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diff --git a/summary/anonymous.png b/summary/anonymous.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..14122c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/summary/anonymous.png diff --git a/summary/taler.bib b/summary/taler.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b22e9eb --- /dev/null +++ b/summary/taler.bib @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +@article{nakamoto2008bitcoin, + title={Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system}, + author={Nakamoto, Satoshi}, + year={2008} +} + +@InProceedings{apod, + author = {Elli Androulaki and Steven Bellovin}, + title = {APOD: Anonymous Physical Object Delivery}, + booktitle = {Symposium on Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETS)}, + year = {2009}, +} + +@Article{blum1981, + author = {Manuel Blum}, + title = {Coin Flipping by Telephone}, + journal = {CRYPTO}, + year = {1981}, + pages = {11-15}, +} + + +@Misc{greece2015cash, + author = {Reuters}, + title = {Greek council recommends 60 euro limit on ATM withdrawals from Tuesday}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/28/eurozone-greece-limits-idUSA8N0Z302P20150628}}, + month = {June}, + year = {2015}, +} + +@Misc{france2015cash, + author = {Heinz-Peter Bader}, + title = {France steps up monitoring of cash payments to fight low-cost terrorism}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/18/us-france-security-financing-idUSKBN0ME14720150318}}, + month = {Mar}, + year = {2015}, +} + + +@Misc{fatf1997, + title = {FATF-IX report on money laundering typologies}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.fatf-gafi.org/media/fatf/documents/reports/1996\%201997\%20ENG.pdf}}, + month = {feb}, + year = {1998}, +} + +@TechReport{, + author = {}, + title = {}, + institution = {}, + year = {}, + OPTkey = {}, + OPTtype = {}, + OPTnumber = {}, + OPTaddress = {}, + OPTmonth = {}, + OPTnote = {}, + OPTannote = {} +} + +@InProceedings{sander1999escrow, + author = {Tomas Sander and Amnon Ta-Shma}, + title = {On Anonymous Electronic Cash and Crime}, + booktitle = {ISW'99}, + year = {1999}, + series = {LNCS 1729}, + pages = {202--206}, +} + +@Article{solms1992perfect, + author = {Sebastiaan H. von Solms and David Naccache}, + title = {On blind signatures and perfect crimes}, + journal = {Computers \& Security}, + year = {1992}, + volume = {11}, + number = {6}, + pages = {581--583}, +} + +@inproceedings{chaum1990untraceable, + title={Untraceable electronic cash}, + author={Chaum, David and Fiat, Amos and Naor, Moni}, + booktitle={Proceedings on Advances in cryptology}, + pages={319--327}, + year={1990}, + organization={Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.} +} + +@inproceedings{chaum1983blind, + title={Blind signatures for untraceable payments}, + author={Chaum, David}, + booktitle={Advances in cryptology}, + pages={199--203}, + year={1983}, + organization={Springer} +} + +@inproceedings{rivest2004peppercoin, + title={Peppercoin micropayments}, + author={Rivest, Ronald L}, + booktitle={Financial Cryptography}, + pages={2--8}, + year={2004}, + organization={Springer} +} + +@inproceedings{miers2013zerocoin, + title={Zerocoin: Anonymous distributed e-cash from bitcoin}, + author={Miers, Ian and Garman, Christina and Green, Matthew and Rubin, Aviel D}, + booktitle={Security and Privacy (SP), 2013 IEEE Symposium on}, + pages={397--411}, + year={2013}, + organization={IEEE} +} + + + +@InProceedings{fc2014murdoch, + author = {Stephen Murdoch and Ross Anderson}, + title = {Security Protocols and Evidence: Where Many Payment Systems Fail}, + booktitle = {Financial Cryptography and Data Security}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@book{ engels1844, + author = "Friedrich Engels", + title = "{Umrisse zu einer Kritik der National\"okonomie}", + year = "1844", + publisher = "Ruge and Marx, Paris", +} + + +@inproceedings{selby2004analyzing, + title={Analyzing the Success and Failure of Recent e-Payment Schemes}, + author={Selby, Jack R}, + booktitle={Financial Cryptography}, + pages={1--1}, + year={2004}, + organization={Springer} +} + +@misc{brands1993efficient, + title={An efficient off-line electronic cash system based on the representation problem}, + author={Brands, Stefan A}, + year={1993}, + publisher={Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica} +} + +@article{dent2008extensions, + title={Extensions to Chaum's Blind Signature Scheme and OpenCoin Requirements}, + author={Dent, AW and Paterson, KG and Wild, PR}, + year={2008} +} + +@article{dent2008preliminary, + title={Preliminary Report on Chaum's Online E-Cash Architecture}, + author={Dent, AW and Paterson, KG and Wild, PR}, + journal={Royal Holloway, University of London}, + year={2008} +} + + + +@inproceedings{tor-design, + title = {Tor: The Second-Generation Onion Router}, + author = {Roger Dingledine and Nick Mathewson