for custom property descriptors
        if (accessor || (descriptor && !(descriptor.configurable && descriptor.enumerable && descriptor.writable))) {
          if ('value' in descriptor) {
            descriptor.value = clone;
          }
          setDescriptor(parent, key, descriptor);
        }
        // for default property descriptors
        else {
          parent[key] = clone;
        }
      } else {
        result = clone;
      }
    } while ((data = queue[index++]));

    // remove markers
    for (index = 0, length = marked.length; index < length; index++) {
      data = marked[index];
      delete data.object[data.key];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * An iteration utility for arrays and objects.
   * Callbacks may terminate the loop by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array|Object} Returns the object iterated over.
   */
  function each(object, callback, thisArg) {
    var result = object;
    object = Object(object);

    var fn = callback,
        index = -1,
        length = object.length,
        isSnapshot = !!(object.snapshotItem && (length = object.snapshotLength)),
        isSplittable = (noCharByIndex || noCharByOwnIndex) && isClassOf(object, 'String'),
        isConvertable = isSnapshot || isSplittable || 'item' in object,
        origObject = object;

    // in Opera < 10.5 `hasKey(object, 'length')` returns `false` for NodeLists
    if (length === length >>> 0) {
      if (isConvertable) {
        // the third argument of the callback is the original non-array object
        callback = function(value, index) {
          return fn.call(this, value, index, origObject);
        };
        // in IE < 9 strings don't support accessing characters by index
        if (isSplittable) {
          object = object.split('');
        } else {
          object = [];
          while (++index < length) {
            // in Safari 2 `index in object` is always `false` for NodeLists
            object[index] = isSnapshot ? result.snapshotItem(index) : result[index];
          }
        }
      }
      forEach(object, callback, thisArg);
    } else {
      forOwn(object, callback, thisArg);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Copies enumerable properties from the source(s) object to the destination object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} destination The destination object.
   * @param {Object} [source={}] The source object.
   * @returns {Object} The destination object.
   */
  function extend(destination, source) {
    // Chrome < 14 incorrectly sets `destination` to `undefined` when we `delete arguments[0]`
    // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=839
    var result = destination;
    delete arguments[0];

    forEach(arguments, function(source) {
      forProps(source, function(value, key) {
        result[key] = value;
      });
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * A generic `Array#filter` like method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function|String} callback The function/alias called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} A new array of values that passed callback filter.
   * @example
   *
   * // get odd numbers
   * Benchmark.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], function(n) {
   *   return n % 2;
   * }); // -> [1, 3, 5];
   *
   * // get fastest benchmarks
   * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'fastest');
   *
   * // get slowest benchmarks
   * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'slowest');
   *
   * // get benchmarks that completed without erroring
   * Benchmark.filter(benches, 'successful');
   */
  function filter(array, callback, thisArg) {
    var result;

    if (callback == 'successful') {
      // callback to exclude those that are errored, unrun, or have hz of Infinity
      callback = function(bench) { return bench.cycles && isFinite(bench.hz); };
    }
    else if (callback == 'fastest' || callback == 'slowest') {
      // get successful, sort by period + margin of error, and filter fastest/slowest
      result = filter(array, 'successful').sort(function(a, b) {
        a = a.stats; b = b.stats;
        return (a.mean + a.moe > b.mean + b.moe ? 1 : -1) * (callback == 'fastest' ? 1 : -1);
      });
      result = filter(result, function(bench) {
        return result[0].compare(bench) == 0;
      });
    }
    return result || reduce(array, function(result, value, index) {
      return callback.call(thisArg, value, index, array) ? (result.push(value), result) : result;
    }, []);
  }

  /**
   * A generic `Array#forEach` like method.
   * Callbacks may terminate the loop by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the array iterated over.
   */
  function forEach(array, callback, thisArg) {
    var index = -1,
        length = (array = Object(array)).length >>> 0;

    if (thisArg !== undefined) {
      callback = bind(callback, thisArg);
    }
    while (++index < length) {
      if (index in array &&
          callback(array[index], index, array) === false) {
        break;
      }
    }
    return array;
  }

  /**
   * Iterates over an object's own properties, executing the `callback` for each.
   * Callbacks may terminate the loop by explicitly returning `false`.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function executed per own property.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Object} Returns the object iterated over.
   */
  function forOwn(object, callback, thisArg) {
    return forProps(object, callback, { 'bind': thisArg, 'which': 'own' });
  }

  /**
   * Converts a number to a more readable comma-separated string representation.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Number} number The number to convert.
   * @returns {String} The more readable string representation.
   */
  function formatNumber(number) {
    number = String(number).split('.');
    return number[0].replace(/(?=(?:\d{3})+$)(?!\b)/g, ',') +
      (number[1] ? '.' + number[1] : '');
  }

  /**
   * Checks if an object has the specified key as a direct property.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} object The object to check.
   * @param {String} key The key to check for.
   * @returns {Boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
   */
  function hasKey() {
    // lazy define for worst case fallback (not as accurate)
    hasKey = function(object, key) {
      var parent = object != null && (object.constructor || Object).prototype;
      return !!parent && key in Object(object) && !(key in parent && object[key] === parent[key]);
    };
    // for modern browsers
    if (isClassOf(hasOwnProperty, 'Function')) {
      hasKey = function(object, key) {
        return object != null && hasOwnProperty.call(object, key);
      };
    }
    // for Safari 2
    else if ({}.__proto__ == Object.prototype) {
      hasKey = function(object, key) {
        var result = false;
        if (object != null) {
          object = Object(object);
          object.__proto__ = [object.__proto__, object.__proto__ = null, result = key in object][0];
        }
        return result;
      };
    }
    return hasKey.apply(this, arguments);
  }

  /**
   * A generic `Array#indexOf` like method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
   * @param {Number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start searching from.
   * @returns {Number} The index of the matched value or `-1`.
   */
  function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = toInteger(fromIndex),
        length = (array = Object(array)).length >>> 0;

    index = (index < 0 ? max(0, length + index) : index) - 1;
    while (++index < length) {
      if (index in array && value === array[index]) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Modify a string by replacing named tokens with matching object property values.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {String} string The string to modify.
   * @param {Object} object The template object.
   * @returns {String} The modified string.
   */
  function interpolate(string, object) {
    forOwn(object, function(value, key) {
      // escape regexp special characters in `key`
      string = string.replace(RegExp('#\\{' + key.replace(/([.*+?^=!:${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1') + '\\}', 'g'), value);
    });
    return string;
  }

