commit 21f0a4befc6336aeea39149149a0e1d5cfc66654
parent 487fc93c99317f0fbedf2a91550e2dcf1ecdffc9
Author: Antoine A <>
Date: Thu, 11 Nov 2021 23:45:56 +0100
Setup GPG sign
Diffstat:
| A | .gitignore | | | 1 | + |
| A | Cargo.lock | | | 663 | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| A | Cargo.toml | | | 18 | ++++++++++++++++++ |
| A | research.md | | | 136 | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| A | src/main.rs | | | 338 | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ |
| A | test.js | | | 4 | ++++ |
6 files changed, 1160 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
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diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "depolymerization"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
+[dependencies]
+bitcoincore-rpc = "0.14.0"
+sha2 = "0.9.8"
+bs58 = "0.4.0"
+fastrand = "1.5.0"
+digest = "0.9.0"
+argh = "0.1.6"
+rustyline = "9.0.0"
+bitcoin-bech32 = "0.12.1"
+static_init = "1.0.1"
+
diff --git a/research.md b/research.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# Depolymerization
+
+## The problem
+
+We want to store metadata in the blockchain to identify taler wire transaction.
+
+## Bitcoin
+
+### Methods
+
+#### Fake legacy address
+
+The good:
+
+- Work with common wallets
+- Multiple payload of 20B
+
+The bad:
+
+- Two fees: higher weight fee and a a dust to burn (546 satoshis for a legacy
+ address)
+- Pollute the blockchain by bloating UTXO (Unspent Transaction Outputs)
+- Bitcoin URI does not support multiple recipients
+
+Assuming people using cryptocurrencies are techies, asking them to enter
+multiple recipients manually doe no sound that bad.
+
+#### Fake SegWit address
+
+Same as fake legacy address but:
+
+- dust burn reduced from 546sa/20B to 294sa/20B (0.3247€ to 0.1748€)
+- for huge address 330sa/32B (0.1784€) but against standard
+
+The good:
+
+- Work with common wallets
+- Multiple payload of 20B
+
+The bad:
+
+- Two fees: higher weight fee and a a dust to burn (546 satoshis for a legacy
+ address)
+- Pollute the blockchain by bloating UTXO (Unspent Transaction Outputs)
+- Bitcoin URI does not support multiple recipients
+
+Assuming people using cryptocurrencies are techies, asking them to enter
+multiple recipients manually doe no sound that bad.
+
+#### OP_RETURN
+
+The good:
+
+- Recommended way to store metadata
+- No blockchain abuse
+- Only cost is a higher weight fee
+
+The bad:
+
+- Require custom raw transaction
+- Require custom client (need more research)
+- Max 40B or 80B payload (one OP_RETURN by transaction)
+
+Solution:
+
+- Create a custom online wallet middleware (https://coinb.in/#txinputs)
+- Good user interface
+- Lot of complexity
+
+#### Unique address
+
+The good:
+
+- The normal way to do transaction
+
+The bad:
+
+- We need to store state in a database
+- We need to add a new API routine
+- Complicated to do correctly
+
+`sendmany` shuffle outputs for privacy reasons in RPC since v0.17, and the order
+cannot be relied upon for other wallets.
+
+Solutions:
+
+- Encode order in payload
+
+### Blockchain trust
+
+We can virtually never be sure that a transaction have been made in durable
+manner. By waiting for 6 blocks (~1h) we ca, have a significant assurance.
+
+- Make the number of confirmation blocks configurable
+
+TODO:
+
+- Find a way to detect extended forks using bitcoin alert (-alertnotify or
+ getnetworkinfo RPC)
+- Or detect it ourselves by reading row block using RPC
+- How to handle removed transaction ? Do the wire history have to be consistent
+ ?
+
+### Refunds
+
+To refund we could send bitcoins back to the sender address (minus some fee of
+course). However some people use wallet solutions using a shared address for
+multiple users, in that case the refund will go to the solution but not to the
+designated user.
+
+Do we care ?
+
+### Sources
+
+Pompianu, Livio & Bartoletti, Massimo & Bellomy, Bryn. (2019). A Journey into
+Bitcoin Metadata. Journal of Grid Computing. 10.1007/s10723-019-09473-3.
