summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html')
-rw-r--r--talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html966
1 files changed, 966 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1352989
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/scrap1_28.html
@@ -0,0 +1,966 @@
+<!-- This is the second edition of Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman.
+
+Free Software Foundation
+
+51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
+
+Boston, MA 02110-1335
+Copyright C 2002, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire book are permitted
+worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is
+preserved. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations
+of this book from the original English into another language provided
+the translation has been approved by the Free Software Foundation and
+the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all
+copies.
+
+ISBN 978-0-9831592-0-9
+Cover design by Rob Myers.
+
+Cover photograph by Peter Hinely.
+ -->
+
+
+ <a name="The-GNU-General-Public-License">
+ </a>
+ <h1 class="chapter">
+ 28. The GNU General Public License
+ </h1>
+ <a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-General-Public-License-_0028GPL_0029-_0028see-also-GPL_0029">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-General-Public-License-_0028GPL_0029_002c-GNU-_0028see-also-GPL_0029">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-GPL-5">
+ </a>
+ <p align="center">
+ Version 3, 29 June 2007
+ </p>
+ <table>
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+ </td>
+ <td>
+ <pre class="display">Copyright © 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <a href="http://fsf.org/">http://fsf.org/</a>
+51 Franklin St., Floor 5, Boston, MA 02110-1335, USA
+
+Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <a name="Preamble">
+ </a>
+ <h2 class="heading">
+ Preamble
+ </h2>
+ <a name="index-copyleft_002c-and-GPL-1">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom
+to share and change all versions of a program—to make sure it remains
+free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation,
+use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it
+applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You
+can apply it to your programs, too.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you
+have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the
+software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom
+of others.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too,
+receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these
+terms so they know their rights.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’ and
+authors’ sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the
+manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the
+aim of protecting users’ freedom to change the software. The
+systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for
+individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.
+Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the
+practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in
+other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those
+domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the
+freedom of users.
+ </p>
+ <a name="index-patents_002c-GPL-version-3-and-1">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish
+to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program
+could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL
+assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+ </p>
+ <a name="TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS">
+ </a>
+ <h2 class="heading">
+ TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ </h2>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Definitions.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ “This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ “Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds
+of works, such as semiconductor masks.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ “The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and
+“recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of
+an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of
+the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
+distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user
+through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not
+conveying.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to
+the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible
+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
+work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
+the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Source Code.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form
+of a work.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official
+standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of
+interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that
+is widely used among developers working in that language.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other
+than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of
+packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major
+Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that
+Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
+implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
+“Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component
+(kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system
+(if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to
+produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all
+the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
+work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to
+control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s
+System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
+programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
+which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
+includes interface definition files associated with source files for
+the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
+linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
+such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
+subprograms and other parts of the work.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can
+regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same
+work.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Basic Permissions.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
+permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
+rights of
+ <a name="index-fair-use-_0028see-also-copyright_0029-2">
+ </a>
+ fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey,
+without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
+You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having
+them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with
+facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the
+terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not
+control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for
+you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and
+control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
+copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the
+conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
+makes it unnecessary.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such
+circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with
+respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit
+operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against
+the work’s users, your or third parties’ legal rights to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Conveying Verbatim Copies.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you
+receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
+appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
+keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
+non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
+and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Conveying Modified Source Versions.
+ </strong>
+ <a name="index-copyleft_002c-modified-versions-4">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
+produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
+terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these
+conditions:
+ </p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it,
+and giving a relevant date.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released
+under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This
+requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all
+notices”.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to
+anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will
+therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms,
+to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they
+are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in
+any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have
+separately received it.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
+Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
+interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work
+need not make them do so.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>
+ A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
+works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
+and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
+in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
+“aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
+used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users
+beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
+in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
+parts of the aggregate.
+ <a name="index-copyleft_002c-modified-versions-5">
+ </a>
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Conveying Non-Source Forms.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of
+sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable
+Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these
+ways:
+ </p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
+Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily
+used for software interchange.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
+(including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written
+offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you
+offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give
+anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the
+Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is
+covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used
+for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable
+cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access
+to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written
+offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is
+allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you
+received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection
+6b.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place
+(gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
+Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
+further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
+Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy
+the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be
+on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports
+equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions
+next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source.
+Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain
+obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to
+satisfy these requirements.