  /**
   * Invokes a method on all items in an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} benches Array of benchmarks to iterate over.
   * @param {String|Object} name The name of the method to invoke OR options object.
   * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
   * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned from each method invoked.
   * @example
   *
   * // invoke `reset` on all benchmarks
   * Benchmark.invoke(benches, 'reset');
   *
   * // invoke `emit` with arguments
   * Benchmark.invoke(benches, 'emit', 'complete', listener);
   *
   * // invoke `run(true)`, treat benchmarks as a queue, and register invoke callbacks
   * Benchmark.invoke(benches, {
   *
   *   // invoke the `run` method
   *   'name': 'run',
   *
   *   // pass a single argument
   *   'args': true,
   *
   *   // treat as queue, removing benchmarks from front of `benches` until empty
   *   'queued': true,
   *
   *   // called before any benchmarks have been invoked.
   *   'onStart': onStart,
   *
   *   // called between invoking benchmarks
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *
   *   // called after all benchmarks have been invoked.
   *   'onComplete': onComplete
   * });
   */
  function invoke(benches, name) {
    var args,
        bench,
        queued,
        index = -1,
        eventProps = { 'currentTarget': benches },
        options = { 'onStart': noop, 'onCycle': noop, 'onComplete': noop },
        result = map(benches, function(bench) { return bench; });

    /**
     * Invokes the method of the current object and if synchronous, fetches the next.
     */
    function execute() {
      var listeners,
          async = isAsync(bench);

      if (async) {
        // use `getNext` as the first listener
        bench.on('complete', getNext);
        listeners = bench.events.complete;
        listeners.splice(0, 0, listeners.pop());
      }
      // execute method
      result[index] = isClassOf(bench && bench[name], 'Function') ? bench[name].apply(bench, args) : undefined;
      // if synchronous return true until finished
      return !async && getNext();
    }

    /**
     * Fetches the next bench or executes `onComplete` callback.
     */
    function getNext(event) {
      var cycleEvent,
          last = bench,
          async = isAsync(last);

      if (async) {
        last.off('complete', getNext);
        last.emit('complete');
      }
      // emit "cycle" event
      eventProps.type = 'cycle';
      eventProps.target = last;
      cycleEvent = Event(eventProps);
      options.onCycle.call(benches, cycleEvent);

      // choose next benchmark if not exiting early
      if (!cycleEvent.aborted && raiseIndex() !== false) {
        bench = queued ? benches[0] : result[index];
        if (isAsync(bench)) {
          delay(bench, execute);
        }
        else if (async) {
          // resume execution if previously asynchronous but now synchronous
          while (execute()) { }
        }
        else {
          // continue synchronous execution
          return true;
        }
      } else {
        // emit "complete" event
        eventProps.type = 'complete';
        options.onComplete.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
      }
      // When used as a listener `event.aborted = true` will cancel the rest of
      // the "complete" listeners because they were already called above and when
      // used as part of `getNext` the `return false` will exit the execution while-loop.
      if (event) {
        event.aborted = true;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if invoking `Benchmark#run` with asynchronous cycles.
     */
    function isAsync(object) {
      // avoid using `instanceof` here because of IE memory leak issues with host objects
      var async = args[0] && args[0].async;
      return Object(object).constructor == Benchmark && name == 'run' &&
        ((async == null ? object.options.async : async) && support.timeout || object.defer);
    }

    /**
     * Raises `index` to the next defined index or returns `false`.
     */
    function raiseIndex() {
      var length = result.length;
      if (queued) {
        // if queued remove the previous bench and subsequent skipped non-entries
        do {
          ++index > 0 && shift.call(benches);
        } while ((length = benches.length) && !('0' in benches));
      }
      else {
        while (++index < length && !(index in result)) { }
      }
      // if we reached the last index then return `false`
      return (queued ? length : index < length) ? index : (index = false);
    }

    // juggle arguments
    if (isClassOf(name, 'String')) {
      // 2 arguments (array, name)
      args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
    } else {
      // 2 arguments (array, options)
      options = extend(options, name);
      name = options.name;
      args = isClassOf(args = 'args' in options ? options.args : [], 'Array') ? args : [args];
      queued = options.queued;
    }

    // start iterating over the array
    if (raiseIndex() !== false) {
      // emit "start" event
      bench = result[index];
      eventProps.type = 'start';
      eventProps.target = bench;
      options.onStart.call(benches, Event(eventProps));

      // end early if the suite was aborted in an "onStart" listener
      if (benches.aborted && benches.constructor == Suite && name == 'run') {
        // emit "cycle" event
        eventProps.type = 'cycle';
        options.onCycle.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
        // emit "complete" event
        eventProps.type = 'complete';
        options.onComplete.call(benches, Event(eventProps));
      }
      // else start
      else {
        if (isAsync(bench)) {
          delay(bench, execute);
        } else {
          while (execute()) { }
        }
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a string of joined array values or object key-value pairs.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array|Object} object The object to operate on.
   * @param {String} [separator1=','] The separator used between key-value pairs.
   * @param {String} [separator2=': '] The separator used between keys and values.
   * @returns {String} The joined result.
   */
  function join(object, separator1, separator2) {
    var result = [],
        length = (object = Object(object)).length,
        arrayLike = length === length >>> 0;

    separator2 || (separator2 = ': ');
    each(object, function(value, key) {
      result.push(arrayLike ? value : key + separator2 + value);
    });
    return result.join(separator1 || ',');
  }

  /**
   * A generic `Array#map` like method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} thisArg The `this` binding for the callback.
   * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned by the callback.
   */
  function map(array, callback, thisArg) {
    return reduce(array, function(result, value, index) {
      result[index] = callback.call(thisArg, value, index, array);
      return result;
    }, Array(Object(array).length >>> 0));
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all items in an array.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
   * @returns {Array} A new array of property values.
   */
  function pluck(array, property) {
    return map(array, function(object) {
      return object == null ? undefined : object[property];
    });
  }

  /**
   * A generic `Array#reduce` like method.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Array} array The array to iterate over.
   * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
   * @param {Mixed} accumulator Initial value of the accumulator.
   * @returns {Mixed} The accumulator.
   */
  function reduce(array, callback, accumulator) {
    var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
    forEach(array, function(value, index) {
      accumulator = noaccum ? (noaccum = false, value) : callback(accumulator, value, index, array);
    });
    return accumulator;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Aborts all benchmarks in the suite.
   *
   * @name abort
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
   */
  function abortSuite() {
    var event,
        me = this,
        resetting = calledBy.resetSuite;

    if (me.running) {
      event = Event('abort');
      me.emit(event);
      if (!event.cancelled || resetting) {
        // avoid infinite recursion
        calledBy.abortSuite = true;
        me.reset();
        delete calledBy.abortSuite;

        if (!resetting) {
          me.aborted = true;
          invoke(me, 'abort');
        }
      }
    }
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a test to the benchmark suite.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {String} name A name to identify the benchmark.
   * @param {Function|String} fn The test to benchmark.
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   * @example
   *
   * // basic usage
   * suite.add(fn);
   *
   * // or using a name first
   * suite.add('foo', fn);
   *
   * // or with options
   * suite.add('foo', fn, {
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *   'onComplete': onComplete
   * });
   *
   * // or name and options
   * suite.add('foo', {
   *   'fn': fn,
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *   'onComplete': onComplete
   * });
   *
   * // or options only
   * suite.add({
   *   'name': 'foo',
   *   'fn': fn,
   *   'onCycle': onCycle,
   *   'onComplete': onComplete
   * });
   */
  function add(name, fn, options) {
    var me = this,
        bench = Benchmark(name, fn, options),
        event = Event({ 'type': 'add', 'target': bench });

    if (me.emit(event), !event.cancelled) {
      me.push(bench);
    }
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new suite with cloned benchmarks.
   *
   * @name clone
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {Object} options Options object to overwrite cloned options.
   * @returns {Object} The new suite instance.
   */
  function cloneSuite(options) {
    var me = this,
        result = new me.constructor(extend({}, me.options, options));

