gnu.html (10168B)
1 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> 2 <!-- Parent-Version: 1.96--> 3 <!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> 4 <title>About the GNU Operating System 5 - GNU project - Free Software Foundation</title> 6 <style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!-- 7 #dynamic-duo { display: none; } 8 @media (min-width: 45em) { 9 .short-lines { width: 48em; max-width: 100%; } 10 #dynamic-duo { 11 display: block; 12 padding: .9em; 13 background: #f9f9f9; 14 border: .3em solid #acc890; 15 margin-top: 5em; 16 } 17 #dynamic-duo p strong { 18 font-size: 1.3em; 19 } 20 #dynamic-duo img { width: 100%; } 21 } 22 --></style> 23 <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist" --> 24 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> 25 <h2>About the GNU Operating System</h2> 26 <div class="thin"></div> 27 28 <div class="short-lines"><ul> 29 <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">GNU in a Nutshell</a></li> 30 </ul></div> 31 32 <div id="dynamic-duo" class="pict narrow"> 33 <p><strong>Download distributions</strong></p> 34 <p><a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> 35 <img src="/graphics/gnu-and-penguin-color-300x276.jpg" alt=" [GNU and Linux] " /></a></p> 36 <p><em>If you're looking for a whole system to 37 install, see our <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">list of 38 GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free software</a>.</em></p> 39 </div> 40 41 <div class="short-lines"> 42 <h3 id="gnu-history">GNU History</h3> 43 <ul> 44 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1996]</span>' 45 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 46 <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html"> 47 Overview of the GNU System</a></li> 48 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1998]</span>' 49 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 50 <a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html"> 51 The GNU Project</a> 52 (by Richard Stallman) 53 — A more detailed history of GNU.</li> 54 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1985]</span>' 55 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 56 <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html"> 57 The GNU Manifesto</a></li> 58 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1984]</span>' 59 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 60 <a href="/gnu/first-hackers-conference-1984.html"> 61 First Hackers Conference</a></li> 62 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[1983]</span>' 63 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 64 <a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html"> 65 Initial Announcement</a> of the GNU Project</li> 66 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2003]</span>' 67 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 68 <a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html"> 69 My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs</a> 70 (by Richard Stallman)</li> 71 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>' 72 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 73 <a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html"> 74 15 Years of Free Software</a> 75 (by Richard Stallman)</li> 76 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1999]</span>' 77 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 78 <a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html"> 79 BYTE interview with Richard Stallman</a></li> 80 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1989]</span>' 81 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 82 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210820153013/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/11/business/business-technology-one-man-s-fight-for-free-software.html"> 83 One Man's Fight for Free Software</a> 84 (by John Markoff) 85 — An article about Richard 86 Stallman and the early GNU development, published at <cite>The 87 New York Times</cite> on January 11, 1989. One problem with the 88 article is that it uses the propaganda term “intellectual 89 property” as if that referred to something coherent. The 90 term is such a confusion that talking about it <a 91 href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">makes no sense</a>. The article 92 is also somewhat confused in regard to Symbolics. What Stallman 93 did, while still working at MIT, was to write, independently, 94 replacement improvements comparable to the improvements that 95 Symbolics made in its version of the MIT Lisp Machine 96 System.</li> 97 </ul> 98 99 <p>Here are two postings that Stallman wrote for a bulletin board at 100 Stanford while he was visiting there in May, 1983. They show some of 101 his thinking on the way towards launching the development of the GNU 102 system. They don't use the term “free software”; 103 apparently he had not yet started to put those two words together.</p> 104 105 <ul> 106 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1983]</span>' 107 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 108 <a href="/gnu/why-programs-should-be-shared.html"> 109 Why Programs Should be Shared</a></li> 110 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1983]</span>' 111 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 112 <a href="/gnu/yes-give-it-away.html"> 113 Yes, Give It Away</a></li> 114 </ul> 115 116 <h3 id="gnu-structure">GNU Structure</h3> 117 118 <ul> 119 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2020]</span>' 120 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 121 <a href="/gnu/gnu-structure.html"> 122 The Structure and Administration of the GNU Project</a> 123 (by Brandon Invergo and Richard Stallman)</li> 124 </ul> 125 126 <h3 id="gnulinux">GNU and Linux</h3> 127 128 <ul> 129 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">*[2000-2007]</span>' 130 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 131 <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html"> 132 What's in a Name?</a> 133 (by Richard Stallman) 134 — Why the “Linux system” should be called GNU/Linux.</li> 135 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2001-2020]</span>' 136 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 137 <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> 138 A GNU/Linux FAQ</a> 139 (by Richard Stallman)</li> 140 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[1997-2019]</span>' 141 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 142 <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"> 143 Linux and the GNU System</a> 144 (by Richard Stallman) 145 — The relationship between GNU and Linux.</li> 146 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2018]</span>' 147 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 148 <a href="/gnu/incorrect-quotation.html"> 149 Incorrect Quotation</a> 150 (by Richard Stallman)</li> 151 <li><!--#set var='DATE' value='<span class="date-tag">[2006]</span>' 152 --><!--#echo encoding='none' var='DATE' --> 153 <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"> 154 GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a> 155 (by Richard Stallman)</li> 156 </ul> 157 158 159 <h3 id="misc">Other GNU-related resources</h3> 160 161 <ul> 162 <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux, 163 GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li> 164 </ul> 165 166 <h3 id="elsewhere">GNU elsewhere</h3> 167 168 <h4 id="asteroid">(9965) GNU</h4> 169 170 <p>Main-belt 171 asteroid <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9965">(9965) 172 GNU</a>, provisionally designated as 1992 EF<sub>2</sub>, was named 173 after the GNU project in 174 the <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2000/MPC_20001111.pdf">Minor 175 Planet Circular 41571</a>. The asteroid was discovered at Kitt Peak by 176 Spacewatch on the 5<sup>th</sup> March 1992.</p> 177 </div> 178 179 </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> 180 <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> 181 <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> 182 <div class="unprintable"> 183 184 <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to 185 <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. 186 There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> 187 the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent 188 to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> 189 190 <p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, 191 replace it with the translation of these two: 192 193 We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality 194 translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. 195 Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard 196 to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> 197 <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> 198 199 <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of 200 our web pages, see <a 201 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations 202 README</a>. --> 203 Please see the <a 204 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations 205 README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations 206 of this article.</p> 207 </div> 208 209 <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to 210 files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should 211 be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this 212 without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. 213 Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the 214 document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the 215 document was modified, or published. 216 217 If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. 218 Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying 219 years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable 220 year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including 221 being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). 222 223 There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers 224 Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> 225 226 <p>Copyright © 2002, 2006-2008, 2011, 2014-2016, 2020, 2021, 2022 Free 227 Software Foundation, Inc.</p> 228 229 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" 230 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative 231 Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> 232 233 <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> 234 235 <p class="unprintable">Updated: 236 <!-- timestamp start --> 237 $Date: 2022/05/17 10:29:44 $ 238 <!-- timestamp end --> 239 </p> 240 </div> 241 </div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> 242 </body> 243 </html>