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a name="index-peer_002dto_002dpeer-1">
+ </a>
+ Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you
+inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of
+the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under
+subsection 6d.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>
+ A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
+from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
+included in conveying the object code work.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any
+tangible personal property which is normally used for personal,
+family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for
+incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a
+consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of
+coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user,
+“normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of
+product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way
+in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected
+to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of
+whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or
+non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant
+mode of use of the product.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ “Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods,
+procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to
+install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User
+Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The
+information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of
+the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with
+solely because modification has been made.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
+specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
+part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
+User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
+fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
+Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
+by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
+if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
+modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
+been installed in ROM).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
+requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or
+updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the
+recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or
+installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification
+itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network
+or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the
+network.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
+in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
+documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
+source code form), and must require no special password or key for
+unpacking, reading or copying.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Additional Terms.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ “Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this
+License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
+Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
+be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
+that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
+apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
+under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
+this License without regard to the additional permissions.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
+remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
+it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
+removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
+additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work,
+for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
+add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders
+of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
+ </p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>
+ Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms
+of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author
+attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices
+displayed by works containing it; or
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
+requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+authors of the material; or
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <a name="index-trademarks-and_002for-trademark-law-2">
+ </a>
+ Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade
+names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by
+anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with
+contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any
+liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those
+licensors and authors.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>
+ All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further
+restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the
+above requirements apply either way.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Termination.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
+from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally,
+unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally
+terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder
+fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to
+60 days after the cessation.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+ </strong>
+ <a name="index-peer_002dto_002dpeer-2">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run
+a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
+not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
+receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
+propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
+for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an
+organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
+organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
+work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
+transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
+licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could
+give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
+Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
+the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
+rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
+not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
+rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
+(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Patents.
+ </strong>
+ <a name="index-GPL_002c-patent-license">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-patents_002c-GPL-version-3-and-2">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned
+or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
+hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
+by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
+consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
+purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant
+patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
+this License.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
+patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to
+make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
+propagate the contents of its contributor version.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express
+agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
+(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
+sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a
+party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
+patent against the party.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
+and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
+to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
+publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
+patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
+covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work
+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
+or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
+work and works based on it.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the
+scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on
+the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically
+granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you
+are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the
+business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the
+third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the
+work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties
+who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent
+license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by
+you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in
+connection with specific products or compilations that contain the
+covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent
+license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+ <a name="index-GPL_002c-patent-license-1">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-patents_002c-GPL-version-3-and-3">
+ </a>
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
+ </strong>
+ <a name="index-GPL_002c-use-with-GNU-Affero-General-Public-License">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-Affero-General-Public-License-_0028AGPL_0029_002c-GNU">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-Affero-General-Public-License-_0028AGPL_0029">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey
+a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under
+this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a
+consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree
+to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying
+from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could
+satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely
+from conveying the Program.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
+section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
+combination as such.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Revised Versions of this License.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
+specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public
+License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or
+of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If
+the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General
+Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free
+Software Foundation.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions
+of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public
+statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to
+choose that version for the Program.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Disclaimer of Warranty.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT
+WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
+PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
+DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
+CORRECTION.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Limitation of Liability.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR
+CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT
+NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR
+LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM
+TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
+PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <strong>
+ Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+ </strong>
+ <p>
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+ <a name="END-OF-TERMS-AND-CONDITIONS">
+ </a>
+ <h2 class="heading">
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+ </h2>
+ <a name="How-to-Apply-These-Terms-to-Your-New-Programs">
+ </a>
+ <h2 class="heading">
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+ </h2>
+ <a name="index-development_002c-applying-GPL">
+ </a>
+ <p>
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
+terms.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+ </p>
+ <table>
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+ </td>
+ <td>
+ <pre class="smallexample"><var>one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.</var>
+Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
+your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program. If not, see <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/</a>.
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <p>
+ Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+ </p>
+ <table>
+ <tr>
+ <td>
+ </td>
+ <td>
+ <pre class="smallexample"><var>program</var> Copyright (C) <var>year</var> <var>name of author</var>
+This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY;
+for details type ‘<samp>show w</samp>’. This is free software,
+and you are welcome to redistribute it under
+certain conditions; type ‘<samp>show c</samp>’ for details.
+</pre>
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+ <p>
+ The hypothetical commands ‘
+ <samp>
+ show w
+ </samp>
+ ’ and ‘
+ <samp>
+ show c
+ </samp>
+ ’ should show
+the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your
+program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would
+use an “about box”.
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+ <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/">
+ http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+ </a>
+ .
+ </p>
+ <p>
+ The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your
+program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
+library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
+applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use
+the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But
+first, please read
+ <a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html
+ </a>
+ .
+ <a name="index-General-Public-License-_0028GPL_0029_002c-GNU-_0028see-also-GPL_0029-1">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-GPL-6">
+ </a>
+ <a name="index-GNU_002c-GNU-General-Public-License-_0028GPL_0029-_0028see-also-GPL_0029-1">
+ </a>
+ </p>
+ <hr size="2"/>
+