    // copy own properties
    forOwn(me, function(value, key) {
      if (!hasKey(result, key)) {
        result[key] = value && isClassOf(value.clone, 'Function')
          ? value.clone()
          : deepClone(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * An `Array#filter` like method.
   *
   * @name filter
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {Function|String} callback The function/alias called per iteration.
   * @returns {Object} A new suite of benchmarks that passed callback filter.
   */
  function filterSuite(callback) {
    var me = this,
        result = new me.constructor;

    result.push.apply(result, filter(me, callback));
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Resets all benchmarks in the suite.
   *
   * @name reset
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
   */
  function resetSuite() {
    var event,
        me = this,
        aborting = calledBy.abortSuite;

    if (me.running && !aborting) {
      // no worries, `resetSuite()` is called within `abortSuite()`
      calledBy.resetSuite = true;
      me.abort();
      delete calledBy.resetSuite;
    }
    // reset if the state has changed
    else if ((me.aborted || me.running) &&
        (me.emit(event = Event('reset')), !event.cancelled)) {
      me.running = false;
      if (!aborting) {
        invoke(me, 'reset');
      }
    }
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Runs the suite.
   *
   * @name run
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   * @returns {Object} The suite instance.
   * @example
   *
   * // basic usage
   * suite.run();
   *
   * // or with options
   * suite.run({ 'async': true, 'queued': true });
   */
  function runSuite(options) {
    var me = this;

    me.reset();
    me.running = true;
    options || (options = {});

    invoke(me, {
      'name': 'run',
      'args': options,
      'queued': options.queued,
      'onStart': function(event) {
        me.emit(event);
      },
      'onCycle': function(event) {
        var bench = event.target;
        if (bench.error) {
          me.emit({ 'type': 'error', 'target': bench });
        }
        me.emit(event);
        event.aborted = me.aborted;
      },
      'onComplete': function(event) {
        me.running = false;
        me.emit(event);
      }
    });
    return me;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Executes all registered listeners of the specified event type.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {String|Object} type The event type or object.
   * @returns {Mixed} Returns the return value of the last listener executed.
   */
  function emit(type) {
    var listeners,
        me = this,
        event = Event(type),
        events = me.events,
        args = (arguments[0] = event, arguments);

    event.currentTarget || (event.currentTarget = me);
    event.target || (event.target = me);
    delete event.result;

    if (events && (listeners = hasKey(events, event.type) && events[event.type])) {
      forEach(listeners.slice(), function(listener) {
        if ((event.result = listener.apply(me, args)) === false) {
          event.cancelled = true;
        }
        return !event.aborted;
      });
    }
    return event.result;
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array of event listeners for a given type that can be manipulated
   * to add or remove listeners.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {String} type The event type.
   * @returns {Array} The listeners array.
   */
  function listeners(type) {
    var me = this,
        events = me.events || (me.events = {});

    return hasKey(events, type) ? events[type] : (events[type] = []);
  }

  /**
   * Unregisters a listener for the specified event type(s),
   * or unregisters all listeners for the specified event type(s),
   * or unregisters all listeners for all event types.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {String} [type] The event type.
   * @param {Function} [listener] The function to unregister.
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   * @example
   *
   * // unregister a listener for an event type
   * bench.off('cycle', listener);
   *
   * // unregister a listener for multiple event types
   * bench.off('start cycle', listener);
   *
   * // unregister all listeners for an event type
   * bench.off('cycle');
   *
   * // unregister all listeners for multiple event types
   * bench.off('start cycle complete');
   *
   * // unregister all listeners for all event types
   * bench.off();
   */
  function off(type, listener) {
    var me = this,
        events = me.events;

    events && each(type ? type.split(' ') : events, function(listeners, type) {
      var index;
      if (typeof listeners == 'string') {
        type = listeners;
        listeners = hasKey(events, type) && events[type];
      }
      if (listeners) {
        if (listener) {
          index = indexOf(listeners, listener);
          if (index > -1) {
            listeners.splice(index, 1);
          }
        } else {
          listeners.length = 0;
        }
      }
    });
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Registers a listener for the specified event type(s).
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark, Benchmark.Suite
   * @param {String} type The event type.
   * @param {Function} listener The function to register.
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   * @example
   *
   * // register a listener for an event type
   * bench.on('cycle', listener);
   *
   * // register a listener for multiple event types
   * bench.on('start cycle', listener);
   */
  function on(type, listener) {
    var me = this,
        events = me.events || (me.events = {});

    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
      (hasKey(events, type)
        ? events[type]
        : (events[type] = [])
      ).push(listener);
    });
    return me;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Aborts the benchmark without recording times.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   */
  function abort() {
    var event,
        me = this,
        resetting = calledBy.reset;

    if (me.running) {
      event = Event('abort');
      me.emit(event);
      if (!event.cancelled || resetting) {
        // avoid infinite recursion
        calledBy.abort = true;
        me.reset();
        delete calledBy.abort;

        if (support.timeout) {
          clearTimeout(me._timerId);
          delete me._timerId;
        }
        if (!resetting) {
          me.aborted = true;
          me.running = false;
        }
      }
    }
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new benchmark using the same test and options.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} options Options object to overwrite cloned options.
   * @returns {Object} The new benchmark instance.
   * @example
   *
   * var bizarro = bench.clone({
   *   'name': 'doppelganger'
   * });
   */
  function clone(options) {
    var me = this,
        result = new me.constructor(extend({}, me, options));

    // correct the `options` object
    result.options = extend({}, me.options, options);

    // copy own custom properties
    forOwn(me, function(value, key) {
      if (!hasKey(result, key)) {
        result[key] = deepClone(value);
      }
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Determines if a benchmark is faster than another.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} other The benchmark to compare.
   * @returns {Number} Returns `-1` if slower, `1` if faster, and `0` if indeterminate.
   */
  function compare(other) {
    var critical,
        zStat,
        me = this,
        sample1 = me.stats.sample,
        sample2 = other.stats.sample,
        size1 = sample1.length,
        size2 = sample2.length,
        maxSize = max(size1, size2),
        minSize = min(size1, size2),
        u1 = getU(sample1, sample2),
        u2 = getU(sample2, sample1),
        u = min(u1, u2);

    function getScore(xA, sampleB) {
      return reduce(sampleB, function(total, xB) {
        return total + (xB > xA ? 0 : xB < xA ? 1 : 0.5);
      }, 0);
    }

    function getU(sampleA, sampleB) {
      return reduce(sampleA, function(total, xA) {
        return total + getScore(xA, sampleB);
      }, 0);
    }

    function getZ(u) {
      return (u - ((size1 * size2) / 2)) / sqrt((size1 * size2 * (size1 + size2 + 1)) / 12);
    }

