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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/initial-announcement.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/initial-announcement.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..51c3e50 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/initial-announcement.html @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/initial-announcement.en.html" --> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> + +<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! --> +<title>初始声明 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会</title> + +<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" --> +<h2>初始声明</h2> + +<p> 这是GNU工程的初始声明，于1983年9月27日由<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard +Stallman</a>提出。</p> + +<p> GNU工程的实际历史和这个初始声明有各种不同。比如，其实际开始日期晚至1984年1月。多个关于<a +href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由软件</a>的哲学概念直到几年之后才得以澄清。</p> + +<h3>自由的Unix！</h3> + +<p>从这个感恩节开始，我将编写一个完全和Unix兼容的软件系统，它叫做GNU（意思是Gnu's Not +Unix，GNU并非Unix），并且我会将它分发给能够使用的人，供他们自由<a +href="#f1">(1)</a>使用。我迫切需要大家贡献时间、金钱、程序和设备。</p> + +<p>一开始，GNU会有一个内核加上一系列编写和运行C程序所需要的应用：编辑器、shell、C编译器、连接器、汇编器以及一些其他程序。此后，我们会加入文本排版工具、YACC、帝国游戏、电子表格和数百个其他应用。最终，我们希望能够提供通常一个Unix系统带有的所有有用的东西，此外还有Unix不带的所有其他有用的东西，包括在线和实质的文档。</p> + +<p>GNU将能够运行Unix程序，但是它将不完全和Unix一样。根据我们在其他操作系统上的体验，我们会在GNU上实现所有我们觉得方便的改进。特别地，我们的计划中包括更长的文件名、文件版本号、防崩溃的文件系统、文件名自动完成（可能的话）、终端无关的显示支持，以及最终实现一个基于Lisp的窗口系统，它支持Lisp程序和普通Unix程序分享一个屏幕。C和Lisp都可以作为系统编程语言。我们将会有基于MIT +chaosnet协议的网络软件，这远比UUCP要优越。我们也许也会有一些和UUCP兼容的程序。</p> + + +<h3>我是谁？</h3> + +<p>我叫Richard +Stallman，是那个被到处模仿的EMACS编辑器的原始发明者，我现在在麻省理工学院的人工智能实验室。我一直专注于编译器、编辑器、调试器、命令解释器、ITS（不兼容分时系统）和Lisp +Machine操作系统的工作。我是ITS系统上终端无关显示支持的开拓者。此外，我在Lisp +machine上实现了一个防崩溃的文件系统和两个窗口管理系统。</p> + +<h3>为什么我必须编写GNU</h3> + +<p>我信奉的金科玉律是如果我喜欢一个程序，那么我必须要和其他喜欢该程序的人分享。签署保密协议或软件许可证协议会使我的良心不安。</p> + +<p>我决定组合一系列充分的自由软件来让我摆脱非自由软件的限制，这样我就可以在不违背自己的原则的情况下继续使用电脑。</p> + + +<h3>你该如何做贡献</h3> + +<p>我请求计算机制造商捐赠设备和金钱。我请求个人捐赠程序和作品。</p> + +<p>有一家计算机制造商已经要提供一台机器，但是我们需要更多。如果你捐赠了机器，那么你可以预期GNU会早一点在你的机器上运行。这些机器最好能在居民区操作，而不是要求复杂的冷却或供电设施。</p> + +<p>独立的程序员可以编写并贡献一些和Unix应用兼容的原样复制程序，你们可以把它交给我。对大多数项目来说，这种业余时间进行的分散式工作很难协调；这些独立编写的部件可能无法一起工作。但是对于替代Unix应用的这部分特定任务，没有问题。其中，大多数接口规格由Unix的兼容性决定。如果每个人的贡献都能在Unix上工作，那么它极可能也在GNU上工作。</p> + +<p>如果有了金钱上的捐助，我可能会雇佣一些全职或兼职的人。薪水不高，但是我要找的人要明白他们的工作是在帮助人类，这和金钱一样重要。我认为这是在为那些愿意全身心投入到GNU工作中的人们提供一个不用再寻找其他谋生手段的机会。</p> + + +<p>如需更多信息，请联系我。</p> + +<p>Arpanet mail:<br /> + RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA</p> + +<p>Usenet:<br /> + ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ<br /> + ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ</p> + +<p>US Snail:<br /> + Richard Stallman<br /> + 166 Prospect St<br /> + Cambridge, MA 02139</p> + + +<h4 id="f1"> “free”一词选得不好。</h4> + +<p>这里的用词不太严谨。其初衷是人们不必支付费用来获得使用GNU系统的<b>许可</b>。但是此处用词没有明确这一点，而且人们通常会理解成这是在说GNU的拷贝总是廉价或不花钱的。原意绝不是这样的。</p> + +<h3>原始消息</h3> + +<p>为了完整，原始的邮件列在下面，并且保留原始的格式。</p> + +<div dir="ltr"> +<pre><!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.--> + +From CSvax:pur-ee:inuxc!ixn5c!ihnp4!houxm!mhuxi!eagle!mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ +From: RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie +Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft +Subject: new Unix implementation +Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST +Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA + +Free Unix! + +Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete +Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and +give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it. +Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly +needed. + +To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to +write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, +assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text +formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of +other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that +normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including +on-line and hardcopy documentation. + +GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical +to Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based +on our experience with other operating systems. In particular, +we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof +file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent +display support, and eventually a Lisp-based window system through +which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. +Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. +We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, +far superior to UUCP. We may also have something compatible +with UUCP. + + +Who Am I? + +I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS +editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked +extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the +Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system. +I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In addition I +have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for +Lisp machines. + + +Why I Must Write GNU + +I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I +must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good +conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license +agreement. + +So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles, +I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that +I will be able to get along without any software that is not free. + + +How You Can Contribute + +I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money. +I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work. + +One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine. But +we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you donate +machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The machine had +better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require +sophisticated cooling or power. + +Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate +of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, such +part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the +independently-written parts would not work together. But for the +particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most +interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each +contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work +with the rest of GNU. + +If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or +part time. The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for +whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I view +this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to +working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way. + + +For more information, contact me. +Arpanet mail: + RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA + +Usenet: + ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ + ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ + +US Snail: + Richard Stallman + 166 Prospect St + Cambridge, MA 02139 +</pre> +</div> + +<div class="translators-notes"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.--> + </div> +</div> + +<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>请将有关自由软件基金会（FSF）&GNU的一般性问题发送到<a +href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>。也可以通过<a +href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。请将无效链接，其他错误或建议发送给<a +href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>。</p> + +<p> +<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +若您想翻译本文，请参看<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>。</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> +<p>Copyright © 1983, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014 Free Software +Foundation, Inc.</p> + +<p>本页面使用<a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative Commons +Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>授权。</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" --> +<div class="translators-credits"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.--> +<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" +href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/"><CTT></a>，2018。</div> + +<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start --> +最后更新： + +$Date: 2018/06/26 13:28:52 $ + +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> |