2024-sargasso.tex (13292B)
1 \pdfminorversion=3 2 \documentclass[fleqn,xcolor={usenames,dvipsnames}]{beamer} 3 \usepackage{amsmath} 4 \usepackage{multimedia} 5 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} 6 \usepackage{framed,color,ragged2e} 7 \usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos} 8 \definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.8,0.8,0.8} 9 \usetheme{boxes} 10 \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} 11 \usepackage{xcolor} 12 \usepackage{tikz,eurosym} 13 \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} 14 \usepackage{listings} 15 \usepackage{adjustbox} 16 \usepackage{pgf} 17 \usepackage{pgfpages} % needed by Beamer 18 \usepackage{helvet} 19 \usepackage{calc} 20 \usepackage{chronology} 21 \usepackage{pgfcalendar} 22 \usepackage{pgfgantt} 23 24 25 % CSS 26 \lstdefinelanguage{CSS}{ 27 basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize, 28 keywords={color,background-image:,margin,padding,font,weight,display,position,top,left,right,bottom,list,style,border,size,white,space,min,width, transition:, transform:, transition-property, transition-duration, transition-timing-function}, 29 sensitive=true, 30 morecomment=[l]{//}, 31 morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/}, 32 morestring=[b]', 33 morestring=[b]", 34 alsoletter={:}, 35 alsodigit={-} 36 } 37 38 % JavaScript 39 \lstdefinelanguage{JavaScript}{ 40 basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize, 41 morekeywords={typeof, new, true, false, catch, function, return, null, catch, switch, var, if, in, while, do, else, case, break}, 42 morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/}, 43 morecomment=[l]//, 44 morestring=[b]", 45 morestring=[b]' 46 } 47 48 \lstdefinelanguage{HTML5}{ 49 basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize, 50 language=html, 51 sensitive=true, 52 alsoletter={<>=-}, 53 morecomment=[s]{<!-}{-->}, 54 tag=[s], 55 otherkeywords={ 56 % General 57 >, 58 % Standard tags 59 <!DOCTYPE, 60 </html, <html, <head, <title, </title, <style, </style, <link, </head, <meta, />, 61 % body 62 </body, <body, 63 % Divs 64 </div, <div, </div>, 65 % Paragraphs 66 </p, <p, </p>, 67 % scripts 68 </script, <script, 69 % More tags... 70 <canvas, /canvas>, <svg, <rect, <animateTransform, </rect>, </svg>, <video, <source, <iframe, </iframe>, </video>, <image, </image> 71 }, 72 ndkeywords={ 73 % General 74 =, 75 % HTML attributes 76 charset=, src=, id=, width=, height=, style=, type=, rel=, href=, 77 % SVG attributes 78 fill=, attributeName=, begin=, dur=, from=, to=, poster=, controls=, x=, y=, repeatCount=, xlink:href=, 79 % CSS properties 80 margin:, padding:, background-image:, border:, top:, left:, position:, width:, height:, 81 % CSS3 properties 82 transform:, -moz-transform:, -webkit-transform:, 83 animation:, -webkit-animation:, 84 transition:, transition-duration:, transition-property:, transition-timing-function:, 85 } 86 } 87 88 \lstdefinelanguage{JavaScript}{ 89 basicstyle=\ttfamily\scriptsize, 90 keywords={typeof, new, true, false, catch, function, return, null, catch, switch, var, if, in, while, do, else, case, break, for}, 91 keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries, 92 ndkeywords={class, export, boolean, throw, implements, import, this}, 93 ndkeywordstyle=\color{darkgray}\bfseries, 94 identifierstyle=\color{black}, 95 sensitive=false, 96 comment=[l]{//}, 97 morecomment=[s]{/*}{*/}, 98 commentstyle=\color{purple}\ttfamily, 99 stringstyle=\color{red}\ttfamily, 100 morestring=[b]', 101 morestring=[b]" 102 } 103 104 \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows} 105 \usetikzlibrary{positioning} 106 \usetikzlibrary{calc} 107 108 \title{Oral Information Management for