    // exit early if comparing the same benchmark
    if (me == other) {
      return 0;
    }
    // reject the null hyphothesis the two samples come from the
    // same population (i.e. have the same median) if...
    if (size1 + size2 > 30) {
      // ...the z-stat is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96
      // http://www.statisticslectures.com/topics/mannwhitneyu/
      zStat = getZ(u);
      return abs(zStat) > 1.96 ? (zStat > 0 ? -1 : 1) : 0;
    }
    // ...the U value is less than or equal the critical U value
    // http://www.geoib.com/mann-whitney-u-test.html
    critical = maxSize < 5 || minSize < 3 ? 0 : uTable[maxSize][minSize - 3];
    return u <= critical ? (u == u1 ? 1 : -1) : 0;
  }

  /**
   * Reset properties and abort if running.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   */
  function reset() {
    var data,
        event,
        me = this,
        index = 0,
        changes = { 'length': 0 },
        queue = { 'length': 0 };

    if (me.running && !calledBy.abort) {
      // no worries, `reset()` is called within `abort()`
      calledBy.reset = true;
      me.abort();
      delete calledBy.reset;
    }
    else {
      // a non-recursive solution to check if properties have changed
      // http://www.jslab.dk/articles/non.recursive.preorder.traversal.part4
      data = { 'destination': me, 'source': extend({}, me.constructor.prototype, me.options) };
      do {
        forOwn(data.source, function(value, key) {
          var changed,
              destination = data.destination,
              currValue = destination[key];

          if (value && typeof value == 'object') {
            if (isClassOf(value, 'Array')) {
              // check if an array value has changed to a non-array value
              if (!isClassOf(currValue, 'Array')) {
                changed = currValue = [];
              }
              // or has changed its length
              if (currValue.length != value.length) {
                changed = currValue = currValue.slice(0, value.length);
                currValue.length = value.length;
              }
            }
            // check if an object has changed to a non-object value
            else if (!currValue || typeof currValue != 'object') {
              changed = currValue = {};
            }
            // register a changed object
            if (changed) {
              changes[changes.length++] = { 'destination': destination, 'key': key, 'value': currValue };
            }
            queue[queue.length++] = { 'destination': currValue, 'source': value };
          }
          // register a changed primitive
          else if (value !== currValue && !(value == null || isClassOf(value, 'Function'))) {
            changes[changes.length++] = { 'destination': destination, 'key': key, 'value': value };
          }
        });
      }
      while ((data = queue[index++]));

      // if changed emit the `reset` event and if it isn't cancelled reset the benchmark
      if (changes.length && (me.emit(event = Event('reset')), !event.cancelled)) {
        forEach(changes, function(data) {
          data.destination[data.key] = data.value;
        });
      }
    }
    return me;
  }

  /**
   * Displays relevant benchmark information when coerced to a string.
   *
   * @name toString
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @returns {String} A string representation of the benchmark instance.
   */
  function toStringBench() {
    var me = this,
        error = me.error,
        hz = me.hz,
        id = me.id,
        stats = me.stats,
        size = stats.sample.length,
        pm = support.java ? '+/-' : '\xb1',
        result = me.name || (isNaN(id) ? id : '<Test #' + id + '>');

    if (error) {
      result += ': ' + join(error);
    } else {
      result += ' x ' + formatNumber(hz.toFixed(hz < 100 ? 2 : 0)) + ' ops/sec ' + pm +
        stats.rme.toFixed(2) + '% (' + size + ' run' + (size == 1 ? '' : 's') + ' sampled)';
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Clocks the time taken to execute a test per cycle (secs).
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
   * @returns {Number} The time taken.
   */
  function clock() {
    var applet,
        options = Benchmark.options,
        template = { 'begin': 's$=new n$', 'end': 'r$=(new n$-s$)/1e3', 'uid': uid },
        timers = [{ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': max(0.0015, getRes('ms')), 'unit': 'ms' }];

    // lazy define for hi-res timers
    clock = function(clone) {
      var deferred;
      if (clone instanceof Deferred) {
        deferred = clone;
        clone = deferred.benchmark;
      }

      var bench = clone._original,
          fn = bench.fn,
          fnArg = deferred ? getFirstArgument(fn) || 'deferred' : '',
          stringable = isStringable(fn);

      var source = {
        'setup': getSource(bench.setup, preprocess('m$.setup()')),
        'fn': getSource(fn, preprocess('m$.fn(' + fnArg + ')')),
        'fnArg': fnArg,
        'teardown': getSource(bench.teardown, preprocess('m$.teardown()'))
      };

      var count = bench.count = clone.count,
          decompilable = support.decompilation || stringable,
          id = bench.id,
          isEmpty = !(source.fn || stringable),
          name = bench.name || (typeof id == 'number' ? '<Test #' + id + '>' : id),
          ns = timer.ns,
          result = 0;

      // init `minTime` if needed
      clone.minTime = bench.minTime || (bench.minTime = bench.options.minTime = options.minTime);

      // repair nanosecond timer
      // (some Chrome builds erase the `ns` variable after millions of executions)
      if (applet) {
        try {
          ns.nanoTime();
        } catch(e) {
          // use non-element to avoid issues with libs that augment them
          ns = timer.ns = new applet.Packages.nano;
        }
      }

      // Compile in setup/teardown functions and the test loop.
      // Create a new compiled test, instead of using the cached `bench.compiled`,
      // to avoid potential engine optimizations enabled over the life of the test.
      var compiled = bench.compiled = createFunction(preprocess('t$'), interpolate(
        preprocess(deferred
          ? 'var d$=this,#{fnArg}=d$,m$=d$.benchmark._original,f$=m$.fn,su$=m$.setup,td$=m$.teardown;' +
            // when `deferred.cycles` is `0` then...
            'if(!d$.cycles){' +
            // set `deferred.fn`
            'd$.fn=function(){var #{fnArg}=d$;if(typeof f$=="function"){try{#{fn}\n}catch(e$){f$(d$)}}else{#{fn}\n}};' +
            // set `deferred.teardown`
            'd$.teardown=function(){d$.cycles=0;if(typeof td$=="function"){try{#{teardown}\n}catch(e$){td$()}}else{#{teardown}\n}};' +
            // execute the benchmark's `setup`
            'if(typeof su$=="function"){try{#{setup}\n}catch(e$){su$()}}else{#{setup}\n};' +
            // start timer
            't$.start(d$);' +
            // execute `deferred.fn` and return a dummy object
            '}d$.fn();return{}'

