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diff --git a/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html b/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6554c9ae --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html @@ -0,0 +1,221 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. + +Free Software Foundation + +51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor + +Boston, MA 02110-1335 +Copyright C 2002, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire book are permitted +worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is +preserved. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations +of this book from the original English into another language provided +the translation has been approved by the Free Software Foundation and +the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all +copies. + +ISBN 978-0-9831592-0-9 +Cover design by Rob Myers. + +Cover photograph by Peter Hinely. + --> +<!-- Created on February 18, 2016 by texi2html 1.82 +texi2html was written by: + Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) + Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> + Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de> + and many others. +Maintained by: Many creative people. +Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org> +--> +<head> +<title>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 3. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System</title> + +<meta name="description" content="This is the second edition of Richard Stallman's collection of essays."> +<meta name="keywords" content="Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 3. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.82"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +pre.display {font-family: serif} +pre.format {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal;} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;} +ul.toc {list-style: none} +--> +</style> +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../style.css"> + + +</head> + +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> + +<a name="Initial-Announcement"></a> +<header><div id="logo"><img src="../gnu.svg" height="100" width="100"></div><h1>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.</h1></header><section id="main"><a name="The-Initial-Announcement-of-the-GNU-Operating-System"></a> +<h1 class="chapter"> 3. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System </h1> + +<p>This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by +Richard Stallman on 27 September 1983. +</p> +<p>The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from +this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until +January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts of free software +were not clarified until a few years later. +</p> +<a name="index-GNU_002c-initial-announcement"></a> +<a name="index-MIT-1"></a> +<a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-announcement-of"></a> +<a name="index-RMS_002c-Richard-Stallman_002c-often-referred-to-as-_0028see-also-Stallman_0029"></a> +<a name="index-GNU_002c-operating-system-parts-3"></a> +<a name="index-Empire-game"></a> +<a name="index-games_002c-Empire"></a> +<a name="index-C-programs"></a> +<a name="index-C-compiler"></a> +<a name="index-yacc"></a> +<p> +<tt> +From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ<br> +From: <code>RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie</code><br> +Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft<br> +Subject: new Unix implementation<br> +Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST<br> +Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA +</p> +<p>Free Unix! +</p> +<p>Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete +Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and +give it away free<a name="DOCF11" href="#FOOT11">(11)</a> to everyone who can use it. Contributions of +time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. +</p> +<p>To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to +write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, +assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text +formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of +other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that +normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including +on-line and hardcopy documentation. +</p> + +<a name="index-Chaosnet-_0028see-also-MIT_0029"></a> +<a name="index-MIT_002c-Chaosnet"></a> +<a name="index-UUCP"></a> +<a name="index-Lisp_002c-programs"></a> +<a name="index-Lisp_002c-Lisp_002dbased-window-system"></a> +<a name="index-MIT_002c-Chaosnet-1"></a> +<p>GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to +Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our +experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to +have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, +filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and +eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp +programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and +Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have +network software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to +UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP. +</p> +<p>Who Am I? +</p> +<a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-1"></a> +<a name="index-Emacs_002c-GNU-3"></a> +<a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-Emacs-3"></a> +<a name="index-MIT_002c-AI-_0028Artificial-Intelligence_0029-Lab-2"></a> +<a name="index-ITS-_0028Incompatible-Timesharing-System_0029-3"></a> +<a name="index-Lisp_002c-Lisp-Machine-operating-system"></a> +<p>I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS +editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked +extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, +the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating +system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In +addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window +systems for Lisp machines. +</p> +<p>Why I Must Write GNU +</p> +<a name="index-Golden-Rule"></a> +<a name="index-citizen-values_002c-Golden-Rule"></a> +<a name="index-nondisclosure-agreements-3"></a> +<p>I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I +must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good +conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license +agreement. +</p> +<p>So that I can continue to use computers without violating my +principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free +software so that I will be able to get along without any software that +is not free. +</p> +<p>How You Can Contribute +</p> +<a name="index-development_002c-contributions-and-donations-1"></a> +<a name="index-call-to-action_002c-initial-announcement"></a> +<p>I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and +money. I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work. +</p> +<p>One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a +machine. But we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you +donate machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The +machine had better be able to operate in a residential area, and not +require sophisticated cooling or power. +</p> +<a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-ease-of-contribution-because-of"></a> +<p>Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible +duplicate of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, +such part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the +independently-written parts would not work together. But for the +particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most +interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each +contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with +the rest of GNU. +</p> +<p>If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full +or part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for +whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I +view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full +energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living +in another way. +</p> + +<p>For more information, contact me.<br> +Arpanet mail:<br> + RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA +</p> +<p>Usenet:<br> + ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ + ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ +<a name="index-MIT-2"></a> +</p> +<p>US Snail:<br> + Richard Stallman<br> + 166 Prospect St<br> + Cambridge, MA 02139 +<a name="index-GNU_002c-initial-announcement-1"></a> +<a name="index-MIT-3"></a> +</p> +</tt> +<div class="footnote"> +<hr> +<h3>Footnotes</h3> +<h3><a name="FOOT11" href="#DOCF11">(11)</a></h3> +<p>The wording here was careless. The +intention was that nobody would have to pay for <em>permission</em> to +use the GNU system. But the words don’t make this clear, and people +often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be +distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent. +</p></div> +<hr size="2"> +</body> +</html> |