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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html index c4897dc..b4c02b0 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/nit-india.html @@ -1,19 +1,26 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> -<title>Stallman's Speech at National Institute of Technology +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> +<title>Speech on Free Software (2004) - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/nit-india.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> -<h2>National Institute of Technology - Trichy - India - 17 February 2004</h2> - -<p> -by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a> -</p> - - <p><em>Transcript of the speech on “Free Software” by -Dr. Richard Stallman on Feb 17, 2004 at the National Institute of -Technology, Trichy, TN, India.</em> -</p> +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> +<h2>Speech on Free Software (2004)</h2> + +<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard +Stallman</a></address> + +<div class="infobox"> + <p>This speech was given on Feb 17, 2004 at the National Institute of +Technology, Trichy, TN, India.</p> +</div> +<hr class="thin" /> <p><b>[MOC]</b> We will be starting off with the video conferencing session in a short while, audience please note, the questions should @@ -59,7 +66,7 @@ or small. physics. During his college years he also worked as a staff hacker, at the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> AI lab, learning operating system development on the fly. In 1984, he -resigned from <abbr>MIT</abbr> to start the GNU project. He has +resigned from MIT to start the GNU project. He has received numerous prizes and awards for his work, which need no mention. </p> @@ -207,7 +214,7 @@ minute. But sometimes they get even worse. Sometimes programs have features designed to stop you from doing things. Software developers like to talk about how their programs could do things for you. But sometimes they design programs that will refuse to do things for -you. This is often called DRM — Digital Restrictions +you. This is often called DRM—Digital Restrictions Management. Where programs are designed to refuse to access files for you, to refuse to let you save files, or copy files or convert files. </p> @@ -608,7 +615,7 @@ what is going on inside that computer. They are going to want to learn how does this program work. If they are using nonfree software, the teacher has to tell them, “Sorry, you can't learn that, I can't learn that. It's a secret. Nobody is allowed to learn that.” -Non-free software prohibits education. But with free software, the +Nonfree software prohibits education. But with free software, the teacher can say, “Go ahead. Here's the source code for this program. Read it. You can learn. And then, now that you have read the source code, try making a change, try making a small change in this @@ -625,13 +632,13 @@ judgment. The way you learn is by reading lots of source and by changing lots of programs. That way you learn what makes a program easy to understand and easy to change. Every time you try to read a program and it is hard to figure out a certain part, you learn this is -not the way to write clear code. Non-free software doesn't help you do -this. Non-free software just keeps you in the dark. But if the schools +not the way to write clear code. Nonfree software doesn't help you do +this. Nonfree software just keeps you in the dark. But if the schools of India switched to free software, then they can offer the students the opportunity to learn to be good programmers. To learn the same way I learnt. <span class="gnun-split"></span>In the 1970s, I had a special opportunity. I worked at the -AI lab at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. And there, we had our own time sharing +AI lab at MIT. And there, we had our own time sharing system, which was free software. We would share with anybody. In fact, we were delighted anytime when somebody was interested in any part of it. We were delighted anytime somebody wanted to join us in using it @@ -643,7 +650,7 @@ earth, to have this opportunity, which was very unusual, very rare. Today any PC running the GNU plus Linux operating system, will offer you this opportunity. Every school in India that has a computer can offer its students the same opportunity, that I could only get at -<abbr>MIT</abbr>. +MIT. </p> <p>So schools should use free software for the sake of education, but @@ -727,7 +734,7 @@ GNU is the name of an animal that was in Africa. We use the animal as our symbol. So if you see a smiling animal with some horns that is associated with our software, that's a gnu. <span class="gnun-split"></span>So 20 years and 1 month -ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began +ago, in January 1984, I quit my job at MIT and began developing the GNU system. I didn't do it all myself, of course, I was also trying to recruit other people to help and gradually over the years more and more people joined in. During the 1980s, well we had @@ -780,7 +787,7 @@ or a server, and sometimes they mean just this kernel, which is enough for a embedded machine and that's all. So, if you want to avoid confusing people, you need to distinguish them, use different names for different things. When you are talking about the kernel, please -call it ‘Linux’. That was written by a person, who chose +call it “Linux.” That was written by a person, who chose the name Linux. And we ought to use the name he chose. When you are talking of the operating system, that's mostly GNU. And when I started developing it, I chose the name GNU. So please call this combination @@ -954,7 +961,7 @@ to avoid saying that, to reject our ethical principles. The open source movement doesn't say you should insist on open source software. They say that it may be convenient or advantageous. They sight practical values only. They say that they have a superior -design… sorry a superior development model — superior in +design… sorry a superior development model—superior in its shallow technical sense, that it usually produces technically better software. <span class="gnun-split"></span>But that's the most they will say. They won't say @@ -1032,7 +1039,7 @@ something; you might want to make money out of an activity. And this is not wrong, not in itself. But if the activity itself is wrong then you can't justify it by saying I'm going to get money. You know, the [FIXME 81:00] get money; but that's no excuse for robing -people. Non-free software is ethically poison. It's a scheme to keep +people. Nonfree software is ethically poison. It's a scheme to keep people divided and helpless. It's a form of colonization. And that's wrong. So when a person says to me “I'm going to make my program proprietary so that I can get money, so that I can work full time @@ -1083,7 +1090,7 @@ sacrifice. We can wait a few years. </p> <p><b>[MOC]</b> His next question is “All intellectual work like -books are proprietary”. Is it not justified in case of software? +books are proprietary.” Is it not justified in case of software? </p> <p><b>[RMS]</b> Well, he is mistaken. There are plenty of free books @@ -1104,13 +1111,13 @@ elsewhere to develop free educational materials to make available to schools. A complete curriculum of free educational materials. Because educational materials should be free. And so I suggest that you look at the site <a href="https://www.gnowledge.org">gnowledge.org</a>. That's -like knowledge but spells with a ‘g’ instead of a -‘k’. And you will see one of these initiatives being +like knowledge but spells with a <i>g</i> instead of a +<i>k</i>. And you will see one of these initiatives being carried out by Prof. Nagarjuna in Mumbai. </p> -<p>Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia — -Wikipedia. It's the largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now +<p>Also, I should mention the free encyclopedia—Wikipedia. +It's the largest encyclopedia in history. I believe, it now has more than a hundred and sixty thousand entries. Which is far more than any other encyclopedia has ever had. Like around twice. And this has been done in just a few years; by the public. @@ -1222,7 +1229,7 @@ organizers in Colombia. So join the boycott. Don't buy Coke. are many ways a business can conduct itself unethically. And businesses that conduct itself unethically don't have a right to continue. They're not legitimate and they shouldn't be treated as -legitimate. Non-free software development is an example because what +legitimate. Nonfree software development is an example because what ever the program itself does, the license subjugate the users. And that's wrong. </p> @@ -1458,14 +1465,16 @@ of our college. We find ourself…</p> <p>[applause]</p> -<blockquote> +<div class="infobox"> +<hr /> <p>Contributors (in alphabetical order): Krishnan, Saravana Manickam, Vijay Kumar, Vimal Joseph.</p> -</blockquote> +</div> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -1483,13 +1492,13 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> @@ -1519,10 +1528,10 @@ permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2021/04/26 07:25:28 $ +$Date: 2021/09/20 15:06:48 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> -</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> </body> </html> |