          : 'var r$,s$,m$=this,f$=m$.fn,i$=m$.count,n$=t$.ns;#{setup}\n#{begin};' +
            'while(i$--){#{fn}\n}#{end};#{teardown}\nreturn{elapsed:r$,uid:"#{uid}"}'),
        source
      ));

      try {
        if (isEmpty) {
          // Firefox may remove dead code from Function#toString results
          // http://bugzil.la/536085
          throw new Error('The test "' + name + '" is empty. This may be the result of dead code removal.');
        }
        else if (!deferred) {
          // pretest to determine if compiled code is exits early, usually by a
          // rogue `return` statement, by checking for a return object with the uid
          bench.count = 1;
          compiled = (compiled.call(bench, timer) || {}).uid == uid && compiled;
          bench.count = count;
        }
      } catch(e) {
        compiled = null;
        clone.error = e || new Error(String(e));
        bench.count = count;
      }
      // fallback when a test exits early or errors during pretest
      if (decompilable && !compiled && !deferred && !isEmpty) {
        compiled = createFunction(preprocess('t$'), interpolate(
          preprocess(
            (clone.error && !stringable
              ? 'var r$,s$,m$=this,f$=m$.fn,i$=m$.count'
              : 'function f$(){#{fn}\n}var r$,s$,m$=this,i$=m$.count'
            ) +
            ',n$=t$.ns;#{setup}\n#{begin};m$.f$=f$;while(i$--){m$.f$()}#{end};' +
            'delete m$.f$;#{teardown}\nreturn{elapsed:r$}'
          ),
          source
        ));

        try {
          // pretest one more time to check for errors
          bench.count = 1;
          compiled.call(bench, timer);
          bench.compiled = compiled;
          bench.count = count;
          delete clone.error;
        }
        catch(e) {
          bench.count = count;
          if (clone.error) {
            compiled = null;
          } else {
            bench.compiled = compiled;
            clone.error = e || new Error(String(e));
          }
        }
      }
      // assign `compiled` to `clone` before calling in case a deferred benchmark
      // immediately calls `deferred.resolve()`
      clone.compiled = compiled;
      // if no errors run the full test loop
      if (!clone.error) {
        result = compiled.call(deferred || bench, timer).elapsed;
      }
      return result;
    };

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Gets the current timer's minimum resolution (secs).
     */
    function getRes(unit) {
      var measured,
          begin,
          count = 30,
          divisor = 1e3,
          ns = timer.ns,
          sample = [];

      // get average smallest measurable time
      while (count--) {
        if (unit == 'us') {
          divisor = 1e6;
          if (ns.stop) {
            ns.start();
            while (!(measured = ns.microseconds())) { }
          } else if (ns[perfName]) {
            divisor = 1e3;
            measured = Function('n', 'var r,s=n.' + perfName + '();while(!(r=n.' + perfName + '()-s)){};return r')(ns);
          } else {
            begin = ns();
            while (!(measured = ns() - begin)) { }
          }
        }
        else if (unit == 'ns') {
          divisor = 1e9;
          if (ns.nanoTime) {
            begin = ns.nanoTime();
            while (!(measured = ns.nanoTime() - begin)) { }
          } else {
            begin = (begin = ns())[0] + (begin[1] / divisor);
            while (!(measured = ((measured = ns())[0] + (measured[1] / divisor)) - begin)) { }
            divisor = 1;
          }
        }
        else {
          begin = new ns;
          while (!(measured = new ns - begin)) { }
        }
        // check for broken timers (nanoTime may have issues)
        // http://alivebutsleepy.srnet.cz/unreliable-system-nanotime/
        if (measured > 0) {
          sample.push(measured);
        } else {
          sample.push(Infinity);
          break;
        }
      }
      // convert to seconds
      return getMean(sample) / divisor;
    }

    /**
     * Replaces all occurrences of `$` with a unique number and
     * template tokens with content.
     */
    function preprocess(code) {
      return interpolate(code, template).replace(/\$/g, /\d+/.exec(uid));
    }

    /*------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // detect nanosecond support from a Java applet
    each(doc && doc.applets || [], function(element) {
      return !(timer.ns = applet = 'nanoTime' in element && element);
    });

    // check type in case Safari returns an object instead of a number
    try {
      if (typeof timer.ns.nanoTime() == 'number') {
        timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('ns'), 'unit': 'ns' });
      }
    } catch(e) { }

    // detect Chrome's microsecond timer:
    // enable benchmarking via the --enable-benchmarking command
    // line switch in at least Chrome 7 to use chrome.Interval
    try {
      if ((timer.ns = new (window.chrome || window.chromium).Interval)) {
        timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('us'), 'unit': 'us' });
      }
    } catch(e) { }

    // detect `performance.now` microsecond resolution timer
    if ((timer.ns = perfName && perfObject)) {
      timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('us'), 'unit': 'us' });
    }

    // detect Node's nanosecond resolution timer available in Node >= 0.8
    if (processObject && typeof (timer.ns = processObject.hrtime) == 'function') {
      timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns, 'res': getRes('ns'), 'unit': 'ns' });
    }

    // detect Wade Simmons' Node microtime module
    if (microtimeObject && typeof (timer.ns = microtimeObject.now) == 'function') {
      timers.push({ 'ns': timer.ns,  'res': getRes('us'), 'unit': 'us' });
    }

    // pick timer with highest resolution
    timer = reduce(timers, function(timer, other) {
      return other.res < timer.res ? other : timer;
    });

    // remove unused applet
    if (timer.unit != 'ns' && applet) {
      applet = destroyElement(applet);
    }
    // error if there are no working timers
    if (timer.res == Infinity) {
      throw new Error('Benchmark.js was unable to find a working timer.');
    }
    // use API of chosen timer
    if (timer.unit == 'ns') {
      if (timer.ns.nanoTime) {
        extend(template, {
          'begin': 's$=n$.nanoTime()',
          'end': 'r$=(n$.nanoTime()-s$)/1e9'
        });
      } else {
        extend(template, {
          'begin': 's$=n$()',
          'end': 'r$=n$(s$);r$=r$[0]+(r$[1]/1e9)'
        });
      }
    }
    else if (timer.unit == 'us') {
      if (timer.ns.stop) {
        extend(template, {
          'begin': 's$=n$.start()',
          'end': 'r$=n$.microseconds()/1e6'
        });
      } else if (perfName) {
        extend(template, {
          'begin': 's$=n$.' + perfName + '()',
          'end': 'r$=(n$.' + perfName + '()-s$)/1e3'
        });
      } else {
        extend(template, {
          'begin': 's$=n$()',
          'end': 'r$=(n$()-s$)/1e6'
        });
      }
    }

