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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<title>Free Software and Sustainable Development - GNU Project - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Free Software and Sustainable Development</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p><em>First published on <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060721162054/http://www.insnet.org/ins_headlines.rxml?cust=212&amp;id=967">
+insnet.org</a> in 2005.</em></p>
+
+<p>Many organizations that aim to promote development by spreading the
+use of computers make a fundamental mistake: they promote the use of
+proprietary (nonfree) software. Using proprietary software is not
+development; it makes society dependent, not strong.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software such as MS Windows and the Macintosh system is
+distributed in a scheme to keep the users divided and helpless. The
+users are divided because each user is forbidden to share the program
+with anyone else; they are helpless because the &ldquo;plans&rdquo; of the
+software, the source code, are secret. Users can't feasibly change
+the program, or even verify that it does what the developer says (and
+not anything else that the developer didn't say).</p>
+
+<p>The way to avoid being divided and helpless is to use free software.
+Free software respects users' freedom. Specifically, free software
+means users have four essential freedoms: they are free to run the
+software, free to study its source code and change it to do what they
+want, free to redistribute copies, and free to publish modified
+versions. Free software is part of human knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>Increasing the use of free software makes society more capable. Free
+software can be freely used, understood, maintained and adapted by
+local people anywhere in the world. This is true development.</p>
+
+<p>By contrast, increasing use of proprietary software means deepening
+society's dependency on a few corporations in rich countries.
+Proprietary software is secret technology, which local people are
+forbidden to understand, forbidden to maintain, forbidden to adapt,
+and forbidden to extend. It can be used only under the direct control
+of a single corporation, or else illegally. Dependence on proprietary
+software is not development, it is electronic colonization.</p>
+
+<p>For more information on free software and the popular GNU/Linux
+operating system, see www.gnu.org.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2005, 2017, 2018, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2019/12/30 11:28:30 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>