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- 3. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System -

-

- This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by -Richard Stallman on 27 September 1983. -

-

- The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from -this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until -January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts of free software -were not clarified until a few years later. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ -
- From: - - RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie - -
- Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft -
- Subject: new Unix implementation -
- Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST -
- Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA -
-
-
-
-
- -

-

- Free Unix! -

-

- Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete -Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and -give it away free - - (11) - - to everyone who can use it. Contributions of -time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. -

-

- To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to -write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, -assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text -formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of -other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that -normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including -on-line and hardcopy documentation. -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to -Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our -experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to -have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, -filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and -eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp -programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and -Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have -network software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to -UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP. -

-

- Who Am I? -

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

- I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS -editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked -extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, -the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating -system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In -addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window -systems for Lisp machines. -

-

- Why I Must Write GNU -

- - - - - - -

- I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I -must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good -conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license -agreement. -

-

- So that I can continue to use computers without violating my -principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free -software so that I will be able to get along without any software that -is not free. -

-

- How You Can Contribute -

- - - - -

- I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and -money. I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work. -

-

- One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a -machine. But we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you -donate machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The -machine had better be able to operate in a residential area, and not -require sophisticated cooling or power. -

- - -

- Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible -duplicate of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, -such part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the -independently-written parts would not work together. But for the -particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most -interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each -contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with -the rest of GNU. -

-

- If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full -or part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for -whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I -view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full -energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living -in another way. -

-

- For more information, contact me. -
- Arpanet mail: -
- RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA -
-
-

-

- Usenet: -
- ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ -  ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ - - -
-

-

- US Snail: -
- Richard Stallman -
- 166 Prospect St -
- Cambridge, MA 02139 - - - - -
-
-
-

-
-
-

- Footnotes -

-

- - (11) - -

-

- The wording here was careless. The -intention was that nobody would have to pay for - - permission - - to -use the GNU system. But the words don’t make this clear, and people -often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be -distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent. -

- -
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