and Paul Syverson}, + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Security Symposium}, + year = {2004}, + month = {August}, + www_important = {1}, + www_tags = {selected}, + www_html_url = {https://www.torproject.org/svn/trunk/doc/design-paper/tor-design.html}, + www_pdf_url = {https://www.torproject.org/svn/trunk/doc/design-paper/tor-design.pdf}, + www_section = {Anonymous communication}, +} + + +@inbook{BellareRogaway1996, + author="Bellare, Mihir and Rogaway, Phillip", + editor="Maurer, Ueli", + chapter="The Exact Security of Digital Signatures-How to Sign with RSA and Rabin", + title="Advances in Cryptology --- EUROCRYPT '96: International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques Saragossa, Spain, May 12--16, 1996 Proceedings", + year="1996", + publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg", + address="Berlin, Heidelberg", + pages="399--416", + isbn="978-3-540-68339-1", + doi="10.1007/3-540-68339-9_34", + url_doi="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68339-9_34", + url="http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/exact.pdf" +} + + + +@article{OneMoreInversion, + author="Bellare and Namprempre and Pointcheval and Semanko", + title="The One-More-RSA-Inversion Problems and the Security of Chaum's Blind Signature Scheme ", + journal="Journal of Cryptology", + volume="16", + number="3", + pages="185--215", + abstract="We introduce a new class of computational problems which we call the ``one-more-RSA-inversion'' problems. Our main result is that two problems in this class, which we call the chosen-target and known-target inversion problems, respectively, have polynomially equivalent computational complexity. We show how this leads to a proof of security for Chaum's RSA-based blind signature scheme in the random oracle model based on the assumed hardness of either of these problems. We define and prove analogous results for ``one-more-discrete-logarithm'' problems. Since the appearence of the preliminary version of this paper, the new problems we have introduced have found other uses as well.", + issn="1432-1378", + doi="10.1007/s00145-002-0120-1", + doi_url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00145-002-0120-1", + url="https://eprint.iacr.org/2001/002" +} + +@misc{cryptoeprint:2001:002, + author = {M. Bellare and C. Namprempre and D. Pointcheval and M. Semanko}, + title = {The One-More-RSA-Inversion Problems and the Security of Chaum's Blind Signature Scheme}, + howpublished = {Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2001/002}, + year = {2001}, + note = {\url{http://eprint.iacr.org/}}, +} + + +@inbook{RSA-KTIvCTI, + author="Bellare, Mihir and Namprempre, Chanathip and Pointcheval, David and Semanko, Michael", + editor="Syverson, Paul", + chapter="The Power of RSA Inversion Oracles and the Security of Chaum's RSA-Based Blind Signature Scheme", + title="Financial Cryptography: 5th International Conference, FC 2001 Grand Cayman, British West Indies, February 19--22, 2001 Proceedings", + year="2002", + publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg", + address="Berlin, Heidelberg", + pages="319--338", + isbn="978-3-540-46088-6", + doi="10.1007/3-540-46088-8_25", + url="https://www.di.ens.fr/~pointche/Documents/Papers/2001_fcA.pdf" +} + + +@inbook{Coron2000, + author="Coron, Jean-S{\'e}bastien", + editor="Bellare, Mihir", + chapter="On the Exact Security of Full Domain Hash", + title="Advances in Cryptology --- CRYPTO 2000: 20th Annual International Cryptology Conference Santa Barbara, California, USA, August 20--24, 2000 Proceedings", + year="2000", + publisher="Springer Berlin Heidelberg", + address="Berlin, Heidelberg", + pages="229--235", + isbn="978-3-540-44598-2", + doi="10.1007/3-540-44598-6_14", + doi_url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44598-6_14", + url="https://www.iacr.org/archive/crypto2000/18800229/18800229.pdf" +} + + + diff --git a/summary/taler.tex b/summary/taler.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..31a3eaf --- /dev/null +++ b/summary/taler.tex @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{wrapfig} + +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{url} +\title{GNU Taler \\ + Ethical online payments for the Internet age} + +\begin{document} + +\author{Florian Dold \and Christian Grothoff} + +\maketitle + +GNU Taler is a Chaum-style digital payment system using RSA blind +signatures~\cite{chaum1983blind} and specific Elliptic curves +constructions that enables anonymous payments while ensuring that +entities that receive payments are auditable and thus taxable. +Designed to satisfy ethical requirements and implemented in free +software, Taler simultaneously improves customer privacy, payment +security and usability. + +\begin{center} +\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{anonymous.png} +\end{center} + +Our goal is to provide a secure digital payment