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diff --git a/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_21.html b/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_21.html deleted file mode 100644 index 01d28acd..00000000 --- a/examples/blog/articles/scrap1_21.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,174 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd"> -<html><!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. - -Free Software Foundation - -51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor - -Boston, MA 02110-1335 -Copyright C 2002, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire book are permitted -worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is -preserved. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations -of this book from the original English into another language provided -the translation has been approved by the Free Software Foundation and -the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all -copies. - -ISBN 978-0-9831592-0-9 -Cover design by Rob Myers. - -Cover photograph by Peter Hinely. - --><!-- Created on February 18, 2016 by texi2html 1.82 -texi2html was written by: - Lionel Cons <Lionel.Cons@cern.ch> (original author) - Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> - Olaf Bachmann <obachman@mathematik.uni-kl.de> - and many others. -Maintained by: Many creative people. -Send bugs and suggestions to <texi2html-bug@nongnu.org> ---><head><title>Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 21. What Is Copyleft?</title><meta name="description" content="This is the second edition of Richard Stallman's collection of essays."><meta name="keywords" content="Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.: 21. What Is Copyleft?"><meta name="resource-type" content="document"><meta name="distribution" content="global"><meta name="Generator" content="texi2html 1.82"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style type="text/css"> -<!-- -a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} -blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} -pre.display {font-family: serif} -pre.format {font-family: serif} -pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} -pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} -pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} -pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} -pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} -pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} -span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal;} -span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal;} -ul.toc {list-style: none} ---> -</style><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../web-common/style.css"></head><body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000" class="article"> - -<a name="Copyleft"></a> -<header><div id="logo"><a href="/"><img src="../gnu.svg" height="100" width="100"></a></div><h1 class="book-title">Free Software, Free Society, 2nd ed.</h1></header><section id="main"><a name="What-Is-Copyleft_003f"></a> -<h1 class="chapter"> 21. What Is Copyleft? </h1> - -<a name="index-GPL-2"></a> -<a name="index-copyleft-_0028see-also-copyright_0029-3"></a> -<a name="index-copylefted-software-_0028see-also-software_0029-1"></a> -<p>Copyleft is a general method for making a program (or -other work) free, and requiring all modified and extended versions of the -program to be free as well. -</p> -<a name="index-public-domain-software-_0028see-also-software_0029-4"></a> -<p>The simplest way to make a program free software is to put it in the -public domain, uncopyrighted. This allows people to -share the program and their improvements, if they are so minded. But -it also allows uncooperative people to convert the program into -proprietary software. They can make changes, many or few, -and distribute the result as a proprietary product. People who -receive the program in that modified form do not have the freedom that -the original author gave them; the middleman has stripped it away. -</p> -<p>In the GNU Project, our aim is -to give <em>all</em> users the freedom to redistribute and change GNU -software. If middlemen could strip off the freedom, we might have -many users, but those users would not have freedom. So instead of -putting GNU software in the public domain, we “copyleft” -it. Copyleft says that anyone who redistributes the software, with or -without changes, must pass along the freedom to further copy and -change it. Copyleft guarantees that every user has freedom. -</p> -<p>Copyleft also provides an incentive for other programmers to add to -free software. Important free programs such as the -<a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-C_002b_002b-compiler"></a> -GNU C++ compiler -exist only because of this. -</p> -<p>Copyleft also helps programmers who want to contribute improvements to -free software get permission to -do so. These programmers often work for companies or universities -that would do almost anything to get more money. A programmer may -want to contribute her changes to the community, but her employer may -want to turn the changes into a proprietary software product. -</p> -<p>When we explain to the employer that it is illegal to distribute the -improved version except as free software, the employer usually decides -to release it as free software rather than throw it away. -</p> -<p>To copyleft a program, we first state that it is copyrighted; then we -add distribution terms, which are a legal instrument that gives -everyone the rights to use, modify, and redistribute the program’s -code, <em>or any program derived from it,</em> but only if the -distribution terms are unchanged. Thus, the code and the freedoms -become legally inseparable. -</p> -<p>Proprietary software developers use copyright to take away the users’ -freedom; we use copyright to guarantee their freedom. That’s why we -reverse the name, changing “copyright” into -“copyleft.” -</p> -<p>Copyleft is a way of using of the copyright on the program. It -doesn’t mean abandoning the copyright; in fact, doing so would make -copyleft impossible. The “left” in -“copyleft” is not a reference to the verb “to -leave”—only to the direction which is the inverse of -“right.” -</p> -<p>Copyleft is a general concept, and you can’t use a general concept -directly; you can only use a specific implementation of the concept. -In the GNU Project, the specific distribution terms that we use for -most software are contained in the GNU General Public License. The GNU General Public License is often called the GNU GPL for -short. There is also a Frequently Asked Questions page about the GNU -GPL, at <a href="http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html">http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html</a>. You can also -read about why the FSF gets copyright assignments from contributors, -at <a href="http://gnu.org/copyleft/why-assign.html">http://gnu.org/copyleft/why-assign.html</a>. -</p> -<a name="index-libraries-_0028comp_002e_0029_002c-LGPL-and"></a> -<a name="index-LGPL_002c-and-GNU-libraries"></a> -<a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-libraries"></a> -<a name="index-libraries-_0028comp_002e_0029_002c-GNU-1"></a> -<p>An alternate form of copyleft, the GNU Lesser General Public License -(LGPL), applies to a few (but not all) GNU libraries. To -learn more about properly using the LGPL, please read the article -“Why You Shouldn’t Use the Lesser GPL for Your Next Library,” -available at <a href="http://gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html</a>. -</p> -<a name="index-manuals_002c-FDL-and"></a> -<a name="index-FDL-_0028see-also-both-manuals-and-documentation_0029-1"></a> -<p>The GNU Free Documentation License (FDL) is a form of -copyleft intended for use on a manual, textbook or other document to -assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, -with or without modifications, either commercially or noncommercially. -</p> -<p>The appropriate license is included in many manuals and in each GNU -source code distribution. -</p> -<p>All these licenses are designed so that you can easily apply them to -your own works, assuming you are the copyright holder. You don’t have -to modify the license to do this, just include a copy of the license -in the work, and add notices in the source files that refer properly -to the license. -</p> -<a name="index-LGPL_002c-altering-distribution-terms-to-GPL"></a> -<p>Using the same distribution terms for many different programs makes it -easy to copy code between various different programs. When they all -have the same distribution terms, there is no problem. The Lesser -GPL, version 2, includes a provision that lets you alter the -distribution terms to the ordinary GPL, so that you can copy code into -another program covered by the GPL. Version 3 of the Lesser GPL is -built as an exception added to GPL version 3, making the compatibility -automatic. -</p> -<p>If you would like to copyleft your program with the GNU GPL or the GNU -LGPL, please see the license instructions page, at -<a href="http://gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-howto.html">http://gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-howto.html</a>, for advice. -Please note that you must use the entire text of the license you -choose. Each is an integral whole, and partial copies are not -permitted. -</p> -<p>If you would like to copyleft your manual with the GNU FDL, please see -the instructions at the end of the FDL text, and the GFDL -instructions page, at -<a href="http://gnu.org/copyleft/fdl-howto.html">http://gnu.org/copyleft/fdl-howto.html</a>. Again, partial -copies are not permitted. -<a name="index-copylefted-software-_0028see-also-software_0029-2"></a> -<a name="index-copyleft-_0028see-also-copyright_0029-4"></a> -<a name="index-GPL-3"></a> -</p><hr size="2"></section></body></html> |