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authorMarcello Stanisci <marcello.stanisci@inria.fr>2016-02-25 20:40:32 +0100
committerMarcello Stanisci <marcello.stanisci@inria.fr>2016-02-25 20:40:32 +0100
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd">
-<html>
-<!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman.
+<html><!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman.
Free Software Foundation
@@ -20,8 +19,7 @@ ISBN 978-0-9831592-0-9
Cover design by Rob Myers.
Cover photograph by Peter Hinely.
- -->
-<!-- Created on February 18, 2016 by texi2html 1.82
+ --><!-- Created on February 18, 2016 by texi2html 1.82
texi2html was written by:
Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author)
Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
@@ -29,17 +27,7 @@ texi2html was written by:
and many others.
Maintained by: Many creative people.
Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org>
--->
-<head>
-<title>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 41. Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</title>
-
-<meta name="description" content="This is the second edition of Richard Stallman's collection of essays.">
-<meta name="keywords" content="Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 41. Avoiding Ruinous Compromises">
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+--><head><title>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 41. Avoiding Ruinous Compromises</title><meta name="description" content="This is the second edition of Richard Stallman's collection of essays."><meta name="keywords" content="Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 41. Avoiding Ruinous Compromises"><meta name="resource-type" content="document"><meta name="distribution" content="global"><meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.82"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style type="text/css">
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a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
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span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;}
ul.toc {list-style: none}
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<a name="Compromise"></a>
-<header><div id="logo"><img src="../gnu.svg" height="100" width="100"></div><h1>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.</h1></header><section id="main"><a name="Avoiding-Ruinous-Compromises"></a>
+<header><div id="logo"><a href="/"><img src="../gnu.svg" height="100" width="100"></a></div><h1>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.</h1></header><section id="main"><a name="Avoiding-Ruinous-Compromises"></a>
<h1 class="chapter"> 41. Avoiding Ruinous Compromises </h1>
<a name="index-GNU-_0028see-also-both-software-and-GNU_0029-9"></a>
@@ -86,7 +68,7 @@ have different goals.
</p>
<a name="index-GPL_002c-patent_002dprovisions-compromise"></a>
<a name="index-compromises_002c-GPL-patent-provisions"></a>
-<p>Thus, the Free Software Foundation makes compromises&mdash;even major ones. For instance, we made
+<p>Thus, the Free Software Foundation makes compromises—even major ones. For instance, we made
compromises in the patent provisions of version 3 of the GNU General
Public License (GNU GPL) so that major companies would contribute
to and distribute GPLv3-covered software and thus bring some patents
@@ -95,7 +77,7 @@ under the effect of these provisions.
<a name="index-LGPL_002c-as-compromise"></a>
<a name="index-compromises_002c-LGPL-and"></a>
<a name="index-libraries-_0028comp_002e_0029_002c-LGPL-and-3"></a>
-<p>The Lesser GPL&rsquo;s purpose is a compromise: we use it on certain chosen
+<p>The Lesser GPL’s purpose is a compromise: we use it on certain chosen
free libraries to permit their use in nonfree programs because we
think that legally prohibiting this would only drive developers to
proprietary libraries instead. We accept and install code in
@@ -104,7 +86,7 @@ GNU
programs to make them work together with common nonfree programs, and
we document and publicize this in ways that encourage users of the
latter to install the former, but not vice versa. We support specific
-campaigns we agree with, even when we don&rsquo;t fully agree with the
+campaigns we agree with, even when we don’t fully agree with the
groups behind them.
</p>
<p>But we reject certain compromises even though many others in our
@@ -121,12 +103,12 @@ level of actions.
<p>At the level of ideas, ruinous compromises are those that reinforce
the premises we seek to change. Our goal is a world in which software
users are free, but as yet most computer users do not even recognize
-freedom as an issue. They have taken up &ldquo;consumer&rdquo; values, which
+freedom as an issue. They have taken up “consumer” values, which
means they judge any program only on practical characteristics such as
price and convenience.