system for modern +liberal societies as it is a flexible, libre and efficient protocol +that adequately balances the state's need for monetary control with +the citizen's needs for private economic activity. + +Transactions on the Internet tend to be of smaller value than +traditional transactions involving the exchange of physical goods. +This creates the challenge of reducing the mental and technical +overheads of existing payment systems to handle micropayments. +Addressing this problem is urgent: ad-blocking technology is eroding +advertising as a substitute for micropayments, and the Big Data +business model where citizens pay with their private information +hastens our society's regression towards +post-democracy~\cite{rms2013democracy}. + +In Taler, the customer who pays is not required to disclose private +information to make payments, while the merchant's income is visible +to the state and thus taxable. {\em Taxable} merely means that the +state can obtain the necessary information about the contract to levy +common forms of income, sales or value-added taxes, not that the +system imposes any particular tax code. Basically, when a customer +pays he uses unlinkable digital coins to sign a contract with the +merchant. The contract is proposed by the merchant and is supposed to +contain all of the information required for taxation -- which +typically excludes the identity of the customer. Later, the state can +obtain the contract by following a chain of cryptographic tokens, +starting from a token in the wire transfer from the Taler payment +system operator to the merchant. The payment system operator only +learns the total value of a contract, but no further details about the +contract. The payment system operator also learns who the issuer of +the digital coins was; beyond this, the payment process itself reveals +no further information about the identity of the customer. + +Customers and merchants will be able to easily adapt their existing +mental models and technical infrastructure to Taler, as Taler +resembles credit cards in business logic, business model and in +particular and the use of existing currencies. In contrast, Bitcoin's +payment models fail to match common expectations, be it in terms of +performance, durability, security, or privacy. + +To pay with Taler, customers need to install an electronic wallet. +Once such a wallet is present, the fact that the user does not have to +authenticate to pay fundamentally improves usability. We already see +today that electronic wallets like GooglePay are being deployed to +simplify payments online. However, the dominant players mostly +simplify credit card transactions without actually improving privacy +or security for citizens. GNU Taler is privacy-preserving free +software and both technically and legally designed to protect the +interests of its users. A key question for the future of our society +is thus whether digital wallets will serve citizens and respect their +sovereignty, or serve to reinforce the panopticon in the Reich of Big +Data corporations. + +GNU Taler was started at TU Munich in April 2014 and is now being +coordinated by the TAMIS +team\footnote{\url{https://www.inria.fr/en/teams/tamis}} at Inria +Rennes, with contributions from the free software community at large +and the GNUnet project\footnote{\url{https://gnunet.org/}} in +particular. The initial research is being funded by ARED and the +Renewable Freedom +Foundation\footnote{\url{https://renewablefreedom.org/}}, but we plan +to launch a startup to drive the commercial adaptation of the +technology. We encourage readers to try our prototype for Taler +at \url{https://demo.taler.net/}. + + +\bibliographystyle{alpha} +\bibliography{taler,ui} + +\end{document} diff --git a/summary/ui.bib b/summary/ui.bib new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2161353 --- /dev/null +++ b/summary/ui.bib @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ + + +@Misc{pigs, + author = {W3c}, + title = {Web Payments Payment Flows}, + howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/w3c/webpayments/tree/gh-pages/PaymentFlows}}, + month = {February}, + year = {2016}, +} + + + + +@techreport{dominguez1993, + title = "Does Central Bank Intervention Increase the Volatility of Foreign Exchange Rates?", + author = "Kathryn M. Dominguez", + institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", + type = "Working Paper", + series = "Working Paper Series", + number = "4532", + year = "1993", + month = "November", + doi = {10.3386/w4532}, + URL = "\url{http://www.nber.org/papers/w4532}", +} + +@article{quantitytheory1997volckart, + ISSN = {00130117, 14680289}, + URL = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2599810}, + author = {Oliver Volckart}, + journal = {The Economic History Review}, + number = {3}, + pages = {430-449}, + publisher = {[Economic History Society, Wiley]}, + title = {Early