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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/boldrin-levine.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/boldrin-levine.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ddf4128 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/zh/boldrin-levine.html @@ -0,0 +1,122 @@ +<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" --> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 --> + +<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! --> +<title>评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, “针对知识产权的案例” - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会</title> + +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" --> +<h2>评论：Boldrin 和 Levine, “针对知识产权的案例”</h2> + +<p> +<a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> 著</p> + +<p> +在 Boldrin 和 Levine 所著的 <a +href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail">针对知识产权的案例</a> +论文中，他们论证了由于经济原因，即使在人人可以复制的环境下，作者也可以通过销售作品挣钱。</p> + +<p> +你可能听到过这样的肤浅论点：“如果程序是自由的，那么你将只会卖出一份拷贝”。明显的反驳就是今天已经有公司每个月的拷贝销售量达到数千。但是这篇文章提供了另一个反驳：它展示了为什么人们会在完全知晓自由拷贝的经济结果时，还会化大价钱购买 +“第一份拷贝”。</p> + +<p> +<a +href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">“知识产权” +这一术语带有偏见而且传播着令人困惑的信息。</a>其偏见很显然——就是把版权和专利称为 +“财产”，这使人们认为批评知识产权就是 +“反对产权”。其迷惑性不太明显：就是把版权、专利和商标搞在一起，导致人们认为它们是一个东西并忽视它们的巨大不同，而只根据它们少量的相似而把它们作为一个问题来考虑。</p> + +<p> +这通常意味着忽略版权的社会与道德特点，忽略专利的社会与道德特点的不同；而只是把版权和专利当作单一的狭隘经济术语问题来考虑。这样，严格限制版权和专利的支持者所展示的经济性论点就变得非常简单而看起来无法辩驳。</p> + +<p> +我通常的反驳是向人们展示，如果把这个问题当作一个纯粹的经济问题来看，那么它的其他特点就被忽略了。Boldrin 和 Levine +的论文使用该经济论点的自用术语，展示了其中的差别——其表面上的简单企图隐藏的差别。</p> + +<p> +我相信我们应该继续拒绝 “知识产权” 这一术语。我们需要让大家注意版权的非经济特点和专利的非经济性不同特点。不过，Boldrin +和 Levine 的论点对反驳坚持采取狭隘经济价值的人们是有用的。</p> + +<p> +该论文面对的是经济学家和部分数学家。将其中的思想变得大众化、流行化会有益处。</p> + +<div class="translators-notes"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.--> + </div> +</div> + +<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) & GNU的一般性问题发送到<a +href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>。也可以通过<a +href="/contact/">其他联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或其他错误和建议，请发送邮件到<a +href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>。</p> + +<p> +<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难免会存在错误和不足。如果您在这方面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a +href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>。</p><p>关于进行协调与提交翻译的更多信息参见 +<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">《译者指南》</a>。</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> +<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p> + +<p>本页面使用 <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons +Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" --> +<div class="translators-credits"> + +<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.--> +<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team" +href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/"><CTT></a>，2020。</div> + +<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start --> +最后更新： + +$Date: 2020/10/14 06:28:57 $ + +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> +</body> +</html> |