</p>
<a name="index-Carnegie_002c-Dale"></a>
-<p>Dale Carnegie&rsquo;s classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and
+<p>Dale Carnegie’s classic self-help book, <cite>How to Win Friends and
Influence People,</cite> advises that the most effective way to
persuade someone to do something is to present arguments that appeal
to his values. There are ways we can appeal to the consumer values
@@ -140,8 +122,8 @@ are now quite successful.
<p>If getting more people to use some free programs is as far as you
aim to go, you might decide to keep quiet about the concept of
freedom, and focus only on the practical advantages that make sense
-in terms of consumer values. That&rsquo;s what the term &ldquo;open
-source&rdquo; and its associated rhetoric do.
+in terms of consumer values. That’s what the term “open
+source” and its associated rhetoric do.
</p>
<p>That approach can get us only part way to the goal of freedom. People
who use free software only because it is convenient will stick with it
@@ -149,14 +131,14 @@ only as long as it is convenient. And they will see no reason not to
use convenient proprietary programs along with it.
</p>
<p>The philosophy of open source presupposes and appeals to consumer
-values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That&rsquo;s why we
+values, and this affirms and reinforces them. That’s why we
do not support open source.
</p>
<a name="index-citizen-values_002c-convenience-v_002e-6"></a>
<p>To establish a free community fully and lastingly, we need to do
more than get people to use some free software. We need to spread the
-idea of judging software (and other things) on &ldquo;citizen
-values,&rdquo; based on whether it respects users&rsquo; freedom and
+idea of judging software (and other things) on “citizen
+values,” based on whether it respects users’ freedom and
community, not just in terms of convenience. Then people will not
fall into the trap of a proprietary program baited by an attractive,
convenient feature.
@@ -167,21 +149,21 @@ compromise that would influence their actions by endorsing their
consumer values.
<a name="index-citizen-values_002c-consumer-values-v_002e-1"></a>
</p>
-<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all&mdash;we can
+<p>This is not to say we cannot cite practical advantage at all—we can
and we do. It becomes a problem only when the practical advantage steals
the scene and pushes freedom into the background. Therefore,
when we cite the practical advantages of free software, we reiterate
frequently that those are just <em>additional, secondary</em> reasons
to prefer it.
</p>
-<p>It&rsquo;s not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
+<p>It’s not enough to make our words accord with our ideals; our
actions have to accord with them too. So we must also avoid
compromises that involve doing or legitimizing the things we aim to
stamp out.
</p>
<p>For instance, experience shows that you can attract some users to
GNU/Linux if you include some nonfree programs. This could mean a
-cute nonfree application that will catch some user&rsquo;s eye, or a nonfree
+cute nonfree application that will catch some user’s eye, or a nonfree
programming platform such as
<a name="index-Java-5"></a>
Java (formerly) or the Flash runtime
@@ -190,8 +172,8 @@ hardware models.
</p>
<p>These compromises are tempting, but they undermine the goal. If you
distribute nonfree software, or steer people towards it, you will find
-it hard to say, &ldquo;Nonfree software is an injustice, a social problem,
-and we must put an end to it.&rdquo; And even if you do continue to say
+it hard to say, “Nonfree software is an injustice, a social problem,
+and we must put an end to it.” And even if you do continue to say
those words, your actions will undermine them.
</p>
<p>The issue here is not whether people should be <em>able</em> or
@@ -220,7 +202,7 @@ wish to keep our values straight.
<a name="index-FSF_002c-resources"></a>
<a name="index-citizen-values_002c-publicly-upholding"></a>
<p>If you want to move to free software without compromising the goal of
-freedom, look at the FSF&rsquo;s resources area. It lists hardware and
+freedom, look at the FSF’s resources area. It lists hardware and
machine configurations that work with free software, totally free
GNU/Linux distros to install, and thousands of free software packages
that work in a 100 percent free software environment. If you want to
@@ -233,6 +215,4 @@ and argue from them.
wrong place. Compromise is essential to achieve an ambitious goal,
but beware of compromises that lead away from the goal.
<a name="index-compromises_002c-avoiding-ruinous-1"></a>
-</p><hr size="2">
-</body>
-</html>
+</p><hr size="2"></section></body></html>