Beginnings of the Quantity Theory of Money and Their Context in Polish and Prussian Monetary Policies, c. 1520-1550}, + volume = {50}, + year = {1997} +} + +@book{pcidss, + author = {Wright, Steve}, + title = {PCI DSS A Practical Guide to Implementing and Maintaining Compliance}, + year = {2011}, + isbn = {1849281866, 9781849281867}, + edition = {3rd}, + publisher = {It Governance Ltd}, +} + + + +@Misc{ezb2016ourmoney, + author = {European Central Bank}, + title = {Our Money}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.new-euro-banknotes.eu/}}, + year = {2016}, +} + +@techreport{buiter2003deflation, + title = "Deflation: Prevention and Cure", + author = "Willem H. Buiter", + institution = "National Bureau of Economic Research", + type = "Working Paper", + series = "Working Paper Series", + number = "9623", + year = "2003", + month = "April", + doi = {10.3386/w9623}, + URL = "http://www.nber.org/papers/w9623", +} + +@Article{nigeria2015exchange, + author = {Nnanna Philemon Azu and Alireza Nasiri}, + title = {Exchange rate Fluctuation and Sustainable Economic growth in Nigeria: VAR Approach}, + journal = {Journal of Econonomics and Sustainable Development}, + year = {2015}, + volume = {6}, + number = {13}, + pages = {228--238}, +} + +@Misc{diaspora2011, + author = {Josh Constine}, + title = {After The Regretsy and Diaspora Account Freezes, We’ve Lost Confidence In PayPal}, + howpublished = {\url{http://techcrunch.com/2011/12/06/paypal-account-freeze/}}, + month = {Dec}, + year = {2011}, +} + +@Misc{crinkey2011rundle, + author = {Guy Rundle}, + title = {The humble credit card is now a political tool}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.crikey.com.au/2011/10/25/rundle-humble-credit-card-now-a-political\-tool-just-ask-wikileaks/}}, + month = {Oct}, + year = {2011}, +} + +@Misc{guardian2015cap, + author = {Rupert Jones}, + title = {Cap on card fees could lead to lower prices for consumers}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.theguardian.com/money/2015/jul/27/cap-on-card-fees-retailers}}, + month = {July}, + year = {2015}, +} + +@Article{rms2013democracy, + author = {Richard Stallman}, + title = {How Much Surveillance can Democracy Withstand?}, + journal = {WIRED}, + year = {2013}, +} + +@Misc{ibi2014, + author = {ibi research}, + title = {Digitalisierung der Gesellschaft 2014 --- Aktuelle Einsch\"atzungen und Trends}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.ecommerce-leitfaden.de/digitalisierung-der-gesellschaft-2014.html}}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@Misc{mtan, + author = {John E. Dunn}, + title = {Eurograbber SMS Trojan steals 36 million from online banks}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.techworld.com/news/security/eurograbber-sms-trojan-steals-36-million\-from-online-banks-3415014/}}, + month = {Dec}, + year = {2012}, +} + +@Misc{emv, + title = {EMVCo}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.emvco.com/}}, + year = {2016}, +} + +@Misc{kobil2016tan, + title = {ChipTAN/CardTAN: What you see is what you sign}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.kobil.com/solutions/identity-access-card-readers/chiptan/}}, + year = {2016}, +} + +@Misc{cors, + author = {A. van Kersteren}, + title = {Cross-Origin Resource Sharing}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/}}, + month = {January}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@Misc{ehrenberg2014data, + author = {Billy Ehrenberg}, + title = {How much is your personal data worth?}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/apr/22/how-much-is-personal-data-worth}}, + month = {April}, + year = {2014}, +} + +@Misc{adblockblocks, + author = {Mark Sweney}, + title = {City AM becomes first UK newspaper to ban ad blocker users}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/oct/20/city-am-ban-ad-blocker-users}}, + month = {October}, + year = {2015}, +} + +@Misc{munichicecream, + author = {Timot Szent-Ivanyi}, + title = {Wie Firmen ihre Kassen manipulieren}, + howpublished = {\url{http://www.fr-online.de/wirtschaft/steuerhinterziehung-wie-firmen-ihre-kassen\-manipulieren-,1472780,31535960.html}}, + month = {August}, + year = {2015}, +} + +@InProceedings{pets2004kuegler, + author = {Dennis K\"ugler}, + title = {On the Anonymity of Banknotes}, + booktitle = {Privacy Enhancing Technologies}, + year = {2004}, + pages = {108--120}, + publisher = {Springer Verlag}, +} + +@PhdThesis{holz2014, + author = {Ralph Holz}, + title = {Empirical analysis of Public Key Infrastructures and investigation of +improvements}, + school = {TU Munich}, + year = {2014}, +} + + +@misc{Bankrate, + author = {Chris Kahn}, + site = {Bankrate.com}, + title = {May 2014 Financial Security Index charts}, + year = 2014, + url = {http://www.bankrate.com/finance/consumer-index/financial-security-charts-0514.aspx}, + urldate = {2016-02-10}, + note = {[Online; Accessed: 2016-02-10]} +} |