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diff --git a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/ICT-for-prosperity.html b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/ICT-for-prosperity.html index 13e6649..b2ef491 100644 --- a/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/ICT-for-prosperity.html +++ b/talermerchantdemos/blog/articles/en/ICT-for-prosperity.html @@ -1,35 +1,42 @@ <!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" --> -<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 --> +<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 --> +<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html --> +<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" --> +<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" --> <title>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title> <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist" --> <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" --> - +<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" --> +<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE--> +<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" --> +<div class="article reduced-width"> <h2>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity</h2> -<p> -by <strong>Robert J. Chassell</strong> -</p> +<address class="byline">by Robert J. Chassell</address> +<div class="infobox"> <p> -[From a presentation given at the <!-- <br /> +From a presentation given at the <!-- <br /> <a href="http://www.globalknowledge.org.my/"> broken link, 1apr11 --> -Second Global Knowledge Conference<br /> -in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 7 March 2000.] +Second Global Knowledge Conference +in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 7 March 2000. </p> <!-- <p> [For a more extended discussion, see my<br /> <a href="http://www.teak.cc/Access-speech.html"> Free Software: Access and Empowerment</a>. </p> --> +</div> +<hr class="thin" /> <p> -The title of this presentation is ‘Shaping +The title of this presentation is “Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global -Prosperity’ and the themes of this conference are -‘access’, ‘empowerment’ and -‘governance’. +Prosperity” and the themes of this conference are +“access,” “empowerment” and +“governance.” </p> <p> What I want to do today is take one specific technology and talk about @@ -40,7 +47,7 @@ use the technology for better governance. </p> <p> The technology is software. The shaping has to do with copyright -licensing terms — its legal and institutional framework. +licensing terms—its legal and institutional framework. </p> <p> As a founder of the Free Software Foundation, I have been working for @@ -110,7 +117,7 @@ an Oxfam group that did this. People with older machines, even with the very old 80386 chips, can run efficient programs that do as much as programs that require a modern Pentium chip and expensive memory. And they can use these -machines as servers for Web pages and as routers — for +machines as servers for Web pages and as routers—for communications' infrastructure. </p> <p> @@ -151,7 +158,7 @@ audio and listen to it. <p> All these applications came on a CD-ROM that was, as it happens, given me at no charge. I have also paid for CDs with a different version of -the software — sometimes it is more convenient just to buy. And +the software—sometimes it is more convenient just to buy. And if you have a fast Internet connection, you can readily download the software, paying only your connection costs. </p> @@ -185,7 +192,7 @@ First, the right to copy. <p> Not many people own a factory that would enable them to copy a car. Indeed, to copy a car is so difficult that we use a different word, we -speak of ‘manufacturing’ a car. And there are not many +speak of “manufacturing” a car. And there are not many car manufacturers in the world. Far fewer than one in thirty people own or have ready access to a car factory. </p> @@ -193,7 +200,7 @@ own or have ready access to a car factory. But everyone with a computer owns a software factory, a device for manufacturing software, that is to say, for making new copies. Because copying software is so easy, we don't use the word -‘manufacturing’; we usually do not even think of it as a +“manufacturing”; we usually do not even think of it as a kind of manufacturing, but it is. </p> <p> @@ -367,7 +374,7 @@ redistribute the software. </p> <p> Because of the freedoms associated with it, this software is called -‘free software.’ +“free software.” </p> <p> While I am speaking of this phrase, let me clear up a verbal issue @@ -375,41 +382,41 @@ that sometimes confuses English speakers. </p> <p> The low price of free software leads some English speakers to think -that the word ‘free’ in the phrase ‘free -software’ means they can obtain it without cost. This is not +that the word “free” in the phrase “free +software” means they can obtain it without cost. This is not the definition, which is about <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">freedom</a>, but it is an easy misunderstanding. After all, I have been talking of frugal use of resources, software that is inexpensive. </p> <p> -The English word ‘free’ has several meanings. As a -Mexican friend of mine — and leader, by the way, of a major free -software project — once said to me, +The English word “free” has several meanings. As a +Mexican friend of mine—and leader, by the way, of a major free +software project—once said to me, </p> <blockquote><p> -English is broken; it does not distinguish between ‘free -beer’ and ‘free speech’. +English is broken; it does not distinguish between “free +beer” and “free speech.” </p></blockquote> <p> -Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between ‘gratis’ -and ‘libre’. Free software is ‘libre’ +Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between “gratis” +and “libre.” Free software is “libre” software. </p> <p> Likewise, the language of our hosts, Bahasa Melayu, distinguishes -between ‘pecuma’ and ‘kebebasa’. Free -software is ‘kebebasa’ software. +between “pecuma” and “kebebasa.” Free +software is “kebebasa” software. </p> <p> Incidentally, Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens invented the phrase -‘open source’ a few years ago as a synonym ‘free -software’. They wanted to work around the dislike many +“open source” a few years ago as a synonym “free +software.” They wanted to work around the dislike many companies have of free markets. The phrase is popular; Eric and Bruce succeeded in their purpose. </p> <p> -However, I prefer the term ‘free software’ since it better +However, I prefer the term “free software” since it better conveys the goal of freedom; the proposition that every man and woman, even a person who lives in a third world country, has the right to do first rate work, and must not be forbidden from doing so. @@ -428,7 +435,7 @@ such. Instead, and this is often not understood, a business enters the industry to make money in other ways. </p> <p> -Companies and people in the ‘software industry’ do not +Companies and people in the “software industry” do not sell software itself, but services associated with software or hardware or other solutions. </p> @@ -529,14 +536,14 @@ There is no need to acquire expensive, new hardware to run your software. </p> <p> -In conclusion — +In conclusion— </p> <p> I was asked to speak on </p> <p> -‘Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and -Initiatives for Global Prosperity’ +“Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and +Initiatives for Global Prosperity” </p> <p> Over the past 16 years, I have worked with people who shaped software @@ -588,10 +595,11 @@ will be law abiding and honest; free software encourages that. <p> Free software empowers people who previously were kept out. </p> +</div> </div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above --> <!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" --> -<div id="footer"> +<div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="unprintable"> <p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to @@ -609,19 +617,19 @@ to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p> to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> - <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of + <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of our web pages, see <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a>. --> Please see the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations -README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations +README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p> </div> <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should - be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this + be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first. Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the @@ -636,21 +644,20 @@ of this article.</p> There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --> -<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 Free -Software Foundation, Inc.</p> +<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p> <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license" -href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative -Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p> +href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative +Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p> <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" --> <p class="unprintable">Updated: <!-- timestamp start --> -$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:57 $ +$Date: 2021/09/09 20:25:34 $ <!-- timestamp end --> </p> </div> -</div> +</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include --> </body> </html> |