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diff --git a/src/sync/sync-httpd_responses.c b/src/sync/sync-httpd_responses.c
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+/*
+ This file is part of TALER
+ Copyright (C) 2014-2017 GNUnet e.V.
+
+ TALER is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
+ terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software
+ Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ TALER is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
+ A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with
+ TALER; see the file COPYING. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+*/
+/**
+ * @file sync-httpd_responses.c
+ * @brief API for generating the various replies of the exchange; these
+ * functions are called TMH_RESPONSE_reply_ and they generate
+ * and queue MHD response objects for a given connection.
+ * @author Florian Dold
+ * @author Benedikt Mueller
+ * @author Christian Grothoff
+ */
+#include "platform.h"
+#include "sync-httpd.h"
+#include "sync-httpd_responses.h"
+#include <taler/taler_util.h>
+#include <taler/taler_json_lib.h>
+#include <gnunet/gnunet_util_lib.h>
+
+
+/**
+ * Make JSON response object.
+ *
+ * @param json the json object
+ * @return MHD response object
+ */
+struct MHD_Response *
+TMH_RESPONSE_make_json (const json_t *json)
+{
+ struct MHD_Response *resp;
+ char *json_str;
+
+ json_str = json_dumps (json,
+ JSON_INDENT (2));
+ if (NULL == json_str)
+ {
+ GNUNET_break (0);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ resp = MHD_create_response_from_buffer (strlen (json_str),
+ json_str,
+ MHD_RESPMEM_MUST_FREE);
+ if (NULL == resp)
+ {
+ free (json_str);
+ GNUNET_break (0);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ GNUNET_break (MHD_YES ==
+ MHD_add_response_header (resp,
+ MHD_HTTP_HEADER_CONTENT_TYPE,
+ "application/json"));
+ return resp;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send JSON object as response.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection
+ * @param json the json object
+ * @param response_code the http response code
+ * @return MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ const json_t *json,
+ unsigned int response_code)
+{
+ struct MHD_Response *resp;
+ int ret;
+
+ resp = TMH_RESPONSE_make_json (json);
+ if (NULL == resp)
+ return MHD_NO;
+ ret = MHD_queue_response (connection,
+ response_code,
+ resp);
+ MHD_destroy_response (resp);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Make JSON response object.
+ *
+ * @param fmt format string for pack
+ * @param ... varargs
+ * @return MHD response object
+ */
+struct MHD_Response *
+TMH_RESPONSE_make_json_pack (const char *fmt,
+ ...)
+{
+ json_t *json;
+ va_list argp;
+ struct MHD_Response *ret;
+ json_error_t jerror;
+
+ va_start (argp, fmt);
+ json = json_vpack_ex (&jerror,
+ 0,
+ fmt,
+ argp);
+ va_end (argp);
+ if (NULL == json)
+ {
+ GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+ "Failed to pack JSON with format `%s': %s\n",
+ fmt,
+ jerror.text);
+ GNUNET_break (0);
+ return MHD_NO;
+ }
+ ret = TMH_RESPONSE_make_json (json);
+ json_decref (json);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function to call to handle the request by building a JSON
+ * reply from a format string and varargs.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to handle
+ * @param response_code HTTP response code to use
+ * @param fmt format string for pack
+ * @param ... varargs
+ * @return MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ unsigned int response_code,
+ const char *fmt,
+ ...)
+{
+ json_t *json;
+ va_list argp;
+ int ret;
+ json_error_t jerror;
+
+ va_start (argp, fmt);
+ json = json_vpack_ex (&jerror,
+ 0,
+ fmt,
+ argp);
+ va_end (argp);
+ if (NULL == json)
+ {
+ GNUNET_log (GNUNET_ERROR_TYPE_ERROR,
+ "Failed to pack JSON with format `%s': %s\n",
+ fmt,
+ jerror.text);
+ GNUNET_break (0);
+ return MHD_NO;
+ }
+ ret = TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json (connection,
+ json,
+ response_code);
+ json_decref (json);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Create a response indicating an internal error.
+ *
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param hint hint about the internal error's nature
+ * @return a MHD response object
+ */
+struct MHD_Response *
+TMH_RESPONSE_make_error (enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *hint)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_make_json_pack ("{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "hint", hint);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating an internal error.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param hint hint about the internal error's nature
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_internal_error (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *hint)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "hint", hint);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating that the request was too big.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_request_too_large (struct MHD_Connection *connection)
+{
+ struct MHD_Response *resp;
+ int ret;
+
+ resp = MHD_create_response_from_buffer (0,
+ NULL,
+ MHD_RESPMEM_PERSISTENT);
+ if (NULL == resp)
+ return MHD_NO;
+ ret = MHD_queue_response (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE,
+ resp);
+ MHD_destroy_response (resp);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating that we did not find the @a object
+ * needed for the reply.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param response_code response code to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param msg human-readable diagnostic
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_rc (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ unsigned int response_code,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *msg)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ response_code,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "error", msg);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating that the JSON was malformed.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_invalid_json (struct MHD_Connection *connection)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code",
+ (json_int_t) TALER_EC_JSON_INVALID,
+ "error", "invalid json");
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating that we did not find the @a object
+ * needed for the reply.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param object name of the object we did not find
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_not_found (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *object)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_NOT_FOUND,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "error", object);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating that the request was malformed.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param issue description of what was wrong with the request
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_bad_request (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *issue)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "error", issue);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Add headers we want to return in every response.
+ * Useful for testing, like if we want to always close
+ * connections.
+ *
+ * @param response response to modify
+ */
+void
+TMH_RESPONSE_add_global_headers (struct MHD_Response *response)
+{
+ if (TMH_sync_connection_close)
+ GNUNET_break (MHD_YES ==
+ MHD_add_response_header (response,
+ MHD_HTTP_HEADER_CONNECTION,
+ "close"));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating an external error.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param hint hint about the error's nature
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_external_error (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *hint)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
+ "{s:I, s:s}",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "hint", hint);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating a missing argument.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param param_name the parameter that is missing
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_arg_missing (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *param_name)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
+ "{s:s, s:I, s:s}",
+ "error", "missing parameter",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "parameter", param_name);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Send a response indicating an invalid argument.
+ *
+ * @param connection the MHD connection to use
+ * @param ec error code to return
+ * @param param_name the parameter that is invalid
+ * @return a MHD result code
+ */
+int
+TMH_RESPONSE_reply_arg_invalid (struct MHD_Connection *connection,
+ enum TALER_ErrorCode ec,
+ const char *param_name)
+{
+ return TMH_RESPONSE_reply_json_pack (connection,
+ MHD_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST,
+ "{s:s, s:I, s:s}",
+ "error", "invalid parameter",
+ "code", (json_int_t) ec,
+ "parameter", param_name);
+}
+
+
+/* end of taler-exchange-httpd_responses.c */