GNU Taler} 109 %\subtitle{} 110 111 \setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{\includegraphics[width=0.4cm]{ashoka.png} \includegraphics[width=1.75cm]{move-logo.pdf} \includegraphics[width=0.4cm]{gnu.png} \includegraphics[width=1cm]{taler-logo-2021-inkscape.pdf} \hfill} 112 %\setbeamercovered{transparent=1} 113 114 \author[MOVE, TSYS]{B. Matthews, D. Myhre, C. Grothoff, F. Dold, M. Stibane} 115 \date{\today} 116 \institute{The GNU Project} 117 118 119 \begin{document} 120 121 \justifying 122 123 \begin{frame} 124 \begin{center} 125 Oral Information Management for GNU Taler 126 \end{center} 127 128 \begin{minipage}{4cm} 129 \begin{center} 130 \includegraphics[height=0.75cm]{move-logo.pdf} 131 132 Brett Matthews 133 134 David Myhre 135 \end{center} 136 \end{minipage} 137 \hfill {\large \&} \hfill 138 \begin{minipage}{4cm} 139 \begin{center} 140 \mbox{\includegraphics[height=0.4cm]{taler-logo-2021-inkscape.pdf}{\large \ Systems}} 141 142 Florian Dold 143 144 Marc Stibane 145 \end{center} 146 \end{minipage} 147 148 \begin{center} 149 \includegraphics[width=4cm]{ngi-sargasso.png} 150 \end{center} 151 152 \end{frame} 153 154 155 \section{What is GNU Taler?} 156 \begin{frame}{What is GNU Taler?} 157 \begin{center} 158 Taler is an electronic instant payment system. 159 \end{center} 160 \begin{itemize} 161 \item Uses electronic coins stored in {\bf wallets} on customer's device 162 \item Implements {\bf digital cash} 163 \item Pay in {\bf existing currencies} (i.e. EUR, USD, BTC), \\ 164 or use it to create new {\bf regional currencies} 165 \end{itemize} 166 \vfill 167 \pause 168 \noindent 169 However, Taler is 170 \begin{itemize} 171 \item \emph{not} a currency 172 \item \emph{not} a long-term store of value 173 \item \emph{not} a network or instance of a system 174 \item \emph{not} decentralized 175 \item \emph{not} based on proof-of-work or proof-of-stake 176 \item \emph{not} a speculative asset / ``get-rich-quick scheme'' 177 \end{itemize} 178 \end{frame} 179 180 181 \begin{frame}{GNU Taler} 182 \framesubtitle{Design Principles} 183 GNU Taler must ... 184 \begin{enumerate} 185 \item {... be implemented as {\bf free software}.} 186 \item {... protect the {\bf privacy of buyers}.} 187 \item {... enable the state to tax income and crack down on 188 illegal business activities.} 189 \item {... prevent payment fraud.} 190 \item {... be {\bf usable}.} 191 \item {... be efficient.} 192 \end{enumerate} 193 %\pause 194 \vfill 195 \begin{center} 196 ``The program works perfectly for us blind people; absolutely 197 no accessibility issues, and I'm counting everything here.'' -- T. Zahnke 198 \end{center} 199 \end{frame} 200 201 202 \begin{frame}{Demonstration: Receiving Money in Person} 203 \vfill 204 \begin{center} 205 \movie[autostart,poster]{\includegraphics[height=0.7\textwidth]{white.png}}{sargasso/Receive720.mp4} 206 \end{center} 207 \vfill 208 \end{frame} 209 210 \begin{frame}{Demonstration: Online Payment} 211 \vfill 212 \begin{center} 213 \movie[autostart,poster]{\includegraphics[height=0.7\textwidth]{white.png}}{sargasso/Pay720.mp4} 214 \end{center} 215 \vfill 216 \end{frame} 217 218 219 \begin{frame}{Root Problem} 220 Imagine not being able to read text or numbers ... \\ 221 Could you confidently use the GNU Taler wallet \\ 222 or other payment apps with screens like those below? 223 \begin{center} 224 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/numeracy.png} 225 \end{center} 226 \end{frame} 227 228 229 \begin{frame}{How big is this Problem?} 230 \begin{center} 231 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/numeracy-gap.png} 232 233 {\tiny Nationally randomized tests funded by CGAP in 2017.