+
+## Out
+
+OP_RETURN test
+
+## Ethereum
+
+- A transaction is from one address to another
+- Have a arbitrary data payload for smart contract
+
+Can we use smart contract to read metadata ?
+
+Rust client library OpenEthereum - JSON RCP API
+
+## TODO
+
+- Magic bit detection
+- Optimize magic bit
+- lower level WitnessProgram alternative ?
+- OP_RETURN logic
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+use std::{
+ collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet},
+ iter::repeat_with,
+ path::PathBuf,
+};
+
+use bitcoin_bech32::{constants::Network, u5, WitnessProgram};
+use bitcoincore_rpc::{
+ bitcoin::{Address, Amount, Txid},
+ jsonrpc::serde_json::Value,
+ Auth, Client, RpcApi,
+};
+use static_init::dynamic;
+
+// https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/master/src/policy/policy.cpp
+#[dynamic]
+static LEGACY_MIN_AMOUNT: Amount = Amount::from_sat(546);
+#[dynamic]
+static SEGWIT_MIN_AMOUNT: Amount = Amount::from_sat(294);
+
+const CLIENT: &str = "client";
+const WIRE: &str = "wire";
+const DATA_PATH: &str = "C:/Users/antoi/AppData/Roaming/Bitcoin/regtest";
+const RPC_URL: &str = "http://localhost:18443";
+
+#[derive(argh::FromArgs)]
+/// Bitcoin metadata tester
+struct Args {
+ /// start as a sender
+ #[argh(switch, short = 'c')]
+ client: bool,
+
+ /// start as a receiver
+ #[argh(switch, short = 'w')]
+ wire: bool,
+
+ /// a message to send
+ #[argh(option)]
+ msg: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn encode_segwit_address(
+ network: Network,
+ is_first: bool,
+ magic_id: &[u8; 4],
+ key_half: &[u8; 16],
+) -> String {
+ // Combine magic_it and the key half
+ let mut buf = vec![0u8; 20];
+ buf[..4].copy_from_slice(magic_id);
+ buf[4..].copy_from_slice(key_half);
+ // Toggle first bit for ordering
+ if is_first {
+ buf[0] &= 0b0111_1111 // Unset first bit
+ } else {
+ buf[0] |= 0b1000_0000 // Set first bit
+ }
+ // Encode into an fake segwit address
+ WitnessProgram::new(u5::try_from_u8(0).unwrap(), buf, network)
+ .unwrap()
+ .to_address()
+}
+
+fn encode_segwit_key(network: Network, key: &[u8; 32]) -> [String; 2] {
+ // Generate a random magic identifier
+ let mut magic_id = [0; 4];
+ // TODO use secure os based random
+ magic_id.fill_with(|| fastrand::u8(..));
+ // Split key in half;
+ let mut split = ([0; 16], [0; 16]);
+ split.0.copy_from_slice(&key[..16]);
+ split.1.copy_from_slice(&key[16..]);
+ [
+ encode_segwit_address(network, true, &magic_id, &split.0),
+ encode_segwit_address(network, false, &magic_id, &split.1),
+ ]
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum DecodeError {
+ MissingSeqWitAddress,
+ MagicIdCollision,
+}
+
+fn decode_segwit_msg(segwit_addrs: &[&str]) -> Result<[u8; 32], DecodeError> {
+ if segwit_addrs.len() < 2 {
+ return Err(DecodeError::MissingSeqWitAddress);
+ }
+
+ let decoded: Vec<[u8; 20]> = segwit_addrs
+ .into_iter()
+ .filter_map(|addr| {
+ WitnessProgram::from_address(addr).ok().and_then(|wp| {
+ let pg = wp.program();
+ if pg.len() == 20 {
+ let mut buf = [0; 20];
+ buf.copy_from_slice(pg);
+ Some(buf)
+ } else {
+ None
+ }
+ })
+ })
+ .collect();
+
+ if decoded.len() < 2 {
+ return Err(DecodeError::MissingSeqWitAddress);
+ }
+
+ let mut parts: Vec<(bool, [u8; 4], &[u8; 16])> = decoded
+ .iter()
+ .map(|c| {
+ let mut magic_id: [u8; 4] = c[..4].try_into().unwrap();
