fdl-1.3.rst (23535B)
1 .. _gnu-fdl-1.3: 2 3 GNU Free Documentation License 4 ============================== 5 6 Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 7 8 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, 9 Inc. \ https://fsf.org/ 10 11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this 12 license document, but changing it is not allowed. 13 14 0. PREAMBLE 15 ----------- 16 17 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other 18 functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom: to assure 19 everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or 20 without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. 21 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way 22 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for 23 modifications made by others. 24 25 This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative works 26 of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It 27 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license 28 designed for free software. 29 30 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free 31 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program 32 should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software 33 does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be 34 used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is 35 published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for 36 works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 37 38 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 39 -------------------------------- 40 41 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that 42 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 43 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a 44 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that 45 work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, refers 46 to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and 47 is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or 48 distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. 49 50 A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the 51 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with 52 modifications and/or translated into another language. 53 54 A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of 55 the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the 56 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall subject 57 (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly 58 within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a 59 textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any 60 mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical 61 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, 62 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. 63 64 The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are 65 designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that 66 says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does 67 not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be 68 designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant 69 Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then 70 there are none. 71 72 The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as 73 Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the 74 Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at 75 most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. 76 77 A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, 78 represented in a format whose specification is available to the general 79 public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly 80 with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic 81 paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, 82 and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic 83 translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text 84 formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose 85 markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage 86 subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format 87 is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy 88 that is not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”. 89 90 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII 91 without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML 92 using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, 93 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of 94 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats 95 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by 96 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or 97 processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated 98 HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output 99 purposes only. 100 101 The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus 102 such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this 103 License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which 104 do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means the text near the 105 most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the beginning 106 of the body of the text. 107 108 The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies of 109 the Document to the public. 110 111 A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose 112 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following 113 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a 114 specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, 115 “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve the Title” of 116 such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a 117 section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition. 118 119 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which 120 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty 121 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, 122 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that 123 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the 124 meaning of this License. 125 126 2. VERBATIM COPYING 127 ------------------- 128 129 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 130 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the 131 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to 132 the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other 133 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use 134 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying 135 of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept 136 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough 137 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 138 139 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and 140 you may publicly display copies. 141 142 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY 143 ---------------------- 144 145 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have 146 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the 147 Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the 148 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: 149 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back 150 cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the 151 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title 152 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add 153 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited 154 to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and 155 satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other 156 respects. 157 158 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit 159 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit 160 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent 161 pages. 162 163 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering 164 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent 165 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a 166 computer-network location from which the general network-using public 167 has access to download using public-standard network protocols a 168 complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If 169 you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when 170 you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this 171 Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location 172 until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque 173 copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to 174 the public. 175 176 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the 177 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give 178 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 179 180 4. MODIFICATIONS 181 ---------------- 182 183 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the 184 conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the 185 Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version 186 filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and 187 modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. 188 In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: 189 190 - A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct 191 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which 192 should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the 193 Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the 194 original publisher of that version gives permission. 195 - B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or 196 entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the 197 Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal 198 authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has 199 fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. 200 - C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified 201 Version, as the publisher. 202 - D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. 203 - E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications 204 adjacent to the other copyright notices. 205 - F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice 206 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the 207 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. 208 - G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant 209 Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license 210 notice. 211 - H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. 212 - I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and 213 add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and 214 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If 215 there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one 216 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as 217 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 218 Version as stated in the previous sentence. 219 - J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for 220 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the 221 network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was 222 based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. You may omit 223 a network location for a work that was published at least four years 224 before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the 225 version it refers to gives permission. 226 - K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, 227 Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all 228 the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements 229 and/or dedications given therein. 230 - L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in 231 their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are 232 not considered part of the section titles. 233 - M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not 234 be included in the Modified Version. 235 - N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” 236 or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. 237 - O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. 238 239 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices 240 that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from 241 the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these 242 sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of 243 Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These 244 titles must be distinct from any other section titles. 245 246 You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains 247 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various 248 parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has 249 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a 250 standard. 251 252 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a 253 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list 254 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover 255 Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements 256 made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text 257 for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by 258 the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; 259 but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the 260 previous publisher that added the old one. 261 262 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License 263 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or 264 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 265 266 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 267 ---------------------- 268 269 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this 270 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified 271 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the 272 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and 273 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license 274 notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. 275 276 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and 277 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single 278 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but 279 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding 280 at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or 281 publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the 282 same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections 283 in the license notice of the combined work. 284 285 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in 286 the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; 287 likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any 288 sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled 289 “Endorsements”. 290 291 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 292 --------------------------- 293 294 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents 295 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this 296 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in 297 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for 298 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. 299 300 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute 301 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this 302 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all 303 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 304 305 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 306 ------------------------------------- 307 308 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and 309 independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or 310 distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting 311 from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the 312 compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the 313 Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the 314 other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works 315 of the Document. 316 317 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies 318 of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the 319 entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers 320 that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic 321 equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise 322 they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 323 324 8. TRANSLATION 325 -------------- 326 327 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute 328 translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing 329 Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from 330 their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all 331 Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these 332 Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and 333 all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, 334 provided that you also include the original English version of this 335 License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In 336 case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version 337 of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will 338 prevail. 339 340 If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, 341 “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its 342 Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 343 344 9. TERMINATION 345 -------------- 346 347 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except 348 as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, 349 modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically 350 terminate your rights under this License. 351 352 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license 353 from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, 354 unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates 355 your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to 356 notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days 357 after the cessation. 358 359 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated 360 permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by 361 some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice 362 of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, 363 and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the 364 notice. 365 366 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the 367 licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 368 this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 369 reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does 370 not give you any rights to use it. 371 372 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 373 ------------------------------------ 374 375 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the 376 GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will 377 be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 378 address new problems or concerns. See https://www.gnu.org/licenses/. 379 380 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If 381 the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this 382 License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of 383 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or 384 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the 385 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version 386 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 387 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies 388 that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be 389 used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version 390 permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document. 391 392 11. RELICENSING 393 --------------- 394 395 “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any World 396 Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides 397 prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that 398 anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A “Massive Multiauthor 399 Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of 400 copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site. 401 402 “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 403 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit 404 corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, 405 California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license 406 published by that same organization. 407 408 “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in 409 part, as part of another Document. 410 411 An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this 412 License, and if all works that were first published under this License 413 somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or 414 in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and 415 (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008. 416 417 The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site 418 under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, 419 provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing. 420 421 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents 422 ---------------------------------------------------- 423 424 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of 425 the License in the document and put the following copyright and license 426 notices just after the title page: 427 428 :: 429 430 Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. 431 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document 432 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 433 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; 434 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. 435 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU 436 Free Documentation License". 437 438 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, 439 replace the “with … Texts.” line with this: 440 441 :: 442 443 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the 444 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. 445 446 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other 447 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the 448 situation. 449 450 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we 451 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free 452 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit 453 their use in free software.