    // define `timer` methods
    timer.start = createFunction(preprocess('o$'),
      preprocess('var n$=this.ns,#{begin};o$.elapsed=0;o$.timeStamp=s$'));

    timer.stop = createFunction(preprocess('o$'),
      preprocess('var n$=this.ns,s$=o$.timeStamp,#{end};o$.elapsed=r$'));

    // resolve time span required to achieve a percent uncertainty of at most 1%
    // http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys273/uncert/uncert.html
    options.minTime || (options.minTime = max(timer.res / 2 / 0.01, 0.05));
    return clock.apply(null, arguments);
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Computes stats on benchmark results.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} bench The benchmark instance.
   * @param {Object} options The options object.
   */
  function compute(bench, options) {
    options || (options = {});

    var async = options.async,
        elapsed = 0,
        initCount = bench.initCount,
        minSamples = bench.minSamples,
        queue = [],
        sample = bench.stats.sample;

    /**
     * Adds a clone to the queue.
     */
    function enqueue() {
      queue.push(bench.clone({
        '_original': bench,
        'events': {
          'abort': [update],
          'cycle': [update],
          'error': [update],
          'start': [update]
        }
      }));
    }

    /**
     * Updates the clone/original benchmarks to keep their data in sync.
     */
    function update(event) {
      var clone = this,
          type = event.type;

      if (bench.running) {
        if (type == 'start') {
          // Note: `clone.minTime` prop is inited in `clock()`
          clone.count = bench.initCount;
        }
        else {
          if (type == 'error') {
            bench.error = clone.error;
          }
          if (type == 'abort') {
            bench.abort();
            bench.emit('cycle');
          } else {
            event.currentTarget = event.target = bench;
            bench.emit(event);
          }
        }
      } else if (bench.aborted) {
        // clear abort listeners to avoid triggering bench's abort/cycle again
        clone.events.abort.length = 0;
        clone.abort();
      }
    }

    /**
     * Determines if more clones should be queued or if cycling should stop.
     */
    function evaluate(event) {
      var critical,
          df,
          mean,
          moe,
          rme,
          sd,
          sem,
          variance,
          clone = event.target,
          done = bench.aborted,
          now = +new Date,
          size = sample.push(clone.times.period),
          maxedOut = size >= minSamples && (elapsed += now - clone.times.timeStamp) / 1e3 > bench.maxTime,
          times = bench.times,
          varOf = function(sum, x) { return sum + pow(x - mean, 2); };

      // exit early for aborted or unclockable tests
      if (done || clone.hz == Infinity) {
        maxedOut = !(size = sample.length = queue.length = 0);
      }

      if (!done) {
        // sample mean (estimate of the population mean)
        mean = getMean(sample);
        // sample variance (estimate of the population variance)
        variance = reduce(sample, varOf, 0) / (size - 1) || 0;
        // sample standard deviation (estimate of the population standard deviation)
        sd = sqrt(variance);
        // standard error of the mean (a.k.a. the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean)
        sem = sd / sqrt(size);
        // degrees of freedom
        df = size - 1;
        // critical value
        critical = tTable[Math.round(df) || 1] || tTable.infinity;
        // margin of error
        moe = sem * critical;
        // relative margin of error
        rme = (moe / mean) * 100 || 0;

        extend(bench.stats, {
          'deviation': sd,
          'mean': mean,
          'moe': moe,
          'rme': rme,
          'sem': sem,
          'variance': variance
        });

        // Abort the cycle loop when the minimum sample size has been collected
        // and the elapsed time exceeds the maximum time allowed per benchmark.
        // We don't count cycle delays toward the max time because delays may be
        // increased by browsers that clamp timeouts for inactive tabs.
        // https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.setTimeout#Inactive_tabs
        if (maxedOut) {
          // reset the `initCount` in case the benchmark is rerun
          bench.initCount = initCount;
          bench.running = false;
          done = true;
          times.elapsed = (now - times.timeStamp) / 1e3;
        }
        if (bench.hz != Infinity) {
          bench.hz = 1 / mean;
          times.cycle = mean * bench.count;
          times.period = mean;
        }
      }
      // if time permits, increase sample size to reduce the margin of error
      if (queue.length < 2 && !maxedOut) {
        enqueue();
      }
      // abort the invoke cycle when done
      event.aborted = done;
    }

    // init queue and begin
    enqueue();
    invoke(queue, {
      'name': 'run',
      'args': { 'async': async },
      'queued': true,
      'onCycle': evaluate,
      'onComplete': function() { bench.emit('complete'); }
    });
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Cycles a benchmark until a run `count` can be established.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} clone The cloned benchmark instance.
   * @param {Object} options The options object.
   */
  function cycle(clone, options) {
    options || (options = {});

    var deferred;
    if (clone instanceof Deferred) {
      deferred = clone;
      clone = clone.benchmark;
    }

    var clocked,
        cycles,
        divisor,
        event,
        minTime,
        period,
        async = options.async,
        bench = clone._original,
        count = clone.count,
        times = clone.times;

    // continue, if not aborted between cycles
    if (clone.running) {
      // `minTime` is set to `Benchmark.options.minTime` in `clock()`
      cycles = ++clone.cycles;
      clocked = deferred ? deferred.elapsed : clock(clone);
      minTime = clone.minTime;

      if (cycles > bench.cycles) {
        bench.cycles = cycles;
      }
      if (clone.error) {
        event = Event('error');
        event.message = clone.error;
        clone.emit(event);
        if (!event.cancelled) {
          clone.abort();
        }
      }
    }

    // continue, if not errored
    if (clone.running) {
      // time taken to complete last test cycle
      bench.times.cycle = times.cycle = clocked;
      // seconds per operation
      period = bench.times.period = times.period = clocked / count;
      // ops per second
      bench.hz = clone.hz = 1 / period;
      // avoid working our way up to this next time
      bench.initCount = clone.initCount = count;
      // do we need to do another cycle?
      clone.running = clocked < minTime;

      if (clone.running) {
        // tests may clock at `0` when `initCount` is a small number,
        // to avoid that we set its count to something a bit higher
        if (!clocked && (divisor = divisors[clone.cycles]) != null) {
          count = floor(4e6 / divisor);
        }
        // calculate how many more iterations it will take to achive the `minTime`
        if (count <= clone.count) {
          count += Math.ceil((minTime - clocked) / period);
        }
        clone.running = count != Infinity;
      }
    }
    // should we exit early?
    event = Event('cycle');
    clone.emit(event);
    if (event.aborted) {
      clone.abort();
    }
    // figure out what to do next
    if (clone.running) {
      // start a new cycle
      clone.count = count;
      if (deferred) {
        clone.compiled.call(deferred, timer);
      } else if (async) {
        delay(clone, function() { cycle(clone, options); });
      } else {
        cycle(clone);
      }
    }
    else {
      // fix TraceMonkey bug associated with clock fallbacks
      // http://bugzil.la/509069
      if (support.browser) {
        runScript(uid + '=1;delete ' + uid);
      }
      // done
      clone.emit('complete');
    }
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Runs the benchmark.
   *
   * @memberOf Benchmark
   * @param {Object} [options={}] Options object.
   * @returns {Object} The benchmark instance.
   * @example
   *
   * // basic usage
   * bench.run();
   *
   * // or with options
   * bench.run({ 'async': true });
   */
  function run(options) {
    var me = this,
        event = Event('start');