+ let key_half: &[u8; 16] = c[4..].try_into().unwrap();
+ let is_first = !c[0] & 0b1000_0000 == 0;
+ // Clear first bit
+ magic_id[0] &= 0b0111_1111;
+ (is_first, magic_id, key_half)
+ })
+ .collect();
+ let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
+
+ for (_, magic, _) in &parts {
+ match map.get_mut(magic) {
+ Some(prev) => *prev = true,
+ None => {
+ map.insert(*magic, false);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ map.retain(|_, many| *many);
+ assert_eq!(map.len(), 1, "Two possible magic id");
+ let magic_id = map.into_keys().next().unwrap();
+ parts.retain(|(_, magic, _)| *magic == magic_id);
+ assert_eq!(parts.len(), 2, "Magic ID collision");
+
+ let mut key = [0; 32];
+ for (is_first, _, half) in parts {
+ key[is_first as usize * 16..][..16].copy_from_slice(half);
+ }
+ Ok(key)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_shuffle() {
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let mut key = [0; 32];
+ key.fill_with(|| fastrand::u8(..));
+ let mut addresses = encode_segwit_key(Network::Bitcoin, &key);
+ fastrand::shuffle(&mut addresses);
+ let decoded =
+ decode_segwit_msg(&addresses.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect::<Vec<&str>>())
+ .unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(key, decoded);
+ }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_shuffle_many() {
+ for _ in 0..1000 {
+ let mut rng_address: Vec<String> = std::iter::repeat_with(|| {
+ let key: Vec<u8> = repeat_with(|| fastrand::u8(..)).take(20).collect();
+ WitnessProgram::new(u5::try_from_u8(0).unwrap(), key, Network::Bitcoin)
+ .unwrap()
+ .to_address()
+ })
+ .take(2)
+ .collect();
+
+ let mut key = [0; 32];
+ key.fill_with(|| fastrand::u8(..));
+ let mut addresses = encode_segwit_key(Network::Bitcoin, &key).to_vec();
+ addresses.append(&mut rng_address);
+ fastrand::shuffle(&mut addresses);
+ let decoded =
+ decode_segwit_msg(&addresses.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect::<Vec<&str>>())
+ .unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(key, decoded);
+ }
+}
+
+fn common_rpc() -> Client {
+ Client::new(
+ RPC_URL,
+ Auth::CookieFile(PathBuf::from(DATA_PATH).join(".cookie")),
+ )
+ .expect("Failed to open common client")
+}
+fn wallet_rpc(wallet: &str) -> Client {
+ Client::new(
+ &format!("{}/wallet/{}", RPC_URL, wallet),
+ Auth::CookieFile(PathBuf::from(DATA_PATH).join(".cookie")),
+ )
+ .expect(&format!("Failed to open wallet '{}' client", wallet))
+}
+
+fn send_many(client: &Client, recipients: Vec<(String, Amount)>) -> bitcoincore_rpc::Result<Txid> {
+ let amounts = Value::Object(
+ recipients
+ .into_iter()
+ .map(|(addr, amount)| (addr, amount.as_btc().into()))
+ .collect(),
+ );
+ client.call(
+ "sendmany",
+ &[
+ "".into(), // dummy
+ amounts, // amounts
+ 0.into(), // minconf
+ "".into(), // comment
+ Value::Null, // substractfeefrom
+ false.into(), // replaceable
+ Value::Null, // conf_target
+ Value::Null, // estimate mode
+ 1.into(), // fee rate
+ false.into(), // verbose
+ ],
+ )
+}
+
+fn send_with_metadata(
+ rpc: &Client,
+ to: &Address,
+ amount: Amount,
+ metadata: &[u8],
+) -> bitcoincore_rpc::Result<Txid> {
+ let addresses = encode_segwit_key(Network::Regtest, &metadata.try_into().unwrap());
+ let mut recipients = vec![(to.to_string(), amount)];
