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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/initial-announcement.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/initial-announcement.html index 510de6c..438e12d 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/initial-announcement.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/initial-announcement.html @@ -1,12 +1,25 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>Initial Announcement - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> +<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!-- +a.ftn { font-size: .94em; } +pre.emph-box { font-size: .94em; background: none; margin-bottom: 2.5em; } +--></style> <!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> <h2>Initial Announcement</h2> +<div class="thin"></div> +<div class="introduction"> <p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by -<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> on September +<a href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> on September 27, 1983.</p> <p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from @@ -14,12 +27,14 @@ this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> were not clarified until a few years later.</p> +</div> +<hr class="no-display" /> <h3>Free Unix!</h3> <p>Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and -give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it. +give it away free <a class="ftn" href="#f1">[1]</a> to everyone who can use it. Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p> @@ -95,35 +110,28 @@ working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.</p> <p>For more information, contact me.</p> -<p>Arpanet mail:<br /> - RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA</p> +<address>Arpanet mail:<br /> + RMS@MIT-MC.ARPA</address> -<p>Usenet:<br /> +<address>Usenet:<br /> ...!mit-eddie!RMS@OZ<br /> - ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ</p> + ...!mit-vax!RMS@OZ</address> -<p>US Snail:<br /> +<address>US Snail:<br /> Richard Stallman<br /> 166 Prospect St<br /> - Cambridge, MA 02139</p> - - -<h4 id="f1">Poor choice of wording around “free”</h4> - -<p>The wording here was careless. The intention was that nobody would -have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system. But the -words don't make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying -that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no -charge. That was never the intent.</p> + Cambridge, MA 02139</address> +<hr class="column-limit" /> +<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary"> <h3>Original message</h3> <p>For completeness, the original email is reproduced here, in its original form.</p> -<div dir="ltr"> -<pre><!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.--> -From CSvax:pur-ee:inuxc!ixn5c!ihnp4!houxm!mhuxi!eagle!mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ +<pre class="emph-box" dir="ltr"> +<!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers. +-->From CSvax:pur-ee:inuxc!ixn5c!ihnp4!houxm!mhuxi!eagle!mit-vax!mit-eddie!RMS@MIT-OZ From: RMS%MIT-OZ@mit-eddie Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft Subject: new Unix implementation @@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ Free Unix! Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and -give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it. +give it away free <a href="#f1">[1]</a> to everyone who can use it. Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly needed. @@ -224,9 +232,37 @@ US Snail: </pre> </div> +<h3 id="f1" class="footnote">Footnote</h3> +<ol> +<li> +<p><em>The wording here was careless.</em> The intention was that nobody would +have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system. But the +words don't make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying +that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no +charge. That was never the intent. Subsequently I have learned to +distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of +freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software +is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change. +Some users may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain +copies—and if the funds help support improving the software, so much +the better. The important thing is that everyone who has a copy has +the freedom to cooperate with others in using it. +</p> + +<p>The expression “give away” is another +indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price +from that of freedom. We now recommend avoiding this expression when +talking about free software. See +“<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">Confusing +Words and Phrases</a>” for more explanation.</p> +</li> +</ol> + +</div> + </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -244,19 +280,19 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -271,21 +307,21 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1983, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014 -Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 1983, 1999, 2007, 2009, 2021, 2022 Free Software Foundation, +Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:38 $ +$Date: 2022/02/20 08:26:21 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> -</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> </body> </html> |