    // set `running` to `false` so `reset()` won't call `abort()`
    me.running = false;
    me.reset();
    me.running = true;

    me.count = me.initCount;
    me.times.timeStamp = +new Date;
    me.emit(event);

    if (!event.cancelled) {
      options = { 'async': ((options = options && options.async) == null ? me.async : options) && support.timeout };

      // for clones created within `compute()`
      if (me._original) {
        if (me.defer) {
          Deferred(me);
        } else {
          cycle(me, options);
        }
      }
      // for original benchmarks
      else {
        compute(me, options);
      }
    }
    return me;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // Firefox 1 erroneously defines variable and argument names of functions on
  // the function itself as non-configurable properties with `undefined` values.
  // The bugginess continues as the `Benchmark` constructor has an argument
  // named `options` and Firefox 1 will not assign a value to `Benchmark.options`,
  // making it non-writable in the process, unless it is the first property
  // assigned by for-in loop of `extend()`.
  extend(Benchmark, {

    /**
     * The default options copied by benchmark instances.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Object
     */
    'options': {

      /**
       * A flag to indicate that benchmark cycles will execute asynchronously
       * by default.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Boolean
       */
      'async': false,

      /**
       * A flag to indicate that the benchmark clock is deferred.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Boolean
       */
      'defer': false,

      /**
       * The delay between test cycles (secs).
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Number
       */
      'delay': 0.005,

      /**
       * Displayed by Benchmark#toString when a `name` is not available
       * (auto-generated if absent).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type String
       */
      'id': undefined,

      /**
       * The default number of times to execute a test on a benchmark's first cycle.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Number
       */
      'initCount': 1,

      /**
       * The maximum time a benchmark is allowed to run before finishing (secs).
       *
       * Note: Cycle delays aren't counted toward the maximum time.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Number
       */
      'maxTime': 5,

      /**
       * The minimum sample size required to perform statistical analysis.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Number
       */
      'minSamples': 5,

      /**
       * The time needed to reduce the percent uncertainty of measurement to 1% (secs).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Number
       */
      'minTime': 0,

      /**
       * The name of the benchmark.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type String
       */
      'name': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called when the benchmark is aborted.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onAbort': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called when the benchmark completes running.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onComplete': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called after each run cycle.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onCycle': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called when a test errors.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onError': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called when the benchmark is reset.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onReset': undefined,

      /**
       * An event listener called when the benchmark starts running.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.options
       * @type Function
       */
      'onStart': undefined
    },

    /**
     * Platform object with properties describing things like browser name,
     * version, and operating system.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Object
     */
    'platform': req('platform') || window.platform || {

      /**
       * The platform description.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String
       */
      'description': window.navigator && navigator.userAgent || null,

      /**
       * The name of the browser layout engine.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'layout': null,

      /**
       * The name of the product hosting the browser.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'product': null,

      /**
       * The name of the browser/environment.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'name': null,

      /**
       * The name of the product's manufacturer.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'manufacturer': null,

      /**
       * The name of the operating system.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'os': null,

      /**
       * The alpha/beta release indicator.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'prerelease': null,

      /**
       * The browser/environment version.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type String|Null
       */
      'version': null,

      /**
       * Return platform description when the platform object is coerced to a string.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark.platform
       * @type Function
       * @returns {String} The platform description.
       */
      'toString': function() {
        return this.description || '';
      }
    },

    /**
     * The semantic version number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type String
     */
    'version': '1.0.0',

    // an object of environment/feature detection flags
    'support': support,

    // clone objects
    'deepClone': deepClone,

    // iteration utility
    'each': each,

    // augment objects
    'extend': extend,

    // generic Array#filter
    'filter': filter,

    // generic Array#forEach
    'forEach': forEach,

    // generic own property iteration utility
    'forOwn': forOwn,

    // converts a number to a comma-separated string
    'formatNumber': formatNumber,

    // generic Object#hasOwnProperty
    // (trigger hasKey's lazy define before assigning it to Benchmark)
    'hasKey': (hasKey(Benchmark, ''), hasKey),

    // generic Array#indexOf
    'indexOf': indexOf,

    // template utility
    'interpolate': interpolate,

    // invokes a method on each item in an array
    'invoke': invoke,

    // generic Array#join for arrays and objects
    'join': join,

    // generic Array#map
    'map': map,

    // retrieves a property value from each item in an array
    'pluck': pluck,

    // generic Array#reduce
    'reduce': reduce
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  extend(Benchmark.prototype, {

    /**
     * The number of times a test was executed.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Number
     */
    'count': 0,

    /**
     * The number of cycles performed while benchmarking.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Number
     */
    'cycles': 0,

    /**
     * The number of executions per second.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Number
     */
    'hz': 0,

    /**
     * The compiled test function.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Function|String
     */
    'compiled': undefined,

    /**
     * The error object if the test failed.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Object
     */
    'error': undefined,

    /**
     * The test to benchmark.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Function|String
     */
    'fn': undefined,

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the benchmark is aborted.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'aborted': false,

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the benchmark is running.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'running': false,

    /**
     * Compiled into the test and executed immediately **before** the test loop.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Function|String
     * @example
     *
     * // basic usage
     * var bench = Benchmark({
     *   'setup': function() {
     *     var c = this.count,
     *         element = document.getElementById('container');
     *     while (c--) {
     *       element.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
     *     }
     *   },
     *   'fn': function() {
     *     element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * // compiles to something like:
     * var c = this.count,
     *     element = document.getElementById('container');
     * while (c--) {
     *   element.appendChild(document.createElement('div'));
     * }
     * var start = new Date;
     * while (count--) {
     *   element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
     * }
     * var end = new Date - start;
     *
     * // or using strings
     * var bench = Benchmark({
     *   'setup': '\
     *     var a = 0;\n\
     *     (function() {\n\
     *       (function() {\n\
     *         (function() {',
     *   'fn': 'a += 1;',
     *   'teardown': '\
     *          }())\n\
     *        }())\n\
     *      }())'
     * });
     *
     * // compiles to something like:
     * var a = 0;
     * (function() {
     *   (function() {
     *     (function() {
     *       var start = new Date;
     *       while (count--) {
     *         a += 1;
     *       }
     *       var end = new Date - start;
     *     }())
     *   }())
     * }())
     */
    'setup': noop,

    /**
     * Compiled into the test and executed immediately **after** the test loop.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Function|String
     */
    'teardown': noop,

