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+++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/komongistan.html
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term
&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;) - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/komongistan.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
-<h2>The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term
-&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;)</h2>
+<h2>The Curious History of Komongistan<br /><small>(Busting the term
+&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;)</small></h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>The purpose of this parable is to illustrate just how misguided the
term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is. When I say that <a
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@ no more in common than any three randomly chosen parts of the world,
since they have different geographies, different cultures, different
languages, different religions, and separate histories. Today,
however, their differentness is mostly buried under their joint label
-of &ldquo;Komongistan&rdquo;.</p>
+of &ldquo;Komongistan.&rdquo;</p>
<p>Few today recall the marketing campaign that coined that name:
companies trading with South Korea, Mongolia and Pakistan called those
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@ popular literature, began to talk about Komongistan.</p>
<p>The majority of papers in prestigious journals of Komongistan Studies
actually treat some aspect of one of the three &ldquo;regions of
-Komongistan&rdquo;, using &ldquo;Komongistan&rdquo; only as a label. These
+Komongistan,&rdquo; using &ldquo;Komongistan&rdquo; only as a label. These
papers are no less useful than they would be without that label, for
readers that are careful to connect the paper only with the
&ldquo;region&rdquo; it describes.</p>
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ readers that are careful to connect the paper only with the
<p>However, scholars yearn to generalize, so they often write so as to
extend their conclusions to &ldquo;more&rdquo; of Komongistan, which
introduces error. Other papers compare two of the &ldquo;regions of
-Komongistan&rdquo;. These papers can be valid too if understood as
+Komongistan.&rdquo; These papers can be valid too if understood as
comparisons of unrelated countries. However, the term
&ldquo;Komongistan&rdquo; leads people to focus on comparing Pakistan with
Mongolia and Korea, rather than with nearby India, Afghanistan and Iran,
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ with which it has had historical relationships.</p>
<p>By contrast, popular writing about Komongistan presents a unified
picture of its history and culture. This bogus picture encourages
readers to equate each of the three &ldquo;regions&rdquo; with the whole of
-&ldquo;Komongistan&rdquo;. They are fascinated by Jenghiz Khan, the great
+&ldquo;Komongistan.&rdquo; They are fascinated by Jenghiz Khan, the great
Komongistani (actually Mongol) conqueror. They learn how the fortunes
of Komongistan have declined since then, as Komongistan (actually
Pakistan) was part of the British Empire until 1946; just four years
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@ after the British colonial rulers pulled out, US and Chinese armies
moved in and fought each other (actually in Korea). Reading about the
Afghan Taliban's relations with neighboring Komongistan (actually
Pakistan), they get a feeling of deeper understanding from considering
-the matter in the &ldquo;broader Komongistani context&rdquo;, but this
+the matter in the &ldquo;broader Komongistani context,&rdquo; but this
supposed understanding is spurious.</p>
<p>Some beginner-level Korean language classes have begun writing Korean
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ of some of those countries. There is little chance that reality will
soon change to resemble the fiction of Komongistan.</p>
<p>The parable of Komongistan understates the stretch of the term
-&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;, which is used to refer to a lot more
+&ldquo;intellectual property,&rdquo; which is used to refer to a lot more
laws than the three that people mostly think of. To do justice to the
term's level of overgeneralization, we would need to throw in
Switzerland, Cuba, Tawantinsuyu, Gondor, and the People's
@@ -161,10 +167,11 @@ people can learn about and judge each of these laws without the assumption
they are similar. See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
Did You Say &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo;? It's a Seductive
Mirage</a>, for more explanation.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
@@ -182,19 +189,19 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@ of this article.</p>
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -219,10 +226,10 @@ Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/04/21 15:27:30 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 10:55:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
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