+ recipients.extend(addresses.into_iter().map(|addr| (addr, *SEGWIT_MIN_AMOUNT)));
+ send_many(rpc, recipients)
+}
+
+fn last_metadata(rpc: &Client) -> bitcoincore_rpc::Result<Vec<u8>> {
+ let txs = rpc.list_transactions(None, None, None, None)?;
+ let last = txs.last().unwrap();
+
+ let info: Value = rpc.call(
+ "gettransaction",
+ &[last.info.txid.to_string().into(), Value::Null, true.into()],
+ )?;
+ let addresses: Vec<&str> = info["decoded"]["vout"]
+ .as_array()
+ .unwrap()
+ .into_iter()
+ .filter_map(|it| {
+ if it["value"].as_f64().unwrap() == SEGWIT_MIN_AMOUNT.as_btc() {
+ Some(it["scriptPubKey"]["address"].as_str().unwrap())
+ } else {
+ None
+ }
+ })
+ .collect();
+ Ok(decode_segwit_msg(&addresses).unwrap().to_vec())
+}
+
+fn main() {
+ {
+ let existing_wallets: HashSet<String> =
+ std::fs::read_dir(PathBuf::from(DATA_PATH).join("wallets"))
+ .unwrap()
+ .filter_map(|it| it.ok())
+ .map(|it| it.file_name().to_string_lossy().to_string())
+ .collect();
+
+ let rpc = common_rpc();
+ if !existing_wallets.contains(CLIENT) || !existing_wallets.contains(WIRE) {
+ println!("Generate new wallets");
+ // Create wallets
+ rpc.create_wallet(&WIRE, None, None, None, None).unwrap();
+ rpc.create_wallet(&CLIENT, None, None, None, None).unwrap();
+ // Add 50 BTC to client wallet
+ let rpc = wallet_rpc(CLIENT);
+ let addr = rpc.get_new_address(None, None).unwrap();
+ rpc.generate_to_address(101 /* Need 100 blocks to validate */, &addr)
+ .unwrap();
+ } else {
+ rpc.load_wallet(&WIRE).ok();
+ rpc.load_wallet(&CLIENT).ok();
+ }
+ }
+
+ println!("Initial state:");
+ let client_rpc = wallet_rpc(CLIENT);
+ let wire_rpc = wallet_rpc(WIRE);
+ let client_addr = client_rpc.get_new_address(None, None).unwrap();
+ let wire_addr = wire_rpc.get_new_address(None, None).unwrap();
+ println!(
+ "{} {} {}",
+ WIRE,
+ wire_addr,
+ wire_rpc.get_balance(None, None).unwrap()
+ );
+ println!(
+ "{} {} {}",
+ CLIENT,
+ client_addr,
+ client_rpc.get_balance(None, None).unwrap()
+ );
+
+ let args: Args = argh::from_env();
+
+ if args.client {
+ println!("Start client");
+ let mut rl = rustyline::Editor::<()>::new();
+ loop {
+ let rl = rl.readline(">> ");
+ match rl {
+ Ok(line) => {
+ send_with_metadata(
+ &client_rpc,
+ &wire_addr,
+ *LEGACY_MIN_AMOUNT,
+ line.as_bytes(),
+ )
+ .unwrap();
+ client_rpc.generate_to_address(1, &client_addr).unwrap();
+ }
+ Err(_) => break,
+ }
+ }
+ } else if args.wire {
+ println!("Start wire");
+ loop {
+ wire_rpc.wait_for_new_block(60 * 60 * 1000).ok();
+ let decoded = last_metadata(&wire_rpc).unwrap();
+ println!(">> {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&decoded));
+ }
+ } else {
+ // Send metadata
+ let metadata: Vec<u8> = repeat_with(|| fastrand::u8(..)).take(32).collect();
+ send_with_metadata(&client_rpc, &wire_addr, *LEGACY_MIN_AMOUNT, &metadata).unwrap();
+ // Mine one block
+ client_rpc.generate_to_address(1, &client_addr).unwrap();
+ // Read metadata
+ let decoded = last_metadata(&wire_rpc).unwrap();
+ assert_eq!(metadata, decoded);
+ }
+}
diff --git a/test.js b/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import { createRemote } from 'https://deno.land/x/gentle_rpc@v2.9/mod.ts';
+const remote = createRemote('http://127.0.0.1:18443');
+const info = await remote.call('getbestblockhash');
+console.log(info);
