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authorMS <ms@taler.net>2023-11-02 09:02:51 +0100
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-.. target audience: core developer
-
-ISO 20022
-#########
-
-ISO 20022 is the standard that defines many XML messages for FinTech. It is
-very general, and often countries/orgs define subsets (TVS, technical
-validation subset) of the schema.
-
-Documentation for message fields can be viewed at `<https://www.iso20022.org/standardsrepository>`__.
-
-The primary syntax for ISO 20022 messages is XML. To avoid LibEuFin clients
-having to deal with XML, we define a mapping from ISO 20022 messages into JSON.
-
-The specifics of this mapping are:
-
- * The JSON should be "idiomatic" and easy to process.
- * When possible, the highly nested structures of ISO 20022 should be flattened.
- * It must be possible round-trip between the LibEuFin JSON and ISO 20022
- XML messages. The mapping of message types is not 1-to-1, as some ISO 20022 messages are
- very similar and can be mapped to the same JSON structure.
- * JSON-mapped messages are not explicitly versioned. Instead, changes
- are made in a backwards-compatible way, possibly preserving old versions
- of message elements in the same schema.
-
-
-How does LibEuFin leverage ISO 20022?
-=====================================
-
-While LibEuFin can communicate ISO 20022 messages (camt.05x, pain.001) to
-other parties, it does **not** model its own authored API and internal data
-after the ISO 20022 standard.
-
-Objections to ISO20022:
-
-1. Impedance mismatch. ISO 20022 messages do not map well to query/response
- APIs.
-2. Cumbersome to use. Even when ISO 20022 messages are directly mapped
- to JSON, they are difficult to use due to their verbosity.
-3. Underspecification. Messages like camt.05x leave many "degrees of freedom"
- when translating the underlying data into a message.
-4. No interoperability. As a result of underspecification, different countries/organizations
- define their own subset and interpretation rules for ISO 20022 messages. This can
- lead to even contradictory usage rules. An example for this is how the Swiss and EPC
- interpretations handle transaction amounts in the presence of multiple currencies.
-5. Redundancy. ISO 20022 are redundant, and often mix aspects of the "presentation logic"
- with the underlying data model. An example of this is the optional "summary" information
- in camt.05x messages.
-
-Instead of using ISO 20022 messages directly, LibEuFin leverages the standard in other ways:
-
-* As the data exchange format with banks
-* As a guideline for naming in data formats
-* As a guideline for which concepts need to be understood by LibEuFin
-
-
-Implementation notes for camt.05x
-=================================
-
-Types of amounts in camt messages
----------------------------------
-
-* Entry amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Mandatory, with debit/credit indicator. Indicates money
- moving in/out of the account in the account's currency.
- * LibEuFin: Same.
-
-* Entry transaction amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Optional, direction-less. Amount of money
- moving between the debtor and creditor bank, may not be
- in the account's currency (but the "native" currency between
- the two banks).
- * LibEuFin: Same.
-
-* Entry instructed amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Optional, direction-less. Amount of money specified in the
- payment initiation message. Usually only specified when the amount is in a
- different currency than the account currency.
- * LibEuFin: Same.
-
-* Entry counter value amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Optional, direction-less. Amount in the account's
- currency before charges.
- * LibEuFin: Same.
-
-* Entry announced posting amount
-
- * (not used by LibEuFin)
-
-* EntryDetails amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Optional, with debit-credit indicator. Same as "Entry amount"
- but for EntryDetails (= logical transactions).
- * LibEuFin: Always present. In Swiss camt messages, the element is always
- present. In German/Swedish/... camt, we take the "Entry amount" for
- non-batch entries, whereas in batch entries we use the "EntryDetails
- transaction amount" with the same debit credit indicator as the whole
- entry, which by local rules is always in the bank account currency.
-
-* EntryDetails (transaction / instructed / counter value) amount
-
- * ISO 20022: Optional, direction-less. Same as "Entry ... amount"
- but for EntryDetails (= logical transactions).
- * Same.
-
-* EntryDetails announced posting amount
-
- * (not used by LibEuFin)