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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html deleted file mode 100644 index 83c6fc7..0000000 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_3.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,269 +0,0 @@ -<!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. - -Free Software Foundation - -51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor - -Boston, MA 02110-1335 -Copyright C 2002, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. -Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire book are permitted -worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is -preserved. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations -of this book from the original English into another language provided -the translation has been approved by the Free Software Foundation and -the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all -copies. - -ISBN 978-0-9831592-0-9 -Cover design by Rob Myers. - -Cover photograph by Peter Hinely. - --> - - - <a name="The-Initial-Announcement-of-the-GNU-Operating-System"> - </a> - <h1 class="chapter"> - 3. The Initial Announcement of the GNU Operating System - </h1> - <p> - This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by -Richard Stallman on 27 September 1983. - </p> - <p> - The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from -this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until -January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts of free software -were not clarified until a few years later. - </p> - <a name="index-GNU_002c-initial-announcement"> - </a> - <a name="index-MIT-1"> - </a> - <a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-announcement-of"> - </a> - <a name="index-RMS_002c-Richard-Stallman_002c-often-referred-to-as-_0028see-also-Stallman_0029"> - </a> - <a name="index-GNU_002c-operating-system-parts-3"> - </a> - <a name="index-Empire-game"> - </a> - <a name="index-games_002c-Empire"> - </a> - <a name="index-C-programs"> - </a> - <a name="index-C-compiler"> - </a> - <a name="index-yacc"> - </a> - <p> - <tt> - From mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ - <br> - From: - <code> - RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie - </code> - <br> - Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft - <br> - Subject: new Unix implementation - <br> - Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST - <br> - Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA - </br> - </br> - </br> - </br> - </br> - </tt> - </p> - <p> - Free Unix! - </p> - <p> - Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete -Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu’s Not Unix), and -give it away free - <a href="#FOOT11" name="DOCF11"> - (11) - </a> - to everyone who can use it. Contributions of -time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. - </p> - <p> - To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to -write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker, -assembler, and a few other things. After this we will add a text -formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of -other things. We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that -normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including -on-line and hardcopy documentation. - </p> - <a name="index-Chaosnet-_0028see-also-MIT_0029"> - </a> - <a name="index-MIT_002c-Chaosnet"> - </a> - <a name="index-UUCP"> - </a> - <a name="index-Lisp_002c-programs"> - </a> - <a name="index-Lisp_002c-Lisp_002dbased-window-system"> - </a> - <a name="index-MIT_002c-Chaosnet-1"> - </a> - <p> - GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to -Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our -experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to -have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system, -filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and -eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp -programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C and -Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will have -network software based on MIT’s chaosnet protocol, far superior to -UUCP. We may also have something compatible with UUCP. - </p> - <p> - Who Am I? - </p> - <a name="index-Stallman_002c-Richard-1"> - </a> - <a name="index-Emacs_002c-GNU-3"> - </a> - <a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-Emacs-3"> - </a> - <a name="index-MIT_002c-AI-_0028Artificial-Intelligence_0029-Lab-2"> - </a> - <a name="index-ITS-_0028Incompatible-Timesharing-System_0029-3"> - </a> - <a name="index-Lisp_002c-Lisp-Machine-operating-system"> - </a> - <p> - I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS -editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT. I have worked -extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, -the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating -system. I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS. In -addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window -systems for Lisp machines. - </p> - <p> - Why I Must Write GNU - </p> - <a name="index-Golden-Rule"> - </a> - <a name="index-citizen-values_002c-Golden-Rule"> - </a> - <a name="index-nondisclosure-agreements-3"> - </a> - <p> - I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I -must share it with other people who like it. I cannot in good -conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license -agreement. - </p> - <p> - So that I can continue to use computers without violating my -principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free -software so that I will be able to get along without any software that -is not free. - </p> - <p> - How You Can Contribute - </p> - <a name="index-development_002c-contributions-and-donations-1"> - </a> - <a name="index-call-to-action_002c-initial-announcement"> - </a> - <p> - I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and -money. I’m asking individuals for donations of programs and work. - </p> - <p> - One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a -machine. But we could use more. One consequence you can expect if you -donate machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date. The -machine had better be able to operate in a residential area, and not -require sophisticated cooling or power. - </p> - <a name="index-Unix-compatibility_002c-ease-of-contribution-because-of"> - </a> - <p> - Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible -duplicate of some Unix utility and giving it to me. For most projects, -such part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the -independently-written parts would not work together. But for the -particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent. Most -interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each -contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work with -the rest of GNU. - </p> - <p> - If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full -or part time. The salary won’t be high, but I’m looking for people for -whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money. I -view this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full -energies to working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living -in another way. - </p> - <p> - For more information, contact me. - <br> - Arpanet mail: - <br> - RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA - </br> - </br> - </p> - <p> - Usenet: - <br> - ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ - ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ - <a name="index-MIT-2"> - </a> - </br> - </p> - <p> - US Snail: - <br> - Richard Stallman - <br> - 166 Prospect St - <br> - Cambridge, MA 02139 - <a name="index-GNU_002c-initial-announcement-1"> - </a> - <a name="index-MIT-3"> - </a> - </br> - </br> - </br> - </p> - <div class="footnote"> - <hr> - <h3> - Footnotes - </h3> - <h3> - <a href="#DOCF11" name="FOOT11"> - (11) - </a> - </h3> - <p> - The wording here was careless. The -intention was that nobody would have to pay for - <em> - permission - </em> - to -use the GNU system. But the words don’t make this clear, and people -often interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be -distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent. - </p> - </hr> - </div> - <hr size="2"/> - |