    /**
     * An object of stats including mean, margin or error, and standard deviation.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Object
     */
    'stats': {

      /**
       * The margin of error.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'moe': 0,

      /**
       * The relative margin of error (expressed as a percentage of the mean).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'rme': 0,

      /**
       * The standard error of the mean.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'sem': 0,

      /**
       * The sample standard deviation.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'deviation': 0,

      /**
       * The sample arithmetic mean.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'mean': 0,

      /**
       * The array of sampled periods.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Array
       */
      'sample': [],

      /**
       * The sample variance.
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#stats
       * @type Number
       */
      'variance': 0
    },

    /**
     * An object of timing data including cycle, elapsed, period, start, and stop.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark
     * @type Object
     */
    'times': {

      /**
       * The time taken to complete the last cycle (secs).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#times
       * @type Number
       */
      'cycle': 0,

      /**
       * The time taken to complete the benchmark (secs).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#times
       * @type Number
       */
      'elapsed': 0,

      /**
       * The time taken to execute the test once (secs).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#times
       * @type Number
       */
      'period': 0,

      /**
       * A timestamp of when the benchmark started (ms).
       *
       * @memberOf Benchmark#times
       * @type Number
       */
      'timeStamp': 0
    },

    // aborts benchmark (does not record times)
    'abort': abort,

    // creates a new benchmark using the same test and options
    'clone': clone,

    // compares benchmark's hertz with another
    'compare': compare,

    // executes listeners
    'emit': emit,

    // get listeners
    'listeners': listeners,

    // unregister listeners
    'off': off,

    // register listeners
    'on': on,

    // reset benchmark properties
    'reset': reset,

    // runs the benchmark
    'run': run,

    // pretty print benchmark info
    'toString': toStringBench
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  extend(Deferred.prototype, {

    /**
     * The deferred benchmark instance.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
     * @type Object
     */
    'benchmark': null,

    /**
     * The number of deferred cycles performed while benchmarking.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
     * @type Number
     */
    'cycles': 0,

    /**
     * The time taken to complete the deferred benchmark (secs).
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
     * @type Number
     */
    'elapsed': 0,

    /**
     * A timestamp of when the deferred benchmark started (ms).
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Deferred
     * @type Number
     */
    'timeStamp': 0,

    // cycles/completes the deferred benchmark
    'resolve': resolve
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  extend(Event.prototype, {

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the emitters listener iteration is aborted.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'aborted': false,

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the default action is cancelled.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'cancelled': false,

    /**
     * The object whose listeners are currently being processed.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Object
     */
    'currentTarget': undefined,

    /**
     * The return value of the last executed listener.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Mixed
     */
    'result': undefined,

    /**
     * The object to which the event was originally emitted.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Object
     */
    'target': undefined,

    /**
     * A timestamp of when the event was created (ms).
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type Number
     */
    'timeStamp': 0,

    /**
     * The event type.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Event
     * @type String
     */
    'type': ''
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The default options copied by suite instances.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
   * @type Object
   */
  Suite.options = {

    /**
     * The name of the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite.options
     * @type String
     */
    'name': undefined
  };

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  extend(Suite.prototype, {

    /**
     * The number of benchmarks in the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @type Number
     */
    'length': 0,

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the suite is aborted.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'aborted': false,

    /**
     * A flag to indicate if the suite is running.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @type Boolean
     */
    'running': false,

    /**
     * An `Array#forEach` like method.
     * Callbacks may terminate the loop by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @returns {Object} The suite iterated over.
     */
    'forEach': methodize(forEach),

    /**
     * An `Array#indexOf` like method.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {Mixed} value The value to search for.
     * @returns {Number} The index of the matched value or `-1`.
     */
    'indexOf': methodize(indexOf),

    /**
     * Invokes a method on all benchmarks in the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {String|Object} name The name of the method to invoke OR options object.
     * @param {Mixed} [arg1, arg2, ...] Arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned from each method invoked.
     */
    'invoke': methodize(invoke),

    /**
     * Converts the suite of benchmarks to a string.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {String} [separator=','] A string to separate each element of the array.
     * @returns {String} The string.
     */
    'join': [].join,

    /**
     * An `Array#map` like method.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} A new array of values returned by the callback.
     */
    'map': methodize(map),

    /**
     * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all benchmarks in the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {String} property The property to pluck.
     * @returns {Array} A new array of property values.
     */
    'pluck': methodize(pluck),

    /**
     * Removes the last benchmark from the suite and returns it.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @returns {Mixed} The removed benchmark.
     */
    'pop': [].pop,

    /**
     * Appends benchmarks to the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @returns {Number} The suite's new length.
     */
    'push': [].push,

    /**
     * Sorts the benchmarks of the suite.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {Function} [compareFn=null] A function that defines the sort order.
     * @returns {Object} The sorted suite.
     */
    'sort': [].sort,

    /**
     * An `Array#reduce` like method.
     *
     * @memberOf Benchmark.Suite
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @param {Mixed} accumulator Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @returns {Mixed} The accumulator.
     */
    'reduce': methodize(reduce),

    // aborts all benchmarks in the suite
    'abort': abortSuite,

    // adds a benchmark to the suite
    'add': add,

    // creates a new suite with cloned benchmarks
    'clone': cloneSuite,

    // executes listeners of a specified type
    'emit': emit,

    // creates a new suite of filtered benchmarks
    'filter': filterSuite,

    // get listeners
    'listeners': listeners,

    // unregister listeners
    'off': off,

   // register listeners
    'on': on,

    // resets all benchmarks in the suite
    'reset': resetSuite,

    // runs all benchmarks in the suite
    'run': runSuite,

    // array methods
    'concat': concat,

    'reverse': reverse,

    'shift': shift,

    'slice': slice,

    'splice': splice,

    'unshift': unshift
  });

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // expose Deferred, Event and Suite
  extend(Benchmark, {
    'Deferred': Deferred,
    'Event': Event,
    'Suite': Suite
  });

  // expose Benchmark
  // some AMD build optimizers, like r.js, check for specific condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be aliased
    define(function() {
      return Benchmark;
    });
  }
  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
  else if (freeExports) {
    // in Node.js or RingoJS v0.8.0+
    if (typeof module == 'object' && module && module.exports == freeExports) {
      (module.exports = Benchmark).Benchmark = Benchmark;
    }
    // in Narwhal or RingoJS v0.7.0-
    else {
      freeExports.Benchmark = Benchmark;
    }
  }
  // in a browser or Rhino
  else {
    // use square bracket notation so Closure Compiler won't munge `Benchmark`
    // http://code.google.com/closure/compiler/docs/api-tutorial3.html#export
    window['Benchmark'] = Benchmark;
  }

  // trigger clock's lazy define early to avoid a security error
  if (support.air) {
    clock({ '_original': { 'fn': noop, 'count': 1, 'options': {} } });
  }
}(this));