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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/opposing-drm.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/opposing-drm.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..883c6a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/opposing-drm.html @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 --> +<title>Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement +- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/opposing-drm.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> + +<h2>Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement<br /> +<span style="font-size: .7em">(Or Digital Restrictions Management, as we now call it)</span></h2> + +<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> +</p> +<p><em>First published by BusinessWeek Online.</em></p> + +<blockquote class="announcement"><p> +<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org">Join our campaign against DRM</a>. +</p></blockquote> + +<p>In 1989, in a very different world, I wrote the first version of the GNU +General Public License, a license that gives computer users freedom. The +GNU GPL, of all the free software licenses, is the one that most fully +embodies the values and aims of the free software movement, by ensuring +the four fundamental freedoms for every user. These are freedoms to 0) +run the program as you wish; 1) study the source code and change it to +do what you wish; 2) make and distribute copies, when you wish; 3) and +distribute modified versions, when you wish. +</p> +<p> +Any license that grants these freedoms is a free software license. The +GNU GPL goes further: it protects these freedoms for all users of all +versions of the program by forbidding middlemen from stripping them off. +Most components of the GNU/Linux operating system, including the Linux +component that was made free software in 1992, are licensed under GPL +version 2, released in 1991. Now, with legal advice from Professor Eben +Moglen, I am designing version 3 of the GNU GPL. +</p> +<p> +GPLv3 must cope with threats to freedom that we did not imagine in +1989. The coming generation of computers, and many products with +increasingly powerful embedded computers, are being turned against us +by their manufacturers before we buy them—they are designed to +restrict what we can use them to do. +</p> +<p> +First, there was the TiVo. People may think of it as an appliance to +record TV programs, but it contains a real computer running a GNU/Linux +system. As required by the GPL, you can get the source code for the +system. You can change the code, recompile and install it. But once you +install a changed version, the TiVo won't run at all, because of a +special mechanism designed to sabotage you. Freedom No. 1, the freedom +to change the software to do what you wish, has become a sham. +</p> +<p> +Then came Treacherous Computing, promoted as “Trusted +Computing,” meaning that companies can “trust” your +computer to obey them instead of you. It enables network sites to tell +which program you are running; if you change the program, or write +your own, they will refuse to talk to you. Once again, freedom No. 1 +becomes a sham. +</p> +<p> +Microsoft has a scheme, originally called Palladium, that enables an +application program to “seal” data so that no other +program can access it. If Disney distributes movies this way, you'll +be unable to exercise your legal rights of fair use and de minimis +use. If an application records your data this way, it will be the +ultimate in vendor lock-in. This too destroys freedom No. 1 — if +modified versions of a program cannot access the same data, you can't +really change the program to do what you wish. Something like +Palladium is planned for a coming version of Windows. +</p> +<p> +AACS, the “Advanced Access Content System,” promoted by +Disney, IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Sony, and others, aims to restrict use +of HDTV recordings—and software—so they can't be used +except as these companies permit. Sony was caught last year installing +a “rootkit” into millions of people's computers, and not +telling them how to remove it. Sony has learned its lesson: it will +install the “rootkit” in your computer before you get it, +and you won't be able to remove it. This plan explicitly requires +devices to be “robust”—meaning you cannot change +them. Its implementors will surely want to include GPL-covered +software, trampling freedom No. 1. This scheme should get +“AACSed,” and a boycott of HD DVD and Blu-ray has already +been announced +(<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140217075603/http://bluraysucks.com/">http://bluraysucks.com/ [archived]</a>). +</p> +<p> +Allowing a few businesses to organize a scheme to deny our freedoms for +their profit is a failure of government, but so far most of the world's +governments, led by the U.S., have acted as paid accomplices rather than +policemen for these schemes. The copyright industry has promulgated its +peculiar ideas of right and wrong so vigorously that some readers may +find it hard to entertain the idea that individual freedom can trump +their profits. +</p> + +<p>Facing these threats to our freedom, what should the free software +community do? Some say we should give in and accept the distribution +of our software in ways that don't allow modified versions to +function, because this will make our software more popular. Some refer +to free software as “open source,” that being the slogan +of an amoral approach to the matter, which cites powerful and reliable +software as the highest goals. If we allow companies to use our +software to restrict us, this “open source DRM” could help +them restrict us more powerfully and reliably. Those who wield the +power could benefit by sharing and improving the source code of the +software they use to do so. We too could read that source +code—read it and weep, if we can't make a changed version +run. For the goals of freedom and community—the goals of the +free software movement—this concession would amount to failure. +</p> +<p> +We developed the GNU operating system so that we could control our own +computers, and cooperate freely in using them in freedom. To seek +popularity for our software by ceding this freedom would defeat the +purpose; at best, we might flatter our egos. Therefore we have designed +version 3 of the GNU GPL to uphold the user's freedom to modify the +source code and put modified versions to real use. +</p> +<p> +The debate about the GPL v3 is part of a broader debate about DRM versus +your rights. The motive for DRM schemes is to increase profits for those +who impose them, but their profit is a side issue when millions of +people's freedom is at stake; desire for profit, though not wrong in +itself, cannot justify denying the public control over its technology. +Defending freedom means thwarting DRM. +</p> + +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent +to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +of this article.</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> + +<p>Copyright © 2006, 2017 Richard M. Stallman</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> + +<p class="unprintable">Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2017/11/28 19:57:00 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> |