} 234 \end{center} 235 236 \end{frame} 237 238 239 \begin{frame}{Oral Information Management} 240 \framesubtitle{Design Principles} 241 %\begin{minipage}{7cm} 242 OIM is a human-centered design practice governed by the following principles. 243 244 Designs must ... 245 \begin{enumerate} 246 \item ... first enhance client-side financial product usability. 247 \item ... provide positive incentives to clients to acquire useful financial numeracy and financial literacy skills. 248 \item ... be client-guided. 249 \item ... not embarrass or inconvenience numerate or literate clients. 250 \end{enumerate} 251 %\end{minipage} 252 %\hfill 253 %\noindent\fcolorbox{red}{cyan}{% 254 %\begin{minipage}{3cm} 255 %\small 256 %When transacting with oral clients, suppliers of formal services should encode 257 %information that is vital to their awareness and confidence either in a form 258 %5that they already understand, or in one that they can readily acquire. 259 %\end{minipage}} 260 261 \end{frame} 262 263 264 \begin{frame}{Example: The Orali-Table App} 265 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/oralitable.jpg} 266 \end{frame} 267 268 269 \begin{frame}{Demonstration: Orali-Table} 270 \vfill 271 \begin{center} 272 \movie[autostart,poster]{\includegraphics[height=0.7\textwidth]{white.png}}{sargasso/orali-table.mp4} 273 \end{center} 274 \vfill 275 \end{frame} 276 277 278 279 \begin{frame}{Key Performance Indicators} 280 \begin{enumerate} 281 \item KPIs include the ability for non-users, after one or more short, standardized briefings and one day, to (without help): 282 \begin{itemize} 283 \item input a correct payment amount into the correct Taler field 284 \item perform a full payment transaction in the Taler wallet 285 \item find a previous cash inflow in the payment history 286 \item recognize a failed transaction and identify the need to correct it 287 \end{itemize} 288 \item Experienced users own smartphones and use the app for several weeks. For them KPIs include the ability to (without any help or orientation): 289 \begin{itemize} 290 \item Conduct all tasks listed above, more quickly than recently briefed users. 291 \end{itemize} 292 \end{enumerate} 293 \end{frame} 294 295 296 \begin{frame}{A Success Story from South Omo, Ethopia} 297 \begin{minipage}{0.25\textwidth} 298 \tiny 299 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/users2.jpg} 300 301 Collaboration with Global Communities 302 \end{minipage} 303 \begin{minipage}{0.75\textwidth} 304 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/outcome2.png} 305 \end{minipage} 306 307 \end{frame} 308 309 310 \begin{frame}{A Success Story from Skardu, Pakistan} 311 \begin{minipage}{0.33\textwidth} 312 \tiny 313 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/users.jpg} 314 Collaboration with the Aga Khan Rural Support Program and 315 the University of Alberta 316 \end{minipage} 317 \begin{minipage}{0.67\textwidth} 318 \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{sargasso/outcome.png} 319 \end{minipage} 320 \end{frame} 321 322 323 324 \begin{frame}{Collaboration Objective} 325 \framesubtitle{Bridging the Literate Divide in Digital Payments} 326 \vfill 327 \begin{center} 328 Create and evaluate GNU Taler wallet suitable for illiterate/innumerate users based on OIM principles. 329 \end{center} 330 \vfill 331 \end{frame} 332 333 334 \begin{frame}{Approach} 335 \begin{enumerate} 336 \item Identify target user(s) and work with them on UX design 337 \begin{itemize} 338 \item In Europe, assess with speakers of minority languages 339 \item Using established contacts in Ethopia \& Kenya \& Sierra Leone 340 \end{itemize} 341 \item Joint design of the OIM interface 342 \item Implement new user interface(s) 343 \item Perform usability studies (in Europe and abroad) 344 \item Revise design and implementation based on UX study 345 \item Document and promote the results: 346 \begin{itemize} 347 \item Via existing contacts with central banks (MOVE) 348 \item Launch of GNU Taler via NGI PILOT in Europe (TSYS) 349 \end{itemize} 350 \end{enumerate} 351 % add GANTT chart? 