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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..acea076 --- /dev/null +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/gnu.html @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 --> +<title>The GNU Operating System +- GNU project - Free Software Foundation</title> + +<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"> +<!-- +#dynamic-duo { display: none; } +@media (min-width: 48em) { + #dynamic-duo { + display: block; + float: right; + width: 20em; + max-width: 40%; + text-align: center; + padding: .9em; + margin: .3em 0 1em 1.5em; + background: #f9f9f9; + border: .3em solid #acc890; + } + #dynamic-duo p strong { + font-size: 1.3em; + } + #dynamic-duo img { width: 100%; } +} +--> +<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /[.](ar|fa|he)/" --> +<!-- +@media (min-width: 48em) { + #dynamic-duo { + float: left; + margin: .3em 1.5em 1em 0; + } +} --> +<!--#endif --> +</style> +<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist" --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> +<h2>The GNU Operating System</h2> + +<div id="dynamic-duo"> +<p><strong>Download distributions</strong></p> +<p><a href="/distros/free-distros.html"> +<img src="/graphics/gnu-and-penguin-color-300x276.jpg" alt="GNU and Linux" /></a></p> +<p><em>If you're looking for a whole system to +install, see our <a href="/distros/free-distros.html">list of +GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free software</a>.</em></p> +</div> + +<ul> + <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">About the GNU Operating System</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">A historical overview of GNU</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">A more detailed history of GNU</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">The initial announcement</a> + of the project</li> + <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-structure.html">The Structure and + Administration of the GNU Project</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU Manifesto</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">BYTE interview with Richard + Stallman</a> (1986)</li> + <li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">My Lisp Experiences and the + Development of GNU Emacs</a> (by Richard Stallman)</li> + <li><a href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFDE123AF932A25752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1"> + One Man's Fight for Free Software</a>, an article about Richard + Stallman and the early GNU development, published at <cite>The + New York Times</cite> on January 11, 1989. One problem with the + article is that it uses the propaganda term “intellectual + property” as if that referred to something coherent. The + term is such a confusion that talking about it <a + href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">makes no sense</a>. The article + is also somewhat confused in regard to Symbolics. What Stallman + did, while still working at MIT, was to write, independently, + replacement improvements comparable to the improvements that + Symbolics made in its version of the MIT Lisp Machine + System.</li> + <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 Years + of Free Software</a> (1999)</li> +</ul> + +<p>Here are two postings that Stallman wrote for a bulletin board at +Stanford while he was visiting there in May, 1983. They show some of +his thinking on the way towards launching the development of the GNU +system. They don't use the term “free software”; +apparently he had not yet started to put those two words together.</p> + +<ul> + <li><a href="/gnu/why-programs-should-be-shared.html">Why Programs + Should be Shared</a> (1983)</li> + <li><a href="/gnu/yes-give-it-away.html">Yes, Give It Away</a> + (1983)</li> +</ul> + + +<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU and Linux</h3> + +<ul> + <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">The relationship between GNU + and Linux</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why the ‘Linux + system’ should be called GNU/Linux</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU Users Who + Have Never Heard of GNU</a></li> + <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">A GNU/Linux FAQ</a></li> +</ul> + + +<h3><a id="misc"></a>Other GNU-related resources</h3> + +<ul> + <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux, + GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li> +</ul> + +<h3><a id="elsewhere"></a>GNU elsewhere</h3> + +<h4><a id="asteroid"></a>(9965) GNU</h4> + +<p>Main-belt +asteroid <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=9965">(9965) +GNU</a>, provisionally designated as 1992 EF<sub>2</sub>, was named +after the GNU project in +the <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2000/MPC_20001111.pdf">Minor +Planet Circular 41571</a>. The asteroid was discovered at Kitt Peak by +Spacewatch on the 5<sup>th</sup> March 1992.</p> + +</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> +<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> +<div id="footer"> +<div class="unprintable"> + +<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to +<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. +There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> +the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent +to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> + +<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph, + replace it with the translation of these two: + + We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality + translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection. + Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard + to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> + <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> + + <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + our web pages, see <a + href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations + README</a>. --> +Please see the <a +href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +of this article.</p> +</div> + +<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to + files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this + without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. + Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the + document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the + document was modified, or published. + + If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too. + Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying + years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable + year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including + being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system). + + There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers + Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> + +<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> + +<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> + +<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> + +<p class="unprintable">Updated: +<!-- timestamp start --> +$Date: 2020/05/06 01:00:42 $ +<!-- timestamp end --> +</p> +</div> +</div> +</body> +</html> + |