352 \end{frame} 353 354 355 \begin{frame}{Usability Studies} 356 \begin{enumerate} 357 \item Usability studies conducted with: 358 \begin{itemize} 359 \item ‘experienced users’ who have using the app for a few weeks, 360 \item ‘novice users’ from the low-numeracy target group, with no knowledge of the app 361 \end{itemize} 362 \item With both groups, we replicate ordinary circumstances of use and observe if they can perform routine functions on the interface. 363 \begin{itemize} 364 \item For example, input correct payment amount or find transaction in account history (see KPIs below). 365 \end{itemize} 366 \item Novice users: 367 \begin{itemize} 368 \item we provide a brief orientation ($approx$ 30 mins) to a function 369 \item let a day pass 370 \item test ability to use the function without help 371 \end{itemize} 372 \end{enumerate} 373 \end{frame} 374 375 376 \begin{frame}{Workplan} 377 { 378 \begin{ganttchart}[hgrid, vgrid, 379 x unit=0.4cm, 380 title label font=\footnotesize, 381 y unit title=0.7cm, 382 y unit chart=.5cm]{1}{9} 383 \gantttitle{Q1}{3} 384 \gantttitle{Q2}{3} 385 \gantttitle{Q3}{3} \\ 386 % \ganttlinkedbar{WP1}{1}{8} \\ 387 \ganttbar[name=setup]{Develop coaching plan and KPIs}{1}{1} \\ 388 \ganttbar[name=user]{User and interface diagnostics}{1}{1} \\ 389 \ganttbar[name=design]{First user-interface specification}{1}{1} \\ 390 \ganttbar[name=prototype]{First wallet prototype}{2}{3} \\ 391 \ganttmilestone[name=mid1]{MS1: Ready for usability studies}{3} \\ 392 \ganttbar[name=study]{Perform \& monitor 'in-the-wild' usability studies}{4}{5}\\ 393 \ganttbar[name=assess]{Assess usability against KPIs}{5}{5}\\ 394 \ganttbar[name=redesign]{Produce updated design specification}{5}{6} \\ 395 \ganttmilestone[name=mid2]{MS2: Revised user-centric interface specification}{6} \\ 396 \ganttbar[name=implement]{Implement revised design}{6}{8} \\ 397 \ganttbar[name=document]{Document final iOS wallet}{8}{9}\\ 398 \ganttmilestone[name=release]{Release final iOS wallet}{9}\\ 399 \ganttmilestone[name=finished]{M3: Published inclusive payment solution}{9} 400 % \ganttlink{design}{prototype} 401 % \ganttlink{prototype}{mid1} 402 % \ganttlink{mid1}{study} 403 % \ganttlink{study}{redesign} 404 % \ganttlink{redesign}{mid2} 405 % \ganttlink{mid2}{implement} 406 % \ganttlink{implement}{document} 407 % \ganttlink{document}{finished} 408 \end{ganttchart} 409 \label{fig:gantt} 410 } 411 \end{frame} 412 413 414 415 \begin{frame} 416 \frametitle{Do you have any Questions?} 417 \vfill 418 References: 419 \begin{enumerate} 420 \item{David Chaum, Christian Grothoff and Thomas Moser. 421 {\em How to issue a central bank digital currency}. 422 {\bf Swiss National Bank Working Papers}, 2021.} 423 \item{Brett Hudson Matthews. 424 {\em Hidden constraints to digital financial inclusion: the oral-literate divide}. 425 {\bf Development in Practice}, Volume 29, 2019.} 426 \item{Christian Grothoff, Bart Polot and Carlo von Loesch. 427 {\em The Internet is broken: Idealistic Ideas for Building a GNU Network}. 428 {\bf W3C/IAB Workshop on Strengthening the Internet Against Pervasive Monitoring (STRINT)}, 2014.} 429 \item{Brett Hudson Matthews. 430 {\em Oral Information Management Tools: Lighting the Path to Financial Inclusion}. 431 2014.} 432 \end{enumerate} 433 \vfill 434 \hfill \url{https://myoralvillage.org/} \hfill \url{https://taler.net/} \hfill 435 436 \end{